scholarly journals Morphology and Population Characteristics of Vancouver Island Cougars, Puma concolor vancouverensis

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Steven F. Wilson ◽  
Apryl Hahn ◽  
Aaron Gladders ◽  
Karen M. L. Goh ◽  
David M. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Age And Sex

Cougars are a management concern on Vancouver Island because they are a top predator and because there have been frequent attacks on humans on the island. However, little is known about Cougar ecology in the Pacific Northwest of North America. We studied Cougar morphology and population characteristics as part of a larger study in two areas on Vancouver Island. We derived a multivariate measure of body size to describe changes with age and sex. Body size was similar in the two study areas. Survival rates for adult females were higher than those reported elsewhere; however, hunters avoided shooting females in general, and radio-collared Cougars in particular. Litter size at first detection was lower than reported in many other studies and may be related to food availability.Includes erratum for a figure in this article.

scholarly journals Erratum: Morphology and population characteristics of Vancouver Island Cougars, Puma concolor vancouverensis. (2004) 118(2): 159-163.

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Steven F. Wilson ◽  
Apryl Hahn ◽  
Aaron Gladders ◽  
Karen M. L. Goh ◽  
David M. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Population Characteristics

Replacement for figure 2 (body size vs. age), on page 161 of the indicated article.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal covariability in early ocean survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) along the west coast of North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1671-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Patrick Kilduff ◽  
Louis W. Botsford ◽  
Steven L. H. Teo
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Correlation Scale

Abstract Knowledge of the spatial and temporal extent of covariation in survival during the critical ocean entry stage will improve our understanding of how changing ocean conditions influence salmon productivity and management. We used data from the Pacific coastwide coded-wire tagging program to investigate local and regional patterns of ocean survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California to southeastern Alaska from 1980–2006. Ocean survival of fish migrating as subyearlings covaried strongly from Vancouver Island to California. Short-term correlations between adjacent regions indicated this covariability increased, beginning in the early 1990s. Chinook salmon survivals exhibited a larger spatial scale of variability (50% correlation scale: 706 km) than those reported for other northeast Pacific Ocean salmon. This scale is similar to that of environmental variables related to ecosystem productivity, such as summer upwelling (50% correlation scale: 746 km) and sea surface temperature (50% correlation scale: 500–600 km). Chinook salmon ocean survival rates from southeastern Alaska and south of Vancouver Island were not inversely correlated, in contrast to earlier observations based on catch data, but note that our data differ in temporal and spatial coverage from those studies. The increased covariability in Chinook salmon ocean survival suggests that the marine phase contributes little to the reduction in risk across populations attributable to the portfolio effect. In addition, survival of fish migrating as yearlings from the Columbia River covaried with Chinook salmon survival from the northernmost regions, consistent with our understanding of their migration patterns.

scholarly journals Comparison of Coastal Fringe and Interior Forests as Reserves for Marbled Murrelets on Vancouver Island

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Alan E. Burger ◽  
Volker Bahn ◽  
Angeline R. M. Tillmanns
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Brachyramphus Marmoratus ◽  
Marbled Murrelet ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Marbled Murrelets

Abstract Much of the protected habitat available to the threatened Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus and other old-growth associated species in the Pacific Northwest is in narrow strips along the coast (e.g., parks and scenic fringes). Using data over two years from three watersheds on southwest Vancouver Island, we show that such shoreline strip forests represent suboptimal habitat for murrelets. Murrelet detections, including circling and subcanopy behaviors, were significantly lower at 30 coastal stations (20–250 m from the shoreline edge) than at 30 interior stations (1.5–21.0 km inland). Densities of predators were significantly higher at the coastal stations. The coastal trees were of similar mean height and diameter, but they had lower structural diversity and provided fewer and less suitable (thinner epiphyte cover on large boughs) nesting platforms than trees in the interior. When possible, reserves for Marbled Murrelets should be placed in interior and not shoreline forests.

Timing and causes of mortality in the endangered Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A Bryant ◽  
Rick E Page
Keyword(s):  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Probability Of Death

We used radiotelemetry to evaluate seasonal survival rates and mortality factors for a critically endangered island endemic, the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis Swarth, 1911). Recovery of radio transmitters and marmot remains suggested that predation was the major cause of mortality, accounting for at least 24 of 29 (83%) known-fate deaths recorded since radiotelemetry efforts began in 1992. Wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758) and cougars (Puma concolor (L., 1771)) apparently accounted for 17 deaths (59%). Three marmots (10%) were killed by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos (L., 1758)), four (14%) were killed by unknown predators that probably included all of the above species, two (7%) died from unknown causes, and three (10%) died during hibernation in a single burrow. Mortality rates varied seasonally. The daily probability of death during hibernation was very low (Pdeath = 0.016). The probability of death was also low from spring emergence through 31 July (Pdeath = 0.051), but was eight times higher in August (Pdeath = 0.395) and four times higher in September (Pdeath = 0.175). We concluded that predation was the proximate cause of recent declines in wild Vancouver Island marmot populations, that losses were highly concentrated in late summer, and that previous studies exaggerated the importance of winter mortality. We suggest that high predation rates were associated with forestry and altered predator abundance and hunting patterns.

Morphological variation and taxonomy of chromosomally differentiated Peromyscus from the Pacific Northwest

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2734-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Allard ◽  
Ira F. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
The Pacific

Analysis of 28 morphological characters supports the existence of two karyotypically defined species of Peromyscus on Vancouver Island and islands in the Queen Charlotte Strait and the Strait of Georgia. Morphology of insular and mainland populations from Washington and British Columbia is congruent with karyotypic data indicating that only the smaller, low fundamental number deer mice should be retained with Peromyscus maniculatus, and that the larger, high fundamental number forms should be referred to Peromyscus areas. Accordingly, P. maniculatus ranges throughout Vancouver Island, is the only deer mouse inhabiting the islands of the Strait of Georgia, and occurs on some of the more northern small islands. Insular forms of P. areas occur on northern and western Vancouver Island and on the islands in the Queen Charlotte Strait. The existence of two species in this geographic area indicates the need for a revision of the subspecific taxonomy. From the patterns of morphological variation among the examined populations of karyotypically characterized individuals, we offer hypotheses that should be tested in the development of formal intraspecific taxonomic decisions.

Spatial and temporal factors affecting survival in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Pacific Northwest

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2067-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claribel Coronado ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ocean Conditions

Survival rates for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were estimated for all coded wire tag release groups in the Pacific Northwest between 1971 and 1990. The spatial and temporal patterns show considerable geographic variation, with most regions south of northern British Columbia showing declining survival since 1983, while northern areas have shown increasing survival during that period. The number of years of operation explained very little of the variation in survival, and many hatcheries showed major increases in survival after several years of operation. Survival of marked wild fish generally showed the same trend as hatchery fish. We conclude that the dominant factor affecting coho salmon survival since the 1970s is ocean conditions and that there are major geographic differences in the pattern of ocean conditions. The decline in survival seen in British Columbia and south over the last decade suggests that a major reduction in exploitation rates is necessary to maintain the populations.

Hydrographic Charting and Oceanography on the West Coast of Canada from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Robert W. Sandilands
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
The West ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Formative Years

Those participating in this Congress are aware of the leadership of Rear-Admiral George Henry Richards in mounting the Challenger Expedition, which he himself regarded as the crowning achievement of his career. However, he also has a very special place in the history and development of British Columbia and it can fairly be said that his work in the Pacific Northwest was the major achievement of his sea-going career. His service on the coast covered the short period 1857 to 1863, but these were formative years in the development of the west coast colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia.

The Bramble Leaf hopper, Typhlocyba tenerrima H.-S. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), A Destructive European Insect New to the Pacific Northwest

1950 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Andison
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Leaf Hopper ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Fraser Valley

In July, 1947, a leafhopper was found causing serious injury to the foliage of loganberries in the Brentwood area of Vancouver Island, B.C. A survey made at that time in southern Vancouver Island showed that this species was widely distributed, and that it occurred also on raspberries and blackberries. In 1948 it was again found injuring loganberries on Vancouver Island and was found also in the lower Fraser Valley; and in 1949 it was observed 40 miles north of Victoria, at Cowichan Bay, feeding on wild blackberry. It is probable that this species had been present in the coastal area of British Columbia for some time before it was first observed in 1947 causing economic damage.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence That the Range of the Vancouver Island Outbreak ofCryptococcus gattiiInfection Has Expanded into the Pacific Northwest in the United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond J. Byrnes III ◽  
Robert J. Bildfell ◽  
Sheryl A. Frank ◽  
Thomas G. Mitchell ◽  
Kieren A. Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
The Pacific
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