scholarly journals West Nile Virus as a Cause of Death Among Endangered Eastern Loggerhead Shrikes, Lanius ludovicianus migrans, in West St. Paul, Manitoba

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Cory J. Lindgren ◽  
Rosemary Postey ◽  
Ken De Smet ◽  
Chris Higgs ◽  
Amy B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lanius Ludovicianus ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Loggerhead Shrike

In July 2006, three Eastern Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus migrans) nestlings were found dead in a nest in West St. Paul, near Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Eastern Loggerhead Shrike is an endangered form in Canada and populations are in decline. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining detected West Nile virus in the tissues of the nestlings indicating the cause of death. This is the first confirmed report of West Nile virus in wild populations of Eastern Loggerhead Shrikes in North America. These findings will challenge conservation biologists in their efforts to develop recovery and management plans for the endangered Eastern Loggerhead Shrike, as well as in the implementation of captive rearing programs.

West Nile Virus Chorioretinitis in the Presence of Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction Results

2021 ◽  
pp. 247412642097925
Author(s):  
Kareem Moussa ◽  
Karen W. Jeng-Miller ◽  
Leo A. Kim ◽  
Dean Eliott
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Purpose: This work aims to evaluate the utility of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and serology in confirming West Nile Virus (WNV) infection in patients with suspected WNV chorioretinitis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of a cluster of patients who presented to the Retina Service of Massachusetts Eye and Ear between September and October 2018. Results: Three patients were identified with classic WNV chorioretinitis lesions with negative cerebrospinal fluid NAAT and positive serum serology findings. The diagnosis of WNV chorioretinitis was made based on the appearance of the fundus lesions and the presence of characteristic findings on fluorescein angiography as previously described in the literature. Conclusions: This report highlights 3 unique cases of WNV chorioretinitis in which NAAT of cerebrospinal fluid failed to identify WNV as the inciting agent. These cases stress the importance of serum serologic testing in diagnosing WNV infection.

scholarly journals Mosquito Surveillance and Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of West Nile Virus, New York State

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. White ◽  
Laura D. Kramer ◽  
P. Bryon Backenson ◽  
Gary Lukacik ◽  
Geraldine Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
New York State ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance ◽  
York State ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection in the Eastern Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus migrans): Pathology, Epidemiology, and Immunization

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads F. Bertelsen ◽  
Rolf-Arne Ølberg ◽  
Graham J. Crawshaw ◽  
Antonia Dibernardo ◽  
L. Robbin Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lanius Ludovicianus ◽  
Loggerhead Shrike

scholarly journals Retrospective identification of human cases of West Nile virus infection in Austria (2009 to 2010) by serological differentiation from Usutu and other flavivirus infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stiasny ◽  
S W Aberle ◽  
F X Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Polymerase Chain

There is increasing evidence for the spread of West Nile virus (WNV) in southern, eastern and central Europe. In parallel, another flavivirus, the antigenically closely related Usutu virus, was introduced from Africa and first detected in Austria (2001), followed by Spain (2003), Hungary (2005), Italy (2006), Switzerland (2006) and Germany (2007). In Austria, human WNV infections have not previously been documented, although the virus was isolated from birds and detected in mosquitoes in 2008 and 2009. We therefore conducted a retrospective search for human cases of WNV infection using serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease in the summers of 2009, 2010 and 2011. Although all samples were negative for WNV by polymerase chain reaction, quantitative evaluation of standardised antibody assays with purified flavivirus antigens (including Usutu virus, which cross-reacts with WNV even in neutralisation assays) provided serological evidence for three autochthonous WNV infections in Austria: two in 2009 and one in 2010. Our data highlight the importance of raising awareness of WNV infections in Austria and neighbouring countries and suggest including testing for this infection in routine diagnostic practice of CNS diseases.

scholarly journals Serological Studies of West Nile Virus in a Liver Transplant Population

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Nicolle ◽  
A Gutkin ◽  
G Smart ◽  
M Dawood ◽  
M Drebot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplant populations are at increased risk for serious clinical manifestations of West Nile virus (WNV) infection.OBJECTIVE: To monitor liver transplant recipients during the 2003 WNV season in Manitoba and to identify incidence, clinical presentation and serology.METHODS: Serial blood specimens were obtained from adult patients followed at the liver transplant outpatient clinic between May 2003 and October 2003. Studies for WNV infection included immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), plaque reduction neutralization test and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: None of the 79 patients had clinical presentations suggestive of WNV infection. On testing of the final serum specimen obtained, 14 patients (18%) had positive IgG anti-WNV by EIA and six patients (7%) had indeterminate IgG anti-WNV by EIA, although all were negative by IgM EIA. Four (20%) of the EIA-positive samples were reactive by HI, but all of these were negative by WNV plaque reduction neutralization test; this is consistent with the presence of non-West Nile flavivirus antibody in these sera. Blood specimens obtained throughout the season from EIA- and HI-positive individuals were uniformly negative for WNV-RNA by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. Age, sex, hematology and biochemistry findings, hepatitis B or C virus status, immunosuppressive regimen (cyclosporin or tacrolimus) and pretransplant diagnosis of liver disease were similar for EIA-positive and EIA-negative patients. For the 10 patients with a positive IgG EIA maintained on cyclosporin, the cyclosporin level was 129.1±28.6 µg/L compared with 85.6±36.7 µg/L in 26 patients who were EIA-negative (P=0.002).CONCLUSIONS: False-positive IgG EIA serology for WNV was common in this cohort of liver transplant recipients, and was associated with elevated serum cyclosporin levels.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection in Sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rimoldi ◽  
A. Mete ◽  
J. M. Adaska ◽  
M. L. Anderson ◽  
K. P. Symmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

West Nile virus (WNV) infection has been detected in many species of birds and mammals, but scant information is available about the disease in small ruminants. West Nile virus was diagnosed in 6 sheep with neurological signs and encephalitis, in California between 2002 and 2014. All sheep had severe lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis. Lymphoplasmacytic myelitis was also detected in 2 sheep where the spinal cord was examined. Brain tissue was positive for WNV detected by polymerase chain reaction in 6 of 6 sheep and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 5 of 6 sheep. Viral antigen was not detected by IHC in extraneural tissues in the 3 sheep examined. West Nile virus RNA was sequenced from 2 of 6 sheep, and each one clusters closely with WNV isolated from mosquito pools from nearby locations at similar times. West Nile virus was the most common cause of viral encephalitis in sheep diagnosed at this laboratory between 2002 and 2014, accounting for 6 of 9 sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document