scholarly journals The changing face of expertise and the need for knowledge transfer

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. C03 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Berditchevskaia ◽  
Cindy Regalado ◽  
Stephan Van Duin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
New Public ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Personal Accounts

New public participatory modes of practice are emerging in fields as diverse as politics, healthcare and research. In part, these DIY and citizen-led initiatives have gained momentum from the optimism of new technologies, which allow unprecedented access to previously inaccessible knowledge and tools. Equally, they are the result of a growing frustration with power hierarchies and systems that reinforce elites. Experts are increasingly regarded with suspicion as trust in public institutions is eroded and individuals begin to give more weight to personal accounts, and information shared within networks of peers. In this climate there is a critical need for improved knowledge transfer practices based on improved empathy, understanding and communication of shared values and motivations. In this session we questioned the role of expertise in a changing landscape of knowledge production and practice. Using the lens of science & technology communication and hands-on DIY practices, we explored how to move towards a more inclusive model of knowledge transfer, where different types of expertise are acknowledged and valued.

Democratic E-Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Public ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
New Public Governance ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Changing Role

The changing role of the state and a managerialist view of the operations of public sector organizations gave rise to the idea of new public governance. Gradually more citizencentered views of governance also emerged, reflecting a need to strengthen the role of citizens and communities in governance processes at different institutional levels. This development, especially since the mid-1990’s, has been affected by new technologies, leading to a kind of coevolution of institutional arrangements and technological solutions that have paved the way for a better understanding of the potentials of democratic e-governance.

American Electronic Constitution

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortunato Musella
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Difference

The chapter is dedicated at analyzing the strategic use of new technologies in the United States. An evident synergy has been noted between the digital policy projects and the neo-liberal ideology wave that has traced origin in the fiscal crisis of the State in the 1970s. About four decades have transformed some political directions in true imperatives: public sector downsizing, cost-cutting in public agencies, decision-making privatization, and the principle of efficiency as a measure of collective action. If new public management has been imposed as a dominant paradigm for administrative restructuring, ICTs programs sustain reform objectives by putting emphasis on the sure advantages of technological applications. In addition to this, administrative reforms seem to be in continuity with some American historical tradition, in reasserting a central role of private actor in public activities and realizing a significant “fusion of political and economic power”. Digital era seems to have added a new chapter to the American corporate liberalism history, with the difference – and the aggravating circumstance – that private organizations have now more powerful instruments to control and regulate society. New technological instruments seem to be used essentially to produce a neo-liberal interpretation of government activities.

Democratic E-Governance

2005 ◽  
pp. 791-796
Author(s):  
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Public ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
New Public Governance ◽  
Governance Processes ◽  
Changing Role

The changing role of the state and a managerialist view of the operations of public-sector organizations gave rise to the idea of new public governance. Gradually, more citizen-centered views of governance also emerged, reflecting a need to strengthen the role of citizens and communities in governance processes at different institutional levels. This development, especially since the mid-1990s, has been affected by new technologies, leading to a kind of coevolution of institutional arrangements and technological solutions that have paved the way for a better understanding of the potentials of democratic e-governance.

Change through Innovation and Customer-Orientation

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-92
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types

This chapter begins by explaining the nature of innovation and basic models of innovation, including key stages in the process of innovation. As the construction industry is often regarded as different from other industries given its unique characteristics, innovation in construction is discussed in terms of motivation for the industry’s Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) to innovate, key organizational capabilities required for innovation, and external and internal factors critical to successful innovation. In addition, the common enablers, barriers, motivators, and outcomes of innovation in the construction industry are discussed. Understandably, as the role of clients in the construction industry is vital in many ways in driving to improve performance of projects, the chapter focuses on their role in driving innovation. The different types and categories of clients are described, as well as their roles in different types of innovations, and at different stages of innovation. The chapter also covers the role of technology in innovation and, more specifically, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) as an important technological innovation for the construction industry. At the organizational level, factors that can affect the rate of diffusion of a new technology within construction SMEs are explained. At the project level, factors that impact on innovative IT implementation and diffusion are also explained. Next, innovation and its role in enabling construction businesses to gain competitive advantages are discussed. The need to classify construction innovation and how it can encourage businesses to innovate by adopting appropriate strategies are explained through a case of Singapore’s construction industry. In addition, the need for and application of strategies, policies, and procedures to deal with IT in managing construction site processes are described in a study of UK’s leading construction companies. On achieving continuous improvement as a whole for the industry, issues relating to innovation, including reasons for the lack of it, are discussed and presented. On managing change, focus on the “people” factor of innovation, especially the need to develop capability of staff to use new technologies, is given. The chapter concludes with a summary of the main points covered on change through innovation and customer-orientation.

Jain Identity and the Public Sphere in Nineteenth-Century India

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-137
Author(s):  
John E. Cort
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Arya Samaj

The author focuses on the creation of a new sense of religious identity across Indian religions over the nineteenth century, analysing in particular the process in which a pan-Indian concept of being ‘Jain’ developed. The chapter discusses two conflictual cases that turned around whether or not it is proper for Jains to worship icons of the Jinas. The cases involved Ḍhuṇḍhiyā or Sthānakvāsī and Mūrtipūjak Jains, critiques and proponents of icon worship, and, in the case of the second dispute, also the founder of the Arya Samaj, Dayanand Saraswati. Whereas in the 1820s, identity was primarily defined by caste, sixty years later the common identity was that of shared religious belonging. Demonstrating the role of the new public sphere, the author argues that two colonialism-driven projects came together here, the introduction of the British legal system, and the introduction of new technologies of travel, communication, and dissemination of information.

scholarly journals The theatre, (art) and science: between amazement and applause!

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. C07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Fruguglietti
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Even Start ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Hands On

There have been countless innovations in the realm of science museology after the foundation of the Exploratorium of San Francisco and of the Ontario Science Center of Toronto with, among other things, the introduction of the exhibits hands-on, the use of new technologies and the arrival of virtuality.But most of all a new dialogue was launched, also as a form of transformation of reality. And what is drama but fiction and transformation of reality?This statement is the basis for the belief that museums and the theatre should continue, if not even start, a path to move closer, so as to make their languages work at the service of each other.A dialogical interaction which is difficult (as both languages and their interpreters crave for superiority), strong (the place for communication becomes multi-channel), but necessary (in view of a systemic approach of science communication).It is necessary especially to build an all-encompassing museum to fully play a sociological role of study, interpretation and determination of human society.

Public Sector Performance in the Nigerian Downstream Oil Sector: A Critical Reflection

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeoye O Akinola ◽  
Henry Wissink
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
New Public ◽  
Public Sector Performance ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
Oil Sector

Despite successive attempts to effectively manage Nigeria’s downstream oil sector by strengthening the country’s institutional capacity, the Nigerian public institutions remain ineffective, inefficient, wasteful, incapacitated, inept, unprofessional and uninspired to drive the reform in the downstream oil sector. Public institutions have failed to successively oversee management of the downstream oil sector. This paper draws on the new public management theory and unstructured interviews to assess the role of public institutions in the distribution and marketing segments of the oil sector. It concludes that poor public sector performance is responsible for the crisis in the oil industry that led to subsidy cuts and efforts to deregulate the downstream oil sector.

Pheromones and other semiochemicals of ticks and their use in tick control

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S405-S425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. SONENSHINE
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Host Identification

This review addresses the role of compounds secreted into the external environment that mediate important aspects of tick behaviour. Known as semiochemicals, these information-containing compounds include pheromones (used for conspecific communication), allomones (defence secretions) and kairomones (used for host identification and location). An impressive body of knowledge has accumulated concerning the identification of the compounds that comprise these semiochemicals. Pheromones are the best known and intensively studied, including arrestment (=assembly) pheromones, attraction–aggregation–attachment (AAA) pheromones and sex pheromones. Arrestment behaviour is mediated by contact with excreta from other ticks. In contrast, aggregating and sexual behaviours comprise a hierarchy of responses to different types of chemical compounds that must be recognized in a sequential order to achieve the end result. Ixodid ticks also produce an allomone that protects against certain insect predators. Finally, ticks use kairomones for host identification, e.g. volatiles such as CO2 and NH3 and various oils such as glandular secretions from deer. Knowledge of tick pheromones has been used to develop innovative new technologies for tick control. These products incorporate tick pheromones and small amounts of pesticide to attract and kill ticks on their hosts or in vegetation. The kairomones and the tick allomone also may be of interest for use in controlling ticks.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

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