scholarly journals Pileated Woodpeckers, Dryocopus pileatus, Foraging in Suburban Habitats in New Brunswick

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Erskine
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Local People ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
The West ◽  
Woodland Birds ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Male Bird ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Pileated Woodpeckers

Pileated Woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus), usually woodland birds, were seen often in Sackville, New Brunswick, in winters 2005-2007. Excavations in trees were made mostly by two female birds. A male bird joined each female briefly in late winter. These birds probably all roosted in wooded areas west of town. Most large trees in town are broad-leafed, in contrast to the mostly conifer woods to the west (there are only open lands to the east). Feeding excavations in town were mostly in maples, with little use of elms. Prey noted were large larvae, seemingly of sawflies, unlike published reports of Pileated Woodpecker feeding mainly on adult ants and beetles. Excavations further weakened trees already damaged by boring insects, causing perceived risks to passers-by and to overhead wires. Work by woodpeckers alerted arborists to weakened trees or branches, many of which were removed. Local people were excited at seeing, close up, these impressive – and tame – birds.

scholarly journals The Ambangulu Forest, West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: a threatened Eastern Arc forest

Oryx ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Goodman ◽  
William T. Stanley ◽  
William D. Newmark ◽  
Kim M. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Forest ◽  
Local People ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Arc

Ambangulu Forest is one of the few remaining tracts of natural forest between 800 and 1200 m in the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. It may be the biologically richest area in the region but it is threatened by illegal felling of timber trees, wind damage, grazing and browsing livestock, and collection of fuel-wood and building poles. A proposed project aims to protect the forest and benefit local people at the same time.

BIOCONTROL OF THE WEED CANADA THISTLE (CIRSIUM ARVENSE): RELEASES AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GALL FLY UROPHORA CARDUI (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN CANADA

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
D. B. Finnamore ◽  
A. K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
The West ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe gall fly Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), native to Europe, was released at 24 locations across Canada beginning in 1974. It became established in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick but died out in all but one location in western Canada. Evidence for winter mortality in the west does not explain the failure of these colonies. Although galls, in particular those on the main shoot, reduce the height of Canada thistle, so far the impact on the host weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) (L.) Scop., is slight.

Lower Cambrian (Branchian) trilobites and biostratigraphy of the Hanford Brook Formation, southern New Brunswick

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 858-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Westrop ◽  
Ed Landing
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Lower Cambrian ◽  
Early Cambrian ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Cambrian ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Two New Species

The Hanford Brook Formation, one of the classic Cambrian units of Avalonian North America, contains at least eight species of endemic trilobites, including Berabichia milleri Westrop n. sp., that are assigned to seven genera. The vertical succession of faunas is far more complex than has been recognized previously, with each member containing a lithofacies-specific assemblage. These are, in ascending order: a bradoriid-linguloid Association without trilobites in the nearshore St. Martin's Member, a Protolenus Association in dysaerobic siltstones and sandstones of the Somerset Street Member, and a Kingaspidoides-Berabichia Association in hummocky cross-stratified sandstones of the Long Island Member that overlie a parasequence boundary at Hanford Brook. Due to the breakdown of biogeographic barriers in the late Early Cambrian, two new species-based zones, the Protolenus elegans and Kingaspidoides cf. obliquoculatus zones, share trilobite genera with the Tissafinian Stage of Morocco. This generic similarity has been the basis for correlation of this upper Lower Cambrian interval on the Avalon continent with the West Gondwanan lowest Middle Cambrian. However, the clear facies control on the occurrence of genera in the Hanford Brook Formation and the presence of an abrupt faunal break and unconformity at the base of the Tissafinian in Morocco makes this correlation questionable. The Hanford Brook Formation may represent a late Early Cambrian interval unknown in Gondwana. Sequence-stratigraphic criteria even raise the possibility that the Protolenus Association is the biofacies equivalent of Callavia broeggeri Zone faunas of the Brigus Formation of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Massachusetts.

John Lloyd Stephens and His American Book

1949 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Roscoe R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Central America ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Native State ◽  
The West ◽  
American Universities ◽  
University Of Oklahoma ◽  
Rutgers University ◽  
American Book ◽  
The University

John Lloyd Stephens was a remarkable man in his day and probably would have been remarkable at any time in American history. Lawyer, politician, traveler, author, diplomat and entrepreneur, he made his contribution to American life. Because of the heritage which he left, now as the centenary of his death approaches, the presses of two leading American universities have enriched their list of titles with books relating to Stephens. Rutgers University Press, located in Stephens’ native state, has brought out a new edition of Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, & Yucatan (New Brunswick, 1949. 2 vols., Pp. xx, 346; xiv, 340. Illus., map.) under the able editorship of Richard L. Predmore. In the West, the University of Oklahoma Press has offered to the reading public Maya Explorer: John Lloyd Stephens and the Lost Cities of Central America and Yucatan (Norman, 1948. Pp. xviii, 324., illus.), a delightful biography by Victor Wolfgang von Hagen.

Exploring the Spatial Preferences of Plant Landscape Dynamics around the Buildings in the Humble Administrator’s Garden, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2997-3001
Author(s):  
Hong Bing Wang ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Yong Hong Hu ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Jia Kuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Culture Heritage

The Humble Administrator’s Garden is not only the topmost classical private garden south of the Yangtze River in China, but a member of the World Culture Heritage List. Its rich plant landscape patterns around housings have valuable effects on today’s building environment. This study tried to explore the spatial preferences of plant landscape dynamics of the garden. The 13 sample plots, each of which centered about a building and 12m outward radiation, were investigated in February and August 2010. We recorded totally 53 tree species and 325 individuals. Tree height, defoliation, direction (relative to building) and spacing (distance from building) were divided into levels of 6, 2, 8 and 4 respectively. Each level was encoded in order. Thus a tree had a four-digit code including the four factors. There were 4 evergreen gymnosperms which had only a little effect on building daylighting. Both the defoliation ratio of 0.69 and dominant species of most deciduous species showed primary deciduous trees were valuable to realize the balance of daylighting, ventilation and seasonal beauty. The result of small evergreen trees and large deciduous trees is valuable for both sunshine and green in winter as well as shading in summer. Most small trees on the west can be barrier against the hot sun on summer afternoon. Most large trees on the south are beneficial to southern shading and ventilation. Finally, the open space before window is necessary for daylighting and ventilation.

scholarly journals Field biology of the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus ): historical and current perspectives

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1372) ◽  
pp. 1081-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Grant ◽  
P. D. Temple–Smith
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Field Biology ◽  
Ornithorhynchus Anatinus ◽  
Eastern Australia

The field biology of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus , was first studied by a number of expatriate biologists who visited the Australian colonies to collect specimens in the 1800s. Their work was followed in the early to mid–1900s by a group of resident natural historians and later by an increasing number of academic biologists. All of these workers contributed significantly to the current understanding of the field biology of this unique Australian species. The platypus occupies much the same general distribution as it did prior to European occupation of Australia, except for its loss from the state of South Australia. However, local changes and fragmentation of distribution due to human modification of its habitat are documented. The species currently inhabits eastern Australia from around Cooktown in the north to Tasmania in the south. Although not found in the west–flowing rivers of northern Queensland, it inhabits the upper reaches of rivers flowing to the west and north of the dividing ranges in the south of the state and in New South Wales and Victoria. Its current and historical abundance, however, is less well known and it has probably declined in numbers, although still being considered as common over most of its current range. The species was extensively hunted for its fur until around this turn of this century. The platypus is mostly nocturnal in its foraging activities, being predominantly an opportunistic carnivore of benthic invertebrates. The species is homeothermic, maintaining its low body temperature (32°C), even while foraging for hours in water below 5°C. Its major habitat requirements include both riverine and riparian features which maintain a supply of benthic prey species and consolidated banks into which resting and nesting burrows can be excavated. The species exhibits a single breeding season, with mating occurring in late winter or spring and young first emerging into the water after 3—4 months of nurture by the lactating females in the nesting burrows. Natural history observations, mark and recapture studies and preliminary investigations of population genetics indicate the possibility of resident and transient members of populations and suggest a polygynous mating system. Recent field studies have largely confirmed and extended the work of the early biologists and natural historians.

Unification Trails and Heritage Tourism Potential in Nepal

Unity Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Keshav Bashyal ◽  
Ishwari Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local People ◽  
The West ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Historical Sites

By the end of the eighteenth and early twentieth century, Shah Kings of Nepal succeeded in bringing together several small kingdoms under the Gorkha rule. King Prithvi Narayan Shah and his successors– led Gorkhali troops fought wars and travelled through several routes and trails across the Trans–Himalayas to expand the vast geography from Gorkha to Tista River in the east and Kangra fort in the west. In this background, this paper examines the importance of the unification trails, the routes used by Gorkhali troops, to unify neighboring principalities that eventually developed into modern Nepal. The unification trails are less explored issues in Nepal. In recent years, they have become popular historical sites for trekkers, visitors, researchers and historians to explore how Gorkhali soldiers skillfully expanded the territory. This is a descriptive and exploratory study based on historical facts and secondary resources. This paper concludes that the unification trails have historical and contemporary relevance for research as well as tourism potential. As one of the crucial forces to revitalize these trails, Nepali Army has constantly engaged with local people, and thus, promoting tourism activities. It offers the local communities the pathways of connection, avenues for development, basis for serving the daily livelihood and increase of income for the medium and small size entrepreneurs, workers, and other disadvantaged groups located along these trails.

THE ROLE OF CLIMATE AND DISPERSAL IN THE INITIATION OF OUTBREAKS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM IN NEW BRUNSWICK: II. THE ROLE OF DISPERSAL

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Greenbank
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
The West ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Present Part

In Part I of this paper consideration was given to the role of climate in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. Analysis of the available weather data showed that the 1912 and 1949 outbreaks developed after several consecutive dry summers. Support was given to the theory of climatic release, which explains the time and place of outbreaks on a climatic basis. However, the recorded history of the spruce budworm also shows that high populations appeared in New Brunswick shortly after "spreading" through Quebec, and this suggests that the New Brunswick outbreaks are also a continuation of this spread. In the present part of the paper consideration is given to the role of dispersal. Moth dispersal is a more effective agent of spread than larval dispersal. Moths may be transported by convectional and turbulent air currents for long distances. Light traps used to detect the incidence of moth movements, showed that large segments of a population may be transferred from one area to another. Unspent females often predominate in these movements. Moth invasion was not detected before the 1949 outbreak although there is evidence from other sources that it occurred in 1948. When deposited in dense, mature, softwood stands, the moths can create outbreaks, but when deposited in young, open, or mixed-wood stands the ensuing high populations soon decline unless bolstered by repeated invasions. Populations in New Brunswick showed gradual and general increases as early as 1947. It is thought probable that these increases resulted from the build-up of local populations through climatic release. The nearest highly-populated centers were over 100 miles to the west in 1947. Later, invasion of moths from centers outside of the Province may have hastened the process.

scholarly journals Wind of Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanel Rander
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Local People ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Nuclear Missiles ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Way ◽  
Led Zeppelin

What remains of the Soviet identity for those who grew up in an empire that started in the Baltic sea and ended in Kamchatka? What kind of post-Soviet cultural combos have been produced afterwards? Was it bizarre to listen to Led Zeppelin and Nirvana while being targeted with nuclear missiles from the West? In a retrospective way and engaging with the collective memory of his home country, Estonia, the author reflects on different narratives of Europeanisation, shame and peripherality and the way local people embodied them.

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