scholarly journals Water frogs (Rana esculenta complex) in Serbia: Morphological data

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Krizmanic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Rana Ridibunda ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Complex Population ◽  
Rana Esculenta Complex ◽  
Rana Lessonae

The main purpose of this paper was to estimate morphometric variability of the water frog (Rana synklepton esculenta complex) population in Serbia. Altogether, 396 water frogs were collected at 15 localities in Serbia and analyzed using principal components for 18 selected indices, in addition to which correspondent analyses were conducted for 30 qualitative external morphological traits. The results showed that the population samples were heterogeneous and included three separate forms (Rana ridibunda, Rana lessonae and Rana kl. esculenta). Significant interspecific differ?ences were found between R. ridibunda and R. lessonae, which are clearly distinct from each other. Rana kl. esculenta specimens were in an intermediate position between R. ridibunda and R. lessonae, with values more similar to the R. ridibunda parent species.

Freezing tolerance of the European water frogs: the good, the bad, and the ugly

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. R1563-R1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Voituron ◽  
Pierre Joly ◽  
Michel Eugène ◽  
Hervé Barré
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Freeze Tolerance ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Rana Ridibunda ◽  
European Water ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
European Water Frogs ◽  
Mass Accumulation ◽  
Rana Lessonae

Survival and some physiological responses to freezing were investigated in three European water frogs ( Rana lessonae, Rana ridibunda, and their hybridogen Rana esculenta). The three species exhibited different survival times during freezing (from 10 h for R. lessonae to 20 h for R. ridibunda). The time courses of percent water frozen were similar; however, because of the huge differences in body mass among species (from 10 g for Rana lessonae to nearly 100 g for Rana ridibunda), the ice mass accumulation rate varied markedly (from 0.75 ± 0.12 to 1.43 ± 0.11 g ice/h, respectively) and was lowest in the terrestrial hibernator Rana lessonae. The hybrid Rana esculenta exhibited an intermediate response between the two parental species; furthermore, within-species correlation existed between body mass and ice mass accumulation rates, suggesting the occurrence of subpopulations in this species (0.84 ± 0.08 g ice/h for small R. esculenta and 1.78 ± 0.09 g ice/h for large ones). Biochemical analyses showed accumulation of blood glucose and lactate, liver glucose (originating from glycogen), and liver alanine in Rana lessonae and Rana esculenta but not in Rana ridibunda in response to freezing. The variation of freeze tolerance between these three closely related species could bring understanding to the physiological processes involved in the evolution of freeze tolerance in vertebrates.

Development of testes and differentiation of germ cells in water frogs of the Rana esculenta - complex (Amphibia, Anura)

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Bartmańska ◽  
Maria Ogielska
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
New Class ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Rana Esculenta Complex ◽  
European Water Frog

AbstractThe European water frog, Rana esculenta, is a hybrid whose genome is composed of haploid chromosome sets of its parental species R. lessonae and R. ridibunda. Prior to meiosis one of the parental sets is discarded and the other is duplicated (hybridogenesis). In the parental species sex differentiation begins at tadpole stages 28-30 (Gosner, 1960), at stages 30-36 the testes are composed of proliferating pale spermatogonia 1°. At stages 36-39 a new class of spermatogonia I° (dark) appears. Before first hibernation, seminiferous lobules are filled with cysts containing germ cells at various stages of spermatogenesis up to elongating spermatids. In R. esculenta gonad development is affected from the earliest stages: the gonads are smaller and composed of reduced number of spermatogonia I°. The phase of pale spermatogonia I° proliferation is prolonged up to the second year of life. The structure of the gonads, as well as that of germ cells themselves, are often abnormal.

DNA content and genome composition of diploid and triploid water frogs belonging to the Rana esculenta complex (Amphibia, Anura)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1894-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ogielska ◽  
Piotr Kierzkowski ◽  
Mariusz Rybacki
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Rana Esculenta Complex ◽  
Chromosome Staining

The Central European water frog Rana esculenta L., 1758 is a natural hybrid between Rana lessonae Camerano, 1882 (LL) and Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771 (RR). Hybrids are usually diploid (RL) or triploid (LLR or RRL). Distinguishing LL from RL, RR from RL, and LLR from RRL according to external morphology is ambiguous. In this study we checked whether the DNA content in erythrocyte nuclei measured by image cytometry is useful in determination of the taxonomic status of diploids (LL, RR, and RL) and the genome composition of triploids (LLR and RRL). For exact and direct identification of parental species, as well as for determination of genome composition in hybrids, we applied actinomycin D – 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole chromosome staining to metaphase plates. We analyzed 43 LL, 12 RR, and 32 RL diploids, and 37 LLR and 19 RRL triploids. All diploid hybrids had 2n = 26 chromosomes, and all triploid hybrids had 3n = 39 chromosomes. Neither aneuploid nor mosaic hybrids were detected. The expected numbers of 13 R. lessonae (L) and 13 R. ridibunda (R) chromosomes in RL hybrids were recorded in about 31% of individuals. In the rest of the sample the composition was variable, ranging from 9 to 14 R chromosomes and the corresponding number of L chromosomes. The expected composition of 26 L and 13 R chromosomes was detected in about 32% of LLR triploids, whereas in the rest of the sample the composition of chromosomes ranged from 8 to 15 R chromosomes and the corresponding number of L chromosomes. The expected numbers of 26 R and 13 L chromosomes were detected in about 26% of RRL triploids, whereas in the rest of the sample the composition of chromosomes ranged from 19 to 28 R chromosomes and the corresponding number of L chromosomes. The DNA content densitometry showed that RR and RL diploids had 9.5% and 3.8% more DNA, respectively, than LL diploids. These differences, although statistically significant, were not sufficient to unequivocally discriminate LL from RL and RR from RL. Triploids had about 50% more DNA than LL diploids (49% in LLR and 51% in RRL), but these differences were too small for unequivocal determination of their genome composition.

Genome elimination in diploid and triploid Rana esculenta males: cytological evidence from DNA flow cytometry

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Vinogradov ◽  
L. J. Borkin ◽  
R. Günther ◽  
J. M. Rosanov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Dna Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Rana Lessonae

Cytological aspects of hemiclonal (meroclonal) inheritance in diploid and triploid males of the hybridogenetic frog Rana esculenta (Rana ridibunda × Rana lessonae) have been studied by DNA flow cytometry. The fact that the R. ridibunda genome contains 16% more DNA than the R. lessonae genome provides the ability to discern cells containing genomes of any species from the water-frog complex under study. Data are presented showing that elimination of the R. ridibunda genome occurs in hybridogenetic males from certain populations. In triploid males, the cytogenetic mechanism of hemiclonal inheritance is simpler than in diploids: after the elimination of a genome (always the genome in the minority in the triploid set; "homogenizing elimination"), no compensatory duplication of the remaining genetic material is necessary, as it is in diploids. The process of elimination can be visualized in triploid males by using DNA flow cytometry to identify cells in the special phase of the spermatogonial cell cycle that we termed the E phase.Key words: Rana esculenta, genome elimination, non-Mendelian inheritance, spermatogenesis, DNA flow cytometry.

Rod-Shaped Bivalents indicate new assemblage among Anatolian Water Frog Populations

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beria Falakali Mutaf ◽  
Nurşen Alpagut Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Rana Ridibunda ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
The North ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Metaphase I

AbstractThe general features of the mitotic and meiotic chromosomes analysed in 91 frogs belonging to nine water frog populations distributed in Southwest Anatolia. The differences found in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes revealed the existence of two groups among the populations: the first "Aegean Group" includes those from Izmir, Bulca, Pazarağaç, and the second – "Lake District Group" from Eber, Akşehir, Gelendost, Eğirdir, Gölcük, and Beyşehir populations. The major distinction appeared in the number of the rod-shaped bivalents in metaphase I, with only one in the "Aegean Group" compared to one or two in the "Lake District Group". This result indicates a new assemblage among Anatolian water frogs and strengthens the suggestion that the "Lake District Group" that have one or two rod shaped bivalents in metaphase I due to the inclusion of hybrid lineages containing both parental genomes. It is clear that at least two separate species are present in Anatolia; one of them is possibly Rana ridibunda from the north and the second is closer to the Balkan species Rana epeirotica and Rana shqiperica.

Is body size of the water frog Rana esculenta complex responding to climate change?

2006 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Tryjanowski ◽  
Tim Sparks ◽  
Mariusz Rybacki ◽  
Leszek Berger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
Rana Esculenta Complex

scholarly journals Survival in adults of the water frogRana lessonaeand its hybridogenetic associateRana esculenta

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katherina Holenweg Peter
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Rana Lessonae

Using recent developments in capture–mark–recapture modelling, I analysed survival rates of adults of two species of water frogs, the parent species Rana lessonae and its sexual parasite, the hybrid Rana esculenta. Frogs were caught in four different breeding ponds between 1995 and 1998 and the effects of genotype (= species), sex, pond, and time on survival rates and recapture probabilities were tested. Survival rates were consistently higher in R. lessonae than in R. esculenta. Recapture probability was higher in males than in females. In both species, survival rates were constant during spring and summer and similar in all years of the investigation, average monthly survival rates being lower than those during autumn and winter. The variation in annual survival rates (72–84% for R. lessonae and 53–70% for R. esculenta) is probably caused by differences in winter survival rates. Capture–mark–recapture models cannot separate mortality and emigration and hence usually underestimate survival rates. To eliminate this source of error, I quantified emigration, which ranged from 0 to 29% at the four ponds. After correcting for these emigration rates, I found no differences in survival rates among the four ponds. The overall high survival rates of adult R. lessonae compared with R. esculenta partially compensate for the hybrid's initial reproductive advantage in terms of mating, fertility, and larval development and, hence, contribute to stabilising mixed populations.

Discordance between ventral colour and mtDNA haplotype in the water frog Rana (ridibunda) caralitana, 1988 Arıkan

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Akın ◽  
C. Can Bilgin ◽  
Metin Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Rana Ridibunda ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Water Frog ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Water Frogs ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

AbstractThe water frog form caralitana was first described as a subspecies of Rana ridibunda by Arıkan (1988) from southwestern Turkey. Its orange ventral colour has been used as a diagnostic character since its description. After testing for a correlation between body size and ventral colour, we compared mtDNA and venter colour of adult specimens from 27 localities to assess the validity of this character for systematics of Anatolian water frogs. We mapped the distribution of each category and tested whether there is concordance between mtDNA haplotype and ventral colour of sampled individuals at the watershed level. Furthermore, we analyzed relationships between ventral colour and altitude. Size and ventral colouration were found to be significantly correlated. The distribution of orange ventral colour exhibited a complex clinal variation especially west of the Lake District where different coloured individuals are seen syntopically. In other regions, there were abrupt changes, presumably because of geographic barriers such as mountains. Our results indicate that although there is significant concordance between caralitana-specific mtDNA and orange venter colour, there are certain watersheds where the majority of sampled individuals exhibits discordance in mtDNA and ventral colouration. In all periphery regions, some degree of genetic introgression is indicated. These patterns clearly indicate gene flow between the caralitana lineage and non-caralitana lineages and is supported by lack of evidence for habitat-specific selection, the assignment of individuals from the same population into distinct clades, and the occurrence of an intermediate character between different forms in transition zones.

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