scholarly journals Mosquito Surveillance and Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of West Nile Virus, New York State

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. White ◽  
Laura D. Kramer ◽  
P. Bryon Backenson ◽  
Gary Lukacik ◽  
Geraldine Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
New York State ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mosquito Surveillance ◽  
York State ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Factors Associated With the Risk of West Nile Virus Among Crows in New York State

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. DeCarlo ◽  
A. B. Clark ◽  
K. J. McGowan ◽  
P. E. Ziegler ◽  
A. L. Glaser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
New York State ◽  
West Nile ◽  
York State ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Outbreak Among Horses in New York State, 1999 and 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Trock ◽  
Barry J. Meade ◽  
Amy L. Glaser ◽  
Eileen N. Ostlund ◽  
Robert S. Lanciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
New York State ◽  
West Nile ◽  
York State

scholarly journals Dead Crow Densities and Human Cases of West Nile Virus, New York State, 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent Eidson ◽  
Jim Miller ◽  
Laura Kramer ◽  
Bryan Cherry ◽  
Yoichiro Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
New York State ◽  
West Nile ◽  
York State

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection in Birds and Mosquitoes, New York State, 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Bernard ◽  
Joseph G. Maffei ◽  
Susan A. Jones ◽  
Elizabeth B. Kauffman ◽  
Gregory D. Ebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
New York State ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
York State

scholarly journals Retrospective identification of human cases of West Nile virus infection in Austria (2009 to 2010) by serological differentiation from Usutu and other flavivirus infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stiasny ◽  
S W Aberle ◽  
F X Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Polymerase Chain

There is increasing evidence for the spread of West Nile virus (WNV) in southern, eastern and central Europe. In parallel, another flavivirus, the antigenically closely related Usutu virus, was introduced from Africa and first detected in Austria (2001), followed by Spain (2003), Hungary (2005), Italy (2006), Switzerland (2006) and Germany (2007). In Austria, human WNV infections have not previously been documented, although the virus was isolated from birds and detected in mosquitoes in 2008 and 2009. We therefore conducted a retrospective search for human cases of WNV infection using serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease in the summers of 2009, 2010 and 2011. Although all samples were negative for WNV by polymerase chain reaction, quantitative evaluation of standardised antibody assays with purified flavivirus antigens (including Usutu virus, which cross-reacts with WNV even in neutralisation assays) provided serological evidence for three autochthonous WNV infections in Austria: two in 2009 and one in 2010. Our data highlight the importance of raising awareness of WNV infections in Austria and neighbouring countries and suggest including testing for this infection in routine diagnostic practice of CNS diseases.

scholarly journals Serological Studies of West Nile Virus in a Liver Transplant Population

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Nicolle ◽  
A Gutkin ◽  
G Smart ◽  
M Dawood ◽  
M Drebot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: Solid organ transplant populations are at increased risk for serious clinical manifestations of West Nile virus (WNV) infection.OBJECTIVE: To monitor liver transplant recipients during the 2003 WNV season in Manitoba and to identify incidence, clinical presentation and serology.METHODS: Serial blood specimens were obtained from adult patients followed at the liver transplant outpatient clinic between May 2003 and October 2003. Studies for WNV infection included immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM enzyme immunoassay (EIA), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), plaque reduction neutralization test and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: None of the 79 patients had clinical presentations suggestive of WNV infection. On testing of the final serum specimen obtained, 14 patients (18%) had positive IgG anti-WNV by EIA and six patients (7%) had indeterminate IgG anti-WNV by EIA, although all were negative by IgM EIA. Four (20%) of the EIA-positive samples were reactive by HI, but all of these were negative by WNV plaque reduction neutralization test; this is consistent with the presence of non-West Nile flavivirus antibody in these sera. Blood specimens obtained throughout the season from EIA- and HI-positive individuals were uniformly negative for WNV-RNA by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. Age, sex, hematology and biochemistry findings, hepatitis B or C virus status, immunosuppressive regimen (cyclosporin or tacrolimus) and pretransplant diagnosis of liver disease were similar for EIA-positive and EIA-negative patients. For the 10 patients with a positive IgG EIA maintained on cyclosporin, the cyclosporin level was 129.1±28.6 µg/L compared with 85.6±36.7 µg/L in 26 patients who were EIA-negative (P=0.002).CONCLUSIONS: False-positive IgG EIA serology for WNV was common in this cohort of liver transplant recipients, and was associated with elevated serum cyclosporin levels.

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