scholarly journals Assessing capture success of small mammals due to trap orientation in field–forest edge habitat

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Wolcott ◽  
Madison R. Ackerman ◽  
Michael L. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edge Habitat ◽  
Capture Success

The prediction that trap orientation would not affect the likelihood of capturing small, non-volant mammals in field–forest edge habitat was tested during late May and early June 2010 at 3 locations in western Tennessee. Traps were placed in pairs along transects in edge habitats with the orientation of one trap facing outward, toward the field, and the other oriented inward, toward the forest. Results reflected no differential capture success due to trap orientation among ages, sexes, species, or locations. This finding should facilitate the inventorying and monitoring of small mammals in an abundant and potentially species-rich habitat type found in many terrestrial regions.

scholarly journals On Two New Parasitic Acari of the Genus Leiognathus, Cn. (Gamasidae)

1912 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Most of the species of Leiognathus are parasitic on small mammals (bats, rodents, etc.), others occur on birds and a few also on reptiles. A number of the species of this genus have been described under the name Liponyssus, butpersonally I do not think that Liponyssus setosus, Kolenati (the type and first described species of the genus Liponyssus) falls into the same natural genus as the species described by recent authors under that generic name or under the name Leiognathus. On the other hand, Kolenati's genera Ischoronyssus, Macronyssus, Lepronyssus, Steatonyssus and Pimelonyssus certainly seem to me to be congeneric with Leiognathus, Cn., and ultimately one of these names will have to replace Canestrini's.

Habitat use by the eastern horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus megaphyllus, in a fragmented woodland mosaic

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Pavey
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foraging Habitat ◽  
Flight Pattern ◽  
Edge Habitat ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Horseshoe Bats ◽  
Riparian Woodland

I examined habitat use by eastern horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus megaphyllus, in a fragmented woodland mosaic in south-east Queensland, Australia. I predicted that the species would forage within the remaining woodland remnants in the mosaic, because its flight pattern and auditory system are adapted for locating and capturing prey in cluttered habitat (i.e. close to and within vegetation). I studied habitat use by light-tagging and radio-tagging bats that roosted in a disused mine in a large woodland fragment. I observed bats within an area of 95 ha, which was composed of grassland (71% of area), woodland (14%), and edge habitat (boundary of woodland and grassland, and isolated trees in grassland – 15%). Bats foraged in woodland and edge habitat but not over grassland, and used woodland significantly more often than expected by its availability. Commuting bats left the woodland fragment in which the roost was located by one of two routes, both of which led into riparian woodland. One route was entirely within woodland, whereas the other route crossed 250 m of open ground. The study indicates that R. megaphyllus should respond negatively to the fragmentation of woodland and forest because this process will reduce the availability of its preferred foraging habitat.

A comparison of analysis units for associating Lyme disease with forest-edge habitat

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jackson ◽  
J. Levine ◽  
E. Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Edge Habitat

scholarly journals The brush-tailed gerbille gerbillurus vallinus in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Schlitter ◽  
I.L. Rautenbach
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Desert Rodent ◽  
Important Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Owl Pellets

As with many of the other national parks in the Republic of South Africa, an effort has been made to determine the species of small mammals in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (KGNP) (Rautenbach 1971; Rautenbach and Nel 1975). An additional feature of such species inventories has been the use of owl pellets to determine the occurrence of small mammals in a given area. This has been done in the KGNP as well as other parts of southern Africa (Davis 1958; Nel and Nolte 1965; Nel 1969; Vernon 1972; Coetzee 1972). Such inventories of species of small mammals are critical as the KGNP has become an important study site for desert rodent ecology (Nel 1967; Nel and Rautenbach 1974; Nel 1975; Nel and Rautenbach 1975).

Effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 588-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H.A. Melo ◽  
B.K.C. Filgueiras ◽  
C.A. Iserhard ◽  
L. Iannuzzi ◽  
A.V.L. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Habitat Loss And Fragmentation ◽  
Threatened Taxa ◽  
Butterfly Assemblages

Habitat loss and fragmentation have drastically altered the availability and quality of tropical forest habitats, but information on how such changes influence local biodiversity is still insufficient. Here, we examine the effects of both patch and landscape metrics on fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in a fragmented landscape of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our study was carried out in three habitat types: eight fragments (ranging from 8 to 126 ha), eight areas of forest edge (50 m from forest border), and eight areas of forest interior (>200 m from forest border) of the largest remnant (3500 ha) of the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil. Our results demonstrated that fragment area is negatively correlated with observed and estimated richness and abundance of butterflies, whereas habitat type is correlated with estimated richness and abundance of butterflies. Species composition responded to habitat type, fragment area, and distance between sample units. These findings illustrated (i) fruit-feeding butterfly sensitivity to habitat loss and fragmentation, (ii) that species composition and abundance are adequate parameters to access the responses of fruit-feeding butterflies to habitat loss and fragmentation, and (iii) the relevance of a heterogeneous and connected landscape for conservation of butterflies, where small fragments are important for generalist or open-habitat specialists and large remnants are key for disturbance-sensitive and threatened taxa.

Predation rates of artificial nests in the edge and interior of a southern Victorian forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Berry
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Artificial Nests ◽  
Avian Predators ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Grey Shrike ◽  
Predation Rates

Predation rates of nests at human-induced habitat edges may be greater than in forest interior due to differences in predator assemblages and predator activity. I compared the predation rates on 192 artificial nests containing plasticine eggs placed in forest edge and interior sites at Bunyip State Park, Victoria. The nest-predation rates at the forest edge sites were significantly greater (mean = 52–58%) than that at the forest interior sites (mean = 30–39%). The relative rates of predation by birds compared with mammals were significantly greater at forest edge sites (mean = 78–94%) than at forest interior sites (mean = 36–67%). Higher rates of nest predation at forest edges appeared to be due to greater densities of avian predators such as the grey shrike-thrush (Colluricincla harmonica), and/or lower abundances of small mammals. However, biases towards certain predator types may mask real, or create false, patterns in predation rates of artificial nests. A better understanding of how predators respond to artificial nests compared with natural nests is required. Until then, results of predation studies that use artificial nests should be interpreted with caution.

Morphological and molecular analyses of larval taeniid species in small mammals from contrasting habitats in Denmark

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N.S. Al-Sabi ◽  
P.M. Jensen ◽  
M.U. Christensen ◽  
C.M.O. Kapel
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractTaeniid infections in intermediate hosts manifest themselves as extraintestinal larval stages which, in early development, lack species-specific characteristics. The inability to distinguish infections of zoonotic importance such as Echinococcus multilocularis from other taeniid infections that have mainly veterinary significance stimulated the development of species-specific molecular diagnostics. In this study, the prevalence of taeniid infections in potential intermediate hosts was evaluated using both morphological diagnosis and a newly described multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for species determination. Small mammals (N= 719) were trapped in three different types of habitats in north-east Zealand, Denmark. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR (90.5%) exceeded that of morphological examination (57.9%) for identifying 95 taeniid infections. The use of the multiplex PCR resulted in higher prevalence rates due to improved detection of immature liver infections with Hydatigera taeniaeformis and Versteria mustelae, but did not affect the observed prevalence rates of peritoneal metacestodes of Taenia polyacantha. The prevalence of taeniid infections showed a significant difference according to habitat type, potentially identifying a ‘sylvatic’ transmission and an ‘urban’ transmission, with marked variation among different taeniid species. Versteria mustelae and T. polyacantha were more prevalent in rural forests, while infections with H. taeniaeformis were dominant in urban parks/forests and in residential and farm gardens. The multiplex PCR facilitated a better utilization of wildlife samples by yielding a higher number of definitive diagnoses of ambiguous taeniid infections in liver lesions, allowing for more accurate epidemiological data and, hence, a more accurate risk assessment.

scholarly journals Multi-scale determinants of small mammal and lizard dimensions of diversity across Amazonian insular forest fragments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Filipa Palmeirim ◽  
Fabio Farneda ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Vieira ◽  
Carlos A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Β Diversity

Abstract Context Hydropower development is one of the primary drivers of habitat loss and insular fragmentation. Yet, studies quantifying such effects on biodiversity are mostly limited to taxonomic metrics, often overlooking species identity and their functional and phylogenetic roles. Objectives We examined taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic responses to habitat loss and insular fragmentation of small mammals and lizards within (α) and between sites (β). Methods Both taxa were surveyed across 25 islands within the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir, and adjacent continuous forest, in Central Amazonia. Each dimension of diversity was related to spatial and habitat variables. We also examined functional composition using community-weighted mean trait values, and community redundancy using functional uniqueness. β-diversity was partitioned into their richness (βrich) and replacement (βrepl) components. Results Functional and phylogenetic α−diversities of both taxa mirrored the taxonomic dimension, all of which increased with forest area. Individual small mammal (body mass and matrix tolerance), and lizard traits (heliothermic mode and habitat type) were also predicted by forest area. For both taxa, species functional uniqueness decreased with forest area, and all dimensions of β-diversity were predominantly partitioned in βrich. Conclusions The environmental filter created by forest area resulted in the low conservation value associated with small forest islands, only occupied by a small set of species comprised by generalist lizards and matrix-tolerant small mammals. On the other side, large forest sites ensured ecosystem resilience to disturbance. To maintain ecosystem integrity, creating a myriad small island over large expanses of floodwaters should be avoided in future hydropower development.

scholarly journals LEOPARD (Panthera pardus L.) IN PURWODADI, TEPUS, GUNUNGKIDUL, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Edi Dwi Atmaja ◽  
Budi Dwisetiyani
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Interesting Area ◽  
Tropical Karst

<p>Indonesia is a beautiful archipelago country. It has many habitat type and ecosystem. The most interesting area is karst. By its special characteristics like high concentration of calcium (Ca), makes karst area has a specific and uniquely ecosystem. Gunungsewu is the largest karst area in Indonesia. The surface ecosystem of karst (eksokarst) in Indonesia is very dry, however we can find Leopard (Panthera pardus L), especially in Southern part of Karst Gunungsewu. That is why we are interested to study about it. In this study, we use observation and interview method. From the temporally result (research still on progress), we know that in Purwodadi, Tepus area live two sub-species of Leopards, those are Spotted Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) and Javanese Black Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) with porcupine (Hystrix javanica), squirrel (Caloscurus notatus), Mongoose (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), and other small mammals and some birds as their prey. In some cases, we find Leopard eats the dead human body but they rarely eat cattle although it takes in the middle of the farms. The habitat of Leopard was fragmented. Now they only life in five fragmented part of karst Gunungsewu and their habitat degrade slowly from year to year. From the results, we can conclude that conservation in Karst of Gunungsewu especially in Purwodadi, Tepus, Gunungkidul is badly needed. It must be done soon because Leopard becomes extinct. We can use local wisdom to conserve it because it has proven can make a good interaction between human and Leopards in their habitat. </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>: predator, tropical, karst, Gunungsewu</p><p> </p>

Foraging ecology of coyotes (Canis latrans): the influence of extrinsic factors and a dominance hierarchy

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Gese ◽  
Robert L. Ruff ◽  
Robert L. Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Time Activity

We examined the influence of intrinsic (age, sex, and social status) and extrinsic (snow depth, snowpack hardness, temperature, available ungulate carcass biomass) factors in relation to time–activity budgets of coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. We observed 54 coyotes (49 residents from 5 packs, plus 5 transients) for 2507 h from January 1991 to June 1993. Snow depth, ungulate carcass biomass, and habitat type influenced the amount of time coyotes rested, travelled, hunted small mammals, and fed on carcasses. Coyotes decreased travelling and hunting and increased resting and feeding on carcasses as snow depth and available carcass biomass increased. Age and social status of the coyote influenced activity budgets. During times of deep snow and high carcass biomass, pups fed less on carcasses and hunted small mammals more than alpha and beta coyotes. Pups apparently were restricted by older pack members from feeding on a carcass. Thus, pups adopted a different foraging strategy by spending more time hunting small mammals. Coyotes spent most of their time hunting small mammals in mesic meadows and shrub–meadows, where prey densities were highest. Prey-detection rates and prey-capture rates explained 78 and 84%, respectively, of the variation in the amount of time coyotes spent hunting small mammals in each habitat in each winter. Our findings strongly suggested that resource partitioning, as mediated by defense by older coyotes, occurred among coyote pack members in Yellowstone National Park.

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