scholarly journals Conflicting interests: research, profits, information, health

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. F01
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Sturloni ◽  
Nico Pitrelli
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Conflicting Interests

On 15 September 2001, thirteen major international journals, coordinated by the International Committee of Medical Journals Editors (ICMJE), published a joint editorial titled "Sponsorship, authorship, and accountability". Unfortunately, only four days from the tragedy of 9-11, there is no room in the media for other news. In the scientific world, however, the content of that editorial sets off an alarm: the conflict of interest undermines the objectivity of biomedical research and the credibility of international journals vouchsafeing the quality of that research. (Translated by Andrea Cavatorti, Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, Trieste, Italy.)

scholarly journals To Cheat or Not to Cheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Gabor B. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Public Grant ◽  
Apparent Conflict

There has been a recent uproar about falsified data in biomedical research. This occurs with some regularity, and even Congress has been aroused recently with the justification that the perpetrators and the universities where they worked had received public grant monies. The incidents may have been relatively few in numbers, but the fires have been fanned by the media. Less publicized, but perhaps more disturbing is the apparent conflict of interest spread by many new biotechnology companies. Researchers who develop and evaluate their products are frequently given substantial chunks of the companies whose products they are testing.

scholarly journals Conflict of interest policies and disclosure requirements in neurosurgical journals

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine P. de Lotbiniere-Bassett ◽  
Jay Riva-Cambrin ◽  
Patrick J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Biomedical Journals ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Journal Policies

OBJECTIVEAn increasing amount of funding in neurosurgery research comes from industry, which may create a conflict of interest (COI) and the potential to bias results. The reporting and handling of COIs have become difficult, particularly as explicit policies themselves and definitions thereof continue to vary between medical journals. In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the prevalence and comprehensiveness of COI policies among leading neurosurgical journals.METHODSThe authors conducted a cross-sectional study of publicly available online disclosure policies in the 20 highest-ranking neurosurgical journals, as determined by Google Scholar Metrics, in July 2016.RESULTSOverall, 89.5% of the highest-impact neurosurgical journals included COI policy statements. Ten (53%) journals requested declaration of nonfinancial conflicts, while 2 journals specifically set a time period for COIs. Sixteen journals required declaration from the corresponding author, 13 from all authors, 6 from reviewers, and 5 from editors. Four journals were included in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) list of publications that follow the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (currently known as Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals). Five journal policies included COI declaration verification, management, or enforcement. The neurosurgery journals with more comprehensive COI policies were significantly more likely to have higher h5-indices (p = 0.003) and higher impact factors (p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSIn 2016, the majority of, but not all, high-impact neurosurgical journals had publically available COI disclosure policies. Policy inclusiveness and comprehensiveness varied substantially across neurosurgical journals, but COI comprehensiveness was associated with other established markers of individual journals’ favorability and influence, such as impact factor and h5-index.

scholarly journals Anything to declare? Border stories on the conflict of interest

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. F02
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Sturloni
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
The Future

On September 15, 2001, a joint editorial simultaneously published in thirteen medical journals, pointed an accusing finger at the increasing pressures coming from the pharmaceutical industry. During past decades, a key role in trial design and conduct was played by independent clinical investigators working in academic medical centres. They were also able to vouchsafe the quality of their research, which might not, however, be the case in the future.

scholarly journals Kunnskapsbasert forvaltning og dilemmaer knyttet til usikkerhet

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Maiken Bjørkan ◽  
Kjellrun Hiis Hauge
Keyword(s):  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Stock Level ◽  
Farmed Salmon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Salmon Lice ◽  
The Media ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
Quality Of Research

Major value conflicts have been played out in the media about farmed salmon in Norway. One of the main controversies is whether salmon lice from aquaculture pens significantly affect the survival of wild salmon at stock level. Research related to this topic, which is key to knowledge-based management of aquaculture in Norway, has been criticized. The quality of this research has been claimed to be low and not applicable, and even claims of misconduct have been expressed. Besides conflicting interests, we argue that uncertainty is the core of the controversy. In this chapter we look at statements in selected texts from articles, reports and the media which can be linked to uncertainty and quality in research related to the effects of salmon lice. We discuss these statements in terms of qualitative aspects of uncertainty in knowledge. Further, we discuss the roles of these uncertainties in terms of selected principles within research ethics: in communication of uncertainty, the precautionary principle and quality of research.

scholarly journals Features of the choice of indicators in marketing research of the consumer market for publishing products

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Nechitaylo ◽  
Tatiana Yu. Deptsova ◽  
Anna A. Gnutova ◽  
Natalia V. Priadilnikova
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Search And Selection

In the scientific world, there has long been a debate about which of the methods of collecting primary information is the most flexible and reliable, but all attempts to reduce the assessment of the quality of the survey on average to a specific technique for collecting information, a research plan, the type of data analysis or the nature of the use of the information obtained did not justify themselves. The authors consider the survey method of J. Gallup, who was one of the first to use customer surveys specifically for market research. The Gallup method has certain advantages over other methods and has been continued within the framework of the theory of latent variables. The article describes two types of models with latent variables: models with effect indicators and models with cause indicators, which are used to effectively promote goods and services based on a survey of a certain sample of potential consumers. The rules for the search and selection of indicators are described when conducting marketing research in general, and, in particular, in the publishing market, taking into account the specifics of media products presented in this market. The authors highlighted a number of factors that must be taken into account when conducting marketing research on the publishing market and the media market.

ENRICHING MEDIA MERCHANDISE SARANA PENUNJANG PROMOSI STUDI KASUS PADA BOOKSTORE

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-436
Author(s):  
Dewi Immaniar ◽  
Sudaryono Sudaryono ◽  
Ayu Ningrum
Keyword(s):  
Visual Media ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Business World ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Types ◽  
The Times ◽  
A Company

Talk about retail business can not be separated from the importance of service to consumers and good quality goods . But at the present time due to intense competition in the business world , the service and quality of goods is not enough to be able to increase revenue and attract customers loyal . This makes companies think hard to survive and stable in the business . One of them is by using a media campaign in this regard more toward print or visual media is indirectly felt the value of their effectiveness in communicating product marketing programs . PT . Times Prima Indonesia is a company engaged in the retail book with the name of the Times bookstores . Based on the analysis of the company’s problems requires additional media types supporting more varied and creatif promotion of existing ones, which will be used as a complement and a media campaign as well as to enrich the data renewal campaign design to capture the interest of consumers in which one form of the media campaign is shaped merchandise . Therefore , do Enriching ( enrich ) media campaign merchandise before it is less varied and has not formed a company image . The methodology used is the analysis, observation and design . Besides the new design has been tested with the implemented test duration for 6 months, and greatly increases the perceived contribution , this is evidenced by the chart sales increasing each month.

Desain Media Pembelajaran Geometri SMP Menggunakan 3D Pageflip Professional Berbasis RME Terintegrasi STEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Feri Tiona Pasaribu ◽  
Yelli Ramalisa
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Geometry Learning

The focus of this research is to design geometry learning mediain junior high schools based on RME and integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) using 3D Pageflip Proffesional,and to explain quality of the learning media. In the process of design and development of this media used is the ADDIE development model which begins with the stages analysis, design, development, and  carried out an evaluation in each stages. Implementation stages will be continued in the following years research. This research resulted in a product in the form of geometry learning media in junior high schools especially eight grade according to purpose. Based on the validity test and practicality test the results obtained from the validation by material experts and media design experts were 4.09 namely 81.8% and 4.21 or 84.2%.Based on the criteria for the validity of the instrument, the criteria for "very valid" were obtained. And the practicality results, namely the results of teacher response questionnaire obtained an average of 4.26 or 85.19%, and the results of student questionnaire responses were 4.07 or 81.4%. Then based on the percentage criteria of practicality of the instrument, it is found that the criteria are very practical and the media can be implemented with minor revisions.

Applied Status and Quality of Graphs in Five Academic Medical Journals in Shanghai (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zisheng Ai ◽  
Yuhong Tang ◽  
Jiaqi Zheng ◽  
Sanyou Wu ◽  
Ying Wu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Graph Type ◽  
Academic Medical ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Error Bias ◽  
Important Form

BACKGROUND Figures are an important form of expressing results commonly found in medical papers and make data easy to read and compare. The quality of graphs in original papers has improved in western medical journals. However, some figures fail to correctly express the results of a paper. Additionally, graph quality and application has not been assessed in medical journals outside western countries. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and types of data graphs used in Chinese academic medical journals and evaluate the quality of graphs used in original medical papers. METHODS A total of 783 papers were surveyed from the medical journals of five colleges and universities in Shanghai from 2011 to 2015. A cross-sectional study was used to analyse the applied status and graph quality. The evaluation criteria of graphs mainly included graph type, visual clarity, completeness, and special standards. RESULTS Most authors prefer to use simple charts, and bar charts with 95% CI were the most widely used. More than 60% of charts have problems with visual clarity, completeness, and special standards. Of 841 incorrect graphs, 10 (0.58%) graphs had three combined problems of graph characteristics, and 292 (34.72%) graphs had any two combined problems of graph characteristics. For detailed errors, the absence of variance description was the most substantial problem, especially in 2014 and in some academic medical journals. CONCLUSIONS Graphs are less commonly applied in the five university journals. However, the quality of papers using graphs was not properly controlled. Editors and journal quality management should strengthen the quality control of charts in papers. Authors should also avoid error bias and distorting their conclusions.

scholarly journals When and why do people act on flawed science? Effects of anecdotes and prior beliefs on evidence-based decision-making

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey L. Michal ◽  
Yiwen Zhong ◽  
Priti Shah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Learning Experiment ◽  
Apply Research ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning Interventions

AbstractToday’s citizens are expected to use evidence, frequently presented in the media, to inform decisions about health, behavior, and public policy. However, science misinformation is ubiquitous in the media, making it difficult to apply research appropriately. Across two experiments, we addressed how anecdotes and prior beliefs impact readers’ ability to both identify flawed science and make appropriate decisions based on flawed science in media articles. Each article described the results of flawed research on one of four educational interventions to improve learning (Experiment 1 included articles about having a tidy classroom and exercising while learning; Experiment 2 included articles about using virtual/augmented reality and napping at school). Experiment 1 tested the impact of a single anecdote and found no significant effect on either participants’ evidence evaluations or decisions to implement the learning interventions. However, participants were more likely to adopt the more plausible intervention (tidy classroom) despite identifying that it was unsupported by the evidence, suggesting effects of prior beliefs. In Experiment 2, we tested whether this intervention effect was driven by differences in beliefs about intervention plausibility and included two additional interventions (virtual reality = high plausible, napping = low plausible). We again found that participants were more likely to implement high plausible than low plausible interventions, and that evidence quality was underweighed as a factor in these decisions. Together, these studies suggest that evidence-based decisions are more strongly determined by prior beliefs than beliefs about the quality of evidence itself.

scholarly journals Who Guides Vaccination in the Portuguese Press? An Analysis of Information Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Andrea Langbecker ◽  
Daniel Catalan-Matamoros
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
The Media ◽  
University Scientists

Sources of information are a key part of the news process as it guides certain topics, influencing the media agenda. The goal of this study is to examine the most frequent voices on vaccines in the Portuguese press. A total of 300 news items were analysed via content analysis using as sources two newspapers from 2012 to 2017. Of all the articles, 97.7% included a source (n = 670). The most frequent were “governmental organisations”, “professional associations” and the “media”. Less frequent sources were “university scientists”, “governmental scientific bodies”, “consumer groups”, “doctors”, “scientific companies”, “NGOs” and “scientific journals”. Most articles used only non-scientific sources (n = 156). A total of 94 articles used both categories and 43 used exclusively scientific sources. Our findings support the assertion that media can be an instrument to disseminate information on vaccines. Nevertheless, despite being present in most articles, the number of sources per article was low, therefore not presenting a diversity of opinions and there was a lack of scientific voices, thus suggesting lower quality of the information being offered to the audience.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document