scholarly journals Database of Ground Level Enhancements (GLE) of High Energy Solar Proton Events

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Usoskin ◽  
Askar Ibragimov ◽  
Margaret A. Shea ◽  
Don Smart
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Events ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

scholarly journals Characteristics of solar proton events associated with ground level enhancements

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (A10) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Oh ◽  
Y. Yi ◽  
J. W. Bieber ◽  
P. Evenson ◽  
Y. K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Events ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

scholarly journals Preface to measurement, specification and forecasting of the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) environment and Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. E1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mishev ◽  
Piers Jiggens
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Solar Energetic Particle ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Solar Particle Events ◽  
Environment Domain ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

The Sun emits energetic particles following eruptive events such as solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) arrive in bursts known as Solar Particle Events (SPEs), which penetrate into the Earth’s magnetosphere. SEPs with large enough energy induce a complicated atmospheric cascade, which secondary particles lead to an enhancement of count rate of ground-based detectors e.g. Neutron Monitors (NMs). This class of SEPs is therefore referred as Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs). The characterisation of the high-energy SEPs environment with corresponding space weather effects is important for space flights, aviation, and satellite industry. In this topical issue recent developments, addressing important user needs in the space radiation environment domain are published. Some articles are relevant to the specification of the SEP environment whilst others focus on space weather prediction of SEP fluxes. Catalogues based on measurement and processing of SEPs including ground-based data, and modelling of aircrew radiation exposure during major events are also presented.

scholarly journals Current status and possible extension of the global neutron monitor network

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Alexander Mishev ◽  
Ilya Usoskin
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Ground Level Enhancements

The global neutron monitor network has been successfully used over several decades to study cosmic ray variations and fluxes of energetic solar particles. Nowadays, it is used also for space weather purposes, e.g. alerts and assessment of the exposure to radiation. Here, we present the current status of the global neutron monitor network. We discuss the ability of the global neutron monitor network to study solar energetic particles, specifically during large ground level enhancements. We demonstrate as an example, the derived solar proton characteristics during ground level enhancements GLE #5 and the resulting effective dose over the globe at a typical commercial jet flight altitude of 40 kft (≈12,200 m) above sea level. We present a plan for improvement of space weather services and applications of the global neutron monitor network, specifically for studies related to solar energetic particles, namely an extension of the existing network with several new monitors. We discuss the ability of the optimized global neutron monitor network to study various populations of solar energetic particles and to provide reliable space weather services.

scholarly journals Short- and medium-term atmospheric constituent effects of very large solar proton events

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Jackman ◽  
D. R. Marsh ◽  
F. M. Vitt ◽  
R. R. Garcia ◽  
E. L. Fleming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Solar Proton Events

Abstract. Solar eruptions sometimes produce protons, which impact the Earth's atmosphere. These solar proton events (SPEs) generally last a few days and produce high energy particles that precipitate into the Earth's atmosphere. The protons cause ionization and dissociation processes that ultimately lead to an enhancement of odd-hydrogen and odd-nitrogen in the polar cap regions (>60° geomagnetic latitude). We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) to study the atmospheric impact of SPEs over the period 1963–2005. The very largest SPEs were found to be the most important and caused atmospheric effects that lasted several months after the events. We present the short- and medium-term (days to a few months) atmospheric influence of the four largest SPEs in the past 45 years (August 1972; October 1989; July 2000; and October–November 2003) as computed by WACCM3 and observed by satellite instruments. Polar mesospheric NOx (NO+NO2) increased by over 50 ppbv and mesospheric ozone decreased by over 30% during these very large SPEs. Changes in HNO3, N2O5, ClONO2, HOCl, and ClO were indirectly caused by the very large SPEs in October–November 2003, were simulated by WACCM3, and previously measured by Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). WACCM3 output was also represented by sampling with the MIPAS averaging kernel for a more valid comparison. Although qualitatively similar, there are discrepancies between the model and measurement with WACCM3 predicted HNO3 and ClONO2 enhancements being smaller than measured and N2O5 enhancements being larger than measured. The HOCl enhancements were fairly similar in amounts and temporal variation in WACCM3 and MIPAS. WACCM3 simulated ClO decreases below 50 km, whereas MIPAS mainly observed increases, a very perplexing difference. Upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric NOx increased by over 10 ppbv and was transported during polar night down to the middle stratosphere in several weeks past the SPE. The WACCM3 simulations confirmed the SH HALOE observations of enhanced NOx in September 2000 as a result of the July 2000 SPE and the NH SAGE II observations of enhanced NO2 in March 1990 as a result of the October 1989 SPEs.

Onsets of Solar Proton Events in Satellite and Ground Level Observations: A Comparison

Space Weather ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing He ◽  
Juan V. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Solar Proton Events
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