scholarly journals Latvia’s progress towards a retirement society: ageing trends in Latvian municipalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Gunta Grube ◽  
◽  
Juris Paiders ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Generational Change ◽  
Central Statistical

This paper analyses the ageing of the population, which may become one of the most important social changes of the 21st century in the European Union. This work uses statistics from the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) of Latvia, as well as statistics prepared by the State Social Insurance Agency of Latvia (SSIA). The results suggest that t the economic development and the stabilisation of employment in Riga and Riga region in the second decade of the 21st century was ensured not by generational change or migration, but by the inclusion of members of the population who had previously been economically inactive into the labour market. This may lead to the conclusion that around 2030, the ageing of the population will become one of the most serious problems in Pieriga.

scholarly journals Assessing the Level of Renewable Energy Development in the European Union Member States. A 10-Year Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3765
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak ◽  
Peter Bindzár
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
European Union Countries

The global economic development is, to a great extent, dependent on access to large amounts of cheap energy sources. The growing social awareness of ecology and the enormous damage to the Earth’s ecosystem due to the production of energy from conventional sources have forced fundamental changes in the energy sector. Renewable energy is considered to be an opportunity for such changes. The current state of the art allows such changes to be made without restricting economic development. Therefore, activities related to the energy transition are being taken all over the world. The European Union has definitely managed to achieve the most tangible effects in this regard. This article presents the findings of the research aimed at presenting the current state of renewable energy in the European Union and analyzing the changes reported in this sector in the last decade. The research was carried out using a selected set of 11 indicators characterizing renewable energy in individual countries. These indicators were selected on the basis of literature review and own studies of the state of renewable energy and its development prospects. Based on these indicators, changes in the energy structure of individual European Union countries between 2008–2018 were determined. The study is divided into two main stages. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used for the first analysis. In turn, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was adopted to assess the level of renewable energy development in the European Union countries. Both these methods and the extended statistical analysis were applied to determine the state of renewable energy development in the European Union countries in the studied period and to divide the Member States into classes with different levels of development. The results of the study showed that the EU countries are characterized by significant differences in the development of RES during the period in question. The unquestionable leaders in this respect are Sweden, Austria, Finland, and Latvia. Based on the findings, it is possible to evaluate the effects of activities related to renewable energy development and to prepare assumptions for future activities. Additionally, both the research and its findings broaden the knowledge of the directions of renewable energy development in individual European Union countries. This is particularly important in the context of changes related to the need to reduce harmful substance emissions and the implementation of the European Green Deal idea.

Into the Vicious Cycle of Precarity: Labour Market, Precarious Work, Social Vulnerability and Youth: The case of Greece within the EU context

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 474-496
Author(s):  
Nikos Papadakis ◽  
Maria Drakaki ◽  
Sofia Saridaki ◽  
Vassilis Dafermos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
The Impact

Ιn the last decade, there has been a widespread expansion of both precarious work and precarious forms of employment (such as temporary and low-qualified jobs, seasonal and part-time jobs etc.), in which a growing share of young people work. The impact of precarious work on young people is likely to be permanent, while it seems to affect (even over-determine) their life courses. Non-smooth and early transitions into labour market are very likely to worsen progressively their long-term life chances (Lodovici & Semenza, 2012: 7). Undoubtedly, the long-lasting global economic Crisis and the subsequent Recession, has heavily affected the state of play in the labour market worldwide, provoking severe modifications both in the field of employment and countries’ social cohesion. Based on the above mentioned, the paper deals with precarious work in general, while it emphasizes precarious work among youth. It initially captures, briefly, the state of play in terms of the impact of the Crisis on the widening of the phenomenon of precarious work and then it focuses on theoretical insights and critical conceptual definitions concerning precariousness in the labour market. Further, based on secondary quantitative -data analysis, it analyses the key- parameters and facets of precarious work (focusing on youth) in the European Union and, mainly, in Greece. Additionally, it briefly presents parameters of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on precariousness in Greece. Finally, the paper explores the correlation between precarious work and social vulnerability, especially among young people. The present paper is based on an ongoing Research Project. More specifically, this research is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund- ESF) through the Operational Programme «Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020» in the context of the project “Precarious Work and Youth in today’s Greece: secondary quantitative analysis, qualitative filed research and research-based policy proposals” (MIS 5048510).

scholarly journals The Growing Importance of the Financial Sector in the Founding Countries of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (26) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Tomasz Florczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union

The economies of the 21st century countries operate on the principle of connected vessels. A significant element of changes in economies is the growth of the financial sector. The process of financial sector growth is often referred as financialization. The significant impact of this sector on economic development was shown during the financial crisis of 2008. Financialization is more visible in highly developed countries. Undoubtedly the founding countries of the European Union belong to highly developed countries. It is possible that the financialization is higher in bigger countries like France, Germany, Italy or United Kingdom, which can also have bigger financial sectors. From the other side there is also country, which economy is based on banks. The aim of the article is to indicate the growth of the financial sector in the founding countries of the European Union. To determine the growth of the financial sector, the author used the indicators appearing in the literature of subject. There are indicators relating to functioning of the economy and banking sector. The second method helps to determine in which country financialization is higher. To made the research there was used zero unitarization method. The results of the study allows to determine in which of the subjects the financial sector is at a higher level of development. It is possible, that during researched period there were changes in financializiation of researched countries.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE ON ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION OF DISPROPORTATION OF REGIONS DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3(68)) ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
I.A. TSYNALIEVSKA ◽  
ZH.G. NAUMENKO
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Regional ◽  
The Eu ◽  
State Regional Policy

Topicality. One of the main tasks of the state regional policy is to stimulate the development of the regions, and, taking into account the successful experience of the European Union countries on this issue, the primary task and the main goal of the state regional policy should be connected with to reduction of disproportions of social and ecological and economic development. Balanced development of the regions is a necessary prerequisite to achieve the effectiveness of the state regional policy, which will ensure the social and economic development of the country as a whole. State regional policy requires that achievement of its goals should be gained by means of modern mutually interconnected mechanisms, as well as, provision of them with all the necessary resources for their implementation. Taking into account the experience of developed countries and the goals set in many normative and strategic documents of Ukraine on reducing the disproportionate development of regions, it is necessary to consider positive trends in preventing and overcoming divergent processes on the basis of reducing regional development imbalances in a context of the administrative-territorial reform of Ukraine and creation of new effective tools for legal and institutional structural impact on the development of regions of Ukraine. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study an experience of the European Union countries regarding the assessment of disproportionality in development of regions and measures aimed at reducing regional development imbalances, as well as the implementation of such experience in accordance with Ukrainian realities. Moreover, a scope of objectives of the current study includes allocation mechanisms of regional policy of the EU according to characteristics of the areas that are subject to state intervention for a further implementation of the positive experience of the EU countries in the aspect of overcoming the disproportions of regional development, as well as, development of practical recommendations for improving institutional support and assessment tools for measuring disparities of regional development in Ukraine. Research results. A foreign experience regarding assessment of regional disproportions is being considered within the article. Approaches to selection of indicators for assessment of disproportionality of regional development and features for definition of indicators, which perform as stimulators or as de-stimulators in different countries depending on local features of territorial development, - are analyzed. It was found that the practical difficulties arising from the use of GRP per capita, as a universal indicator characterizing the level of economic development of the region in the EU countries, - are related to a difficulty in choosing of method for determining the of output volume in conditions where activity goes beyond regional boundaries because of the fact that national statistical offices apply different approaches to calculation of this indicator. It was established that the development of a method for assessing of intra-regional disproportionality in the development of regions in Ukraine is complicated due to lack of a necessary statistical base provided by all necessary indicators at all levels; therefore, the proposed algorithm for comparing statistical information on monitoring of different levels of development of the country's territories will enable further development of a set of mechanisms that will stimulate socio-ecological and economic development at the regional level and will increase a regional competitiveness. The article provides recommendations on methodical provision of state evaluation of disproportionate development of the regions of the country; and proposes an algorithm for the implementation of statistical information on monitoring the levels of development of regions based on the European experience of organizing statistical and territorial division on economic grounds. Conclusions. It has been established that in different countries of the European Union there are different approaches and methods used to identify areas in which disproportions of development are inherent; factors that serve as a source of developmental imbalances are also perceived differently, hence the choice of indicators that can be used to measure the detected imbalances is a subject of consideration by each EU country separately. In some EU countries, as in Ukraine, there is a problem with the collection and processing of statistical information at the NUTS III level, which corresponds to the Ukrainian administrative-territorial division of rayon level (district) or a group of rayons (group of districts). Development of the method for assessing of intra regional disproportionality in the development of regions in Ukraine is complicated due to lack of adequate statistical base provided with all necessary indicators at all levels, therefore the proposed, within the current study, - algorithm for comparing statistical information on monitoring of different levels of development of territories of the country will provide further development of a set of mechanisms that will stimulate social and ecological and economic development and increase the regional competitiveness. Methodological basis for assessing of disproportionality of a regional development is the subject for further research in this area and provide a perspective for a study of intra-regional disproportions of development as a separate issue in the context of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine.

MODERN TRENDS FOR ASSESSING THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
I. V. KARAVAEVA ◽  
◽  
E. A. IVANOV ◽  
M. Yu. LEV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
First Time

The paper considers the issues of adjusting the target and maximum permissible (critical) indicators of the state of economic security of Russia, taking into account the current legislative documents of the Russian Federation and the European Union, additions to the parameters and criteria of economic security proposed in the decrees and messages of the President of the Russian Federation. The article examines the main financial and economic indicators of Russia in comparison with indicators of economic security parameters and thresholds for 10 years. For the first time, an analysis of the monitoring and assessment of the state of economic security conducted by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia is being carried out.

THE ESSENCE OF CONSUMER EDUCATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Liga Danilane
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Material Values

Social changes associated with joining the European Union, opening Latvia’s borders, accession to international organizations, exchange of intellectual and material values challenge the targeted improvement of education system for creation and consumption of values. This process is focused on development of a personality who is capable of self-deter-mination, therefore, able to choose independently own strategy of develop-ment and self-realization in the market economy relations, especially in terms of today's changing circumstances of global economic crisis. The 21st century comes with modernization of equipment, increasing amount of information, new opportunities for mobility and growth of globalization processes; as a result, people's attitudes change, respected values and goals of life transform, which, in turn, puts forward new requirements for education in connection with basic principles of humanistic pedagogy.

Digital State Strategy

2022 ◽  
pp. 435-488
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Smart City ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Configuration

The purpose of this chapter is to characterize indicators used to advance the computerization of various countries in the European Union (EU) and across the globe. To this end, typical state computerization configurations are classified, and graphical models of critical computerization application systems are presented for each type. Smart city concepts are included in one of the configurations. The chapter begins by examining the history of the development of computerization in the state. It then discusses how, in the 21st century, computerization has changed the relationship between governments and businesses. Next, criteria for assessing computerization are discussed. This is followed by a discussion of different computerization configurations, including the state offline configuration (SOFC), state online configuration (SONC), state integrated configuration (SITC), and others. The chapter concludes by examining Poland's state configuration, which aimed at helping their economic strategy during 2016-2020.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL-BUDGET AND STRATEGIC PLANNING OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ON SMART-SPECIALIZATION FACILITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Tetiana DALEVSKA
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
State Fund

Introduction. In the conditions of the economy cyclicality and the imbalance of financial and economic relations, it is necessary to consider budget planning as one of the most important state regulation tools of the country’s socio-economic development. The issue of financial-budgetary planning is largely used separately from strategic planning issues. In addition, in modern economic science, Ukrainian scholars have not disclosed the question of its combination with the approaches of strategic planning of regional development, which is carried out on the basis of smart specialization. Purpose. To reveal approaches of improving the methodology of financial and budgetary planning by defining approaches of strengthening its interrelation with strategic planning on the basis of smart specialization, which will promote the effective use of the resourses of state regional development fund, increase the level region’ economic and innovative growth. Results. Financial-budgetary planning is a key instrument for managing the country’s financial system, which is closely linked to socio-economic and strategic planning of regional development, in particular. Currently, among the sources of regional development financing there resourses of the state fund of regional development, local budgets, international technical assistance (sectoral support programs, projects funded from the funds of the European Union). In 2019 30.8 bln UAH will be allocated for regional development (for comparison, in 2018 – UAH 25.4 billion). The largest amount of budget funds of the state fund of regional development in 2015–2018 was directed to financing projects in the field of education – 1066 million UAH, road infrastructure – 812.5 million UAH, physical culture – 284.4 million UAH, social protection – 100, 1 mln. UAH. At the same time,projects dedicated to the development of the economy, creation of new industries, development and implementation of innovations are remained unfulfilled. Today, in the European Union, the condition for obtaining funds for financing regional development is the availability of smart specialization strategy. Partnership, dialogue between business, science, public and government is a key condition for smart specialization. Conclusions. Financial and budgetary planning should be regarded as an instrument of state regulation of socio-economic development, which is represented by a set of organizational, methodological measures for determining the volumes, sources and directions of using budget funds in accordance with the results of strategic planning of regional development on the basis of smart specialization in order to ensure sustainable, innovative, economic development of regions.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
O. Nikolyuk ◽  
A. Livinsky
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article analyzes the state of development of agrarian production in Ukraine. It is determined that the most difficult issues are the questions of adaptation of the domestic agricultural sector of the economy to the conditions and requirements of the European Union. The indexes, which characterize the development of the research potential of the industrial infrastructure of agrarian production, are analyzed. It is defined that in Ukraine the tendencies towards increasing the level of social and economic development of agrarian production continue to grow. However, they are growing not fast enough. They are also uneven in the type and component aspect. Such situation requires the implementation of a levelling regulatory effect.

scholarly journals Funkcja turystyczna jako kierunek dywersyfikacji funkcji wiejskich obszarów przygranicznych wschodniej Polski

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Agata Balińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Peripheral Areas

The area of eastern Poland, especially the area lying in the immediate vicinity of the state border, is also the eastern borderland of the European Union. It has all the features typical of peripheral areas. Difficult opportunities for economic development make tourism more important. The aim of the article is to assess the development of the tourist function in the poviats along the eastern Polish border. Its level in particular poviats is varied, as illustrated by indicators. The analysis of indicators was supplemented with the presentation of information obtained from surveys made on a sample of 600 inhabitants of this area. The results of the survey indicated that the inhabitants expect the development of a tourist function and are able to properly assess the benefi ts and problems resulting from it.

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