scholarly journals Cell therapy in gastroenterology

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nasadyuk
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Fibrosis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Technologies ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The article highlights the up-to-date literary data about the role of tissue and circulating stem cells in the processes of regeneration and carcinogenesis of gastric mucosa and intestine and development of liver and pancreatic fibrosis. The paper also presents the novel methods of treatment of common gastrointestinal diseases with the use of cell and gene technologies.

scholarly journals Cellular Mediators of Inflammation: Tregs andTH17Cells in Gastrointestinal Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Pandolfi ◽  
Rossella Cianci ◽  
Danilo Pagliari ◽  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Giovanni Cammarota
Keyword(s):  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mediators

Human lymphocyte subpopulations were originally classified as T- and B-cells in the 70s. Later, with the development of monoclonal antibodies, it became possible to recognize, within the T-cells, functional populations:CD4+andCD8+. These populations were usually referred to as “helper” and “suppressor” cells, respectively. However several investigations within the CD8 cells failed to detect a true suppressor activity. Therefore the term suppressor was neglected because it generated confusion. Much later, true suppressor activity was recognized in a subpopulation of CD4 cells characterized by high levels of CD25. The novel population is usually referred to as T regulatory cells (Tregs) and it is characterized by the expression of FoxP3. The heterogeneity of CD4 cells was further expanded by the recent description of a novel subpopulation characterized by production of IL-17. These cells are generally referred to asTH17. They contribute to regulate the overall immune response together with other cytokine-producing populations. Treg andTH17cells are related because they could derive from a common progenitor, depending on the presence of certain cytokines. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings of the role of these novel populations in the field of human gastroenterological disease.

scholarly journals The p53/miR-145a Axis Promotes Cellular Senescence and Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation by Targeting Cbfb in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Xia ◽  
Tianyuan Jiang ◽  
Yonghui Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Chen ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Core Binding Factor Beta

The osteogenic differentiation capacity of senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is reduced. p53 not only regulates cellular senescence but also functions as a negative regulator in bone formation. However, the role of p53 in MSCs senescence and differentiation has not been extensively explored. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of p53 in MSCs senescence and osteogenic differentiation. We found that p53 was upregulated during cellular senescence and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs respectively induced by H2O2 and BMP9. Similarly, the expression of p53-induced miR-145a was increased significantly. Furthermore, Overexpression of miR-145a in MSCs promoted cellular senescence and inhibited osteogenic differentiation. Then, we identified that p53-induced miR-145a inhibited osteogenic differentiation by targeting core binding factor beta (Cbfb), and the restoration of Cbfb expression rescued the inhibitory effects of miRNA-145a. In summary, our results indicate that p53/miR-145a axis exert its functions both in promoting senescence and inhibiting osteogenesis of MSCs, and the novel p53/miR-145a/Cbfb axis in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs may represent new targets in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Tissue Repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 2022-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guifang Zhao ◽  
Yiwen Ge ◽  
Chenyingnan Zhang ◽  
Leyi Zhang ◽  
Junjie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Tissue Specific

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells with self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, which can differentiate into tissue-specific cells under physiological conditions, maintaining tissue self-renewal and physiological functions. They play a role in the pathological condition by lateral differentiation into tissue-specific cells, replacing damaged tissue cells by playing the role of a regenerative medicine , or repairing damaged tissues through angiogenesis, thereby, regulating immune responses, inflammatory responses, and inhibiting apoptosis. It has become an important seed cell for tissue repair and organ reconstruction, and cell therapy based on MSCs has been widely used clinically. The study found that the probability of stem cells migrating to the damaged area after transplantation or differentiating into damaged cells is very low, so the researchers believe the leading role of stem cell transplantation for tissue repair is paracrine secretion, secreting growth factors, cytokines or other components. Exosomes are biologically active small vesicles secreted by MSCs. Recent studies have shown that they can transfer functional proteins, RNA, microRNAs, and lncRNAs between cells, and greatly reduce the immune response. Under the premise of promoting proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, they play a repair role in tissue damage, which is caused by a variety of diseases. In this paper, the biological characteristics of exosomes (MSCs-exosomes) derived from mesenchymal stem cells, intercellular transport mechanisms, and their research progress in the field of stem cell therapy are reviewed.

Analysis of the efficiency of the application of cell therapy for local radiation injurie

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
V. Brunchukov ◽  
T. Astrelina ◽  
A. Samoylov
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Independent Method ◽  
Radiation Injuries ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Every year the proportion of radiation therapy as an independent method of radical treatment of cancer patients is increasing. Exposure to radiation as a result of medical treatment can lead to the development in patients of local radiation injuries (LRJ) (radiation reactions) on the skin and surrounding tissues. Today, there is no standard treatment for LRJ, known methods are ineffective In this regard, research aimed at finding effective methods of treatment leading to accelerated wound healing, a decrease in inflammation and a decrease in fibrosis is relevant. In recent years, there has been an active study of the effectiveness of the use of cell therapy, including mesenchymal stem cells, their cell products, minimally manipulated cell products, etc., in complex therapy for local radiation injuries. In the presented literature review, the effectiveness of the use of cellular products in local radiation damage to the skin caused by sources of ionizing radiation is considered. Bibliographic searches of works were carried out on the basis of the PubMed portal, published in the period from 2015 to August 2020.

The Role of Stem Cells in the Therapy of Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ejma ◽  
Natalia Madetko ◽  
Anna Brzecka ◽  
Piotr Alster ◽  
Sławomir Budrewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Future Therapy

Background: Stroke is a major challenge in neurology due to its multifactorial genesis and irreversible consequences. Processes of endogenous post-stroke neurogenesis, although insufficient, may indicate possible direction of future therapy. Multiple research considers stem-cell-based approaches in order to maximize neuroregeneration and minimize post-stroke deficits. Objective: Aim of this study is to review current literature considering post-stroke stem-cell- based therapy and possibilities of inducing neuroregeneration after brain vascular damage. Methods: Papers included in this article were obtained from PubMed and MEDLINE databases. The following medical subject headings (MeSH) were used: “stem cell therapy”, “post-stroke neurogenesis”, “stem-cells stroke”, “stroke neurogenesis”, “stroke stem cells”, “stroke”, “cell therapy”, “neuroregeneration”, “neurogenesis”, “stem-cell human”, “cell therapy in human”. Ultimate inclusion was made after manual review of the obtained reference list. Results: Attempts of stimulating neuroregeneration after stroke found in current literature include supporting endogenous neurogenesis, different routes of exogenous stem cells supplying and extracellular vesicles used as a method of particle transport. Conclusion: Although further research in this field is required, post stroke brain recovery supported by exogenous stem cells seems to be promising future therapy revolutionizing modern neurology.

scholarly journals The Novel Role of SERPINB9 in Cytotoxic Protection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 2252-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib El Haddad ◽  
Robert Moore ◽  
Dean Heathcote ◽  
Marwan Mounayar ◽  
Jamil Azzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
The Novel
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