scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY, BACTERIAL PROFILE, AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SANA’A AND DHAMAR CITY, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Y. Al-Haifi ◽  
Abdul Salam Mohamed Al Makdad ◽  
Mohammed Kassim Salah ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Abdulwahid Al Shehari
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
E Mail

Objectives:  Lower respiratory infections (LRTIs) are the leading reason of death infectious diseases in the world and the fifth leading cause of death in general. The study aimed to identify the general characteristics of LRTI, the causative bacteria and the results of sensitivity to antibiotics. Subjects and methods:  A multicentre prospective study was performed at 3 University hospitals. The study included 555 clinical diagnostic cases as LRTI cases, 328 male and 227 female, aged 3 to 69 years. Clinical and demographic data were collected in the standard questionnaire, and samples included sputum or bronchial lavage (BAL) staining and culture. Samples were cultured in 3 different bacterial media, blood agar and LJ slope, chocolate agar with Co2; cultures were then examined for possible bacterial pathogens of LRTI. Possible bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method. Results:  LRTI was recorded among all age groups and with less frequency in children less than 16 years of age. A large number of LRTI (36.2%) was not diagnosed, most in CAP (52.4%), followed by HAP (33.9%) while unidentified cases were lower in AECOPD (22.8%). CAP isolates are K. pneumoniae (26.2%), S. pyogens (12.3%), and S. pneumoniae (9%); in HAP are MSSA (24%), E. Coli (12.9%), MRAS (11.1%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%) and P. aeruginosa (7%); and in AECOPD are M. catarrhalis (47.2%), K. pneumoniae (17.2%), H. influnzae (10.7%) and P. aeruginosa (2%). In Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (100%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) was recorded, while moderate resistance to amikacin, vancomycin, cefepime and moxifloxacin was recorded. In Gram-negative bacteria, a high resistance to 3rd g Cephalosporin’s  (68.5%) was recorded, while a moderate sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested was recorded. Conclusion:  There is a high rate of undiagnosed LRTI in Yemen and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to diagnose most of the causes of LRTI, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and viral causes. No antibiotics are completely effective in treating LRTI in our area and antibiotic sensitivity should be performed in all cases. Peer Review History: Received 22 April 2019; Revised 4 May; Accepted 9 May, Available online 15 May 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse Affiliation: St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly Affiliation: Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

scholarly journals URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN POST OPERATIVE PATIENTS: PREVALENCE RATE, BACTERIAL PROFILE, ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFIC RISK FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Y. Al-Haifi ◽  
Abdul Salam Mohamed Al Makdad ◽  
Mohammed Kassim Salah ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
E Mail

Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common minor complication after operations, mostly due to bladder catheterization that used routinely during operations. This investigation seeks to determine prevalence rate, bacterial features, antibiotic sensitivity and risk factors for urinary tract infection in postoperative patients in tertiary hospitals in Sana’a, Yemen. Methods: This prospective analysis included 390 patients undergoing surgery between 2017 and 2018 at Al-Thawra Hospital. The study includes 258 male and 132 female between the ages 5 to 80 years. Clinical and demographic data and factors affecting UTIs were collected in the standard questionnaire, and the sample was obtained after catheter removal; or, in patients with a clinical indication of continuous catheterization, a sample was obtained after the replacement of a new catheter. The samples were cultured, examined for significant possible bacterial pathogens, isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method. The operative characteristics associated with postoperative UTI were also analysis. Results: Postoperative UTI (POUTI) occurred in 144/390 (37%), and the predominant post-operative uropathogen was Escherichia coli (34%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1(27%) and Staphylococcus coagulase negative (16.7%). In Gram-negative bacteria, high resistance to ampicillin (95%), nalidixic acid (63%), ceftriaxone (68%) and cotrimoxazole (55%) was recorded, while high sensitivity to amikacin (98%) and ciprofloxacin. (84%), cefotaxime (87%), gentamicin (87%) and imipenem (98%). In Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to penicillin (90%), erythromycin (85%), and amoxicillin (78%) was recorded, while high sensitivity to aztreonam (94%), augmentin (83%),   ciprofloxacin (93%), cefotaxime (86%), gentamicin (85%), Rifampicin (100%) and vancomycin (97%).  The following characteristics are independently associated with postoperative UTI: female sex (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.2), Rubber PTFE catheter (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.99–11.4), longer duration of catheterization >10 days (OR 4.4, 95% CI 2.3–8.3), overweight (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.9), and emergency surgery  (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0). Conclusions: POUTI remains an important problem in our hospitals and what complicates the situation is that all the causative microorganisms are MDR with few treatment options; and several risk factors were independently associated with POUTI. Peer Review History: Received 14 May 2020; Revised 15 June; Accepted 1 July, Available online 15 July 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly Affiliation: Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike Affiliation: University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: A SHORT REVIEW OF URINARY SYMPTOMATOLOGY- GRECO ARAB MEDICINE BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

scholarly journals BACTERIAL CAUSES AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF EXTERNAL OCULAR INFECTIONS IN SELECTED OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICS IN SANA’A CITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Yahya A Alshamahi ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Yaser Ali Musawa ◽  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
E Mail

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to reveal the bacterial profile and pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics for external ocular infections for patients who attended selected ophthalmology clinics in the city of Sana’a. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used from September 2016 to October 2017 where a total of 197 patients with infection of external eye were included in the study which included conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis and Blepharoconjunctivitis. Samples were collected and transferred to the National Center of Public Laboratories (NCPHL), in Sana'a. Possible bacterial pathogens have been isolated and identified using regular laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing has been carried out using a disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 197 ocular samples were obtained for microbiological evaluation, of these 146 (74.1%) have bacterial growth. Bacteria of Gram positive accounted for 52.1% and the prevalent isolation was S. aureus (30.1%). Gram negative bacteria made up 47.9% and the predominant isolation was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.7%). The majority of Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (90% - 100%), vancomycin (86% - 100%) and Gram-negative isolates sensitive for amikacin (100%) and ciprofloxacin (63% - 100%). Conclusion: These results revealed that Gram-positive bacteria were the generally common bacteria isolated from infections of external eye and were more susceptible to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin while Gram-negative isolates were more susceptible to ciprofloxacin and amikacin.  The high rate of resistance for most antibiotics in Yemen, leaves ophthalmologists with very few options of drugs to treat eye infections. Large-scale ongoing studies in the future should also be conducted in order to monitor the antimicrobial resistance of the external ocular bacterial isolates. Peer Review History: Received 20 May 2020; Revised 25 June; Accepted 4 July, Available online 15 July 2020   UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Jucimary Vieira dos Santos Affiliation: Hemonorte Dalton Barbosa Cunha, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Name: Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh Affiliation: Tanta University, Egypt E-mail: [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: EPIDEMIOLOGY, BACTERIAL PROFILE, AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SANA’A AND DHAMAR CITY, YEMEN

scholarly journals Testing the efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar for optimal antibiotic sensitivity testing response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 061-074
Author(s):  
Otajevwo Dafinone Festus ◽  
Osawaru Osama Emmanuella
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar in terms of antibiotic sensitivity testing for optimal antibiotic response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens was carried out in this study. Clinical bacterial pathogens used for the study were Pseudomonas aerµginosa, Enterococcus spp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Standard and locally manufactured antibiotic discs used were by Abtek Biologicals Ltd, Liverpool and Maxicare Medical Laboratory, Nigeria respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) was by agar diffusion method. Pure cultures of each isolate were subcultured on sterile Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) and Nutrient agar (NA) media after which the standard and locally manufactured discs were aseptically impregnated on the media. All inoculated plates were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs aerobically after appropriate labeling. Zones of inhibition were measured by standard methods and recorded. On Nutrient agar, standard and locally produced ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs did not produce zones of inhibition significantly different from each other at both 95% and 99% confidence intervals (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). On Mueller Hinton agar, standard and locally manufactured ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition that were significantly different from each other at 95% confidence interval (P ˂ 0.05). Standard and local ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition on MHA and NA which were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). Standard discs used recorded better zones of inhibition on MHA compared to the local discs. Standard and local discs zones of inhibition on MHA was however not significantly different from those recorded on NA (P ˃ 0.05). Standard discs therefore, did not produce better zones of inhibition over local discs on MHA and on NA. On the whole, the use of MHA for antibiotic sensitivity testing did not record greater (better) zones of inhibition than those recorded on NA except for standard ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin discs over the corresponding local discs on MHA only. Findings did not convincingly establish better performance of standard discs over local discs whether used on MHA or NA. Further studies in this direction is recommended.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection at a tertiary care hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Rama Biswas ◽  
Raihan Rabbani ◽  
Hasan Shahrear Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Satter Sarker ◽  
Nahida Zafrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Current knowledge on antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. The aim of the study is to determine the changing pattern of antibiotic sensitivity among uropathogens causing UTI. Methods: Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases attending in Square hospital were processed in the Microbiology lab. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production was determined by double disk synergy test method. Results: Of the 200 tested sample 110 samples showed growth of pathogens among which the most prevalent were E.coli (58.18%) followed by Enterococci (13.6%). The majority (68.18%) of the isolates were from female. ESBL production was observed in 46.87% o E.coli strains and 25% of Klebsiella strains. More than 98% of the isolates are sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem , while 86.36% are sensitive to Amikacin, 73.63% to Nitrofurantoin and 74.54% to Gentamicin. Very high rate of resistance is seen against amoxicillin (88.19%), cefixime (65.46%), cotrimoxazole (68.19%) and ceftriaxone (63.63%). E. coli showed high sensitivity to meropenem, imipenem and amikacin (100%) followed by Gentamicin (94.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed that E.coli was the predominant bacterial pathogens of UTIs. An increasing trend in the production ESBLs among UTI pathogens in the community was noted. Nitrofurantoin should be used as empirical therapy for primary, uncomplicated UTIs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bccj.v2i1.19952 Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2014; 2 (1): 21-24

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Shukla Promite ◽  
Sajal K Saha ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The study was aimed to characterize bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections (RTI) and   investigate their antibiotic sensitivity profile. Selective media and biochemical tests were used to characterize 40   bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. About   42.5% (17) RTI patients were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 30% (12) by Escherichia coli and 27.5% (11) by   Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no significant gender variation (p-value <0.578). Overall, 47% (out of 20) antibiotics   were sensitive, whereas 48% were resistant. Surprisingly, 18% P. aeruginosa and 20% K. pneumoniae were   carbapenem-resistant and 4 out of 7 cephalosporin antibiotics were highly resistant irrespective of pathogens. E. coli   showed better sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (78%) and levofloxacin (89%), while K. pneumoniae was insensitive to   cotrimoxazole (88%), gentamycin (77%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (66%). On the other hand, P. aeruginosa did   not respond to P. aeruginosa to nalidixic acid (60%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). This study concludes that   nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotics could be better   alternative in treating bacterial RTIs.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 235-244, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals EMERGENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII IN HOSPITAL FACILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Anania Arjuna ◽  
Dinobandhu Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

ABSTRACTObjective: Nosocomial infections or Hospital acquired infection (HAI) are one of the major threats to hospitalized patients as well as for the hospitalassociated personnel. In last few years there is a gross change in causative agents, new organisms have come out with great threat to hospitals as theypossess antibiotic resistance property e.g. production of biofilm, production of enzymes such as β- lactamases. Among many organisms, Acinetobacterbaumannii has emerged as a potent nosocomial pathogen. Our objective of this study was to find the burden of Acinetobacter baumannii infectionswhich are associated as nosocomial infections and to determine the drug of choice for an effective treatment.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected from patients of different unit of the hospital by maintaining universal precautions and standardmicrobiological protocols. All the respective specimens were cultured in respective culture medium i.e. MacConkey agar, blood agar, chocolate agar,cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar and, fluid thioglycolate (TG) medium at 37˚C for 24-48 hours. After incubation of 24-48 hours cultureplates were examined for bacterial growth and identification and antibiotic sensitivity test was made by Vitek2 compact.Result: The study was conducted at the department of microbiology from January 2016 to April 2016. A total of 2582 specimens were collected andprocessed for identification and sensitivity testing. Specimens of all age group (2 days- 93 years) and both sexes were processed for identificationof A. baumannii and antibiotic sensitivity testing. A total of 119 isolates (4.60%) of A. baumannii were obtained from 2582 clinical specimens. Themost common infection A. baumannii was found as lower respiratory tract infection (89.07%) followed by abscess (6.72%), septicaemia (2.52%),urinary tract infections (0.84%), and soft tissue infections (0.84%). The maximum sensitivity of A. baumannii isolates were seen to Colistin (CL) (119,100%), followed by Tigecycline (TGC) (63, 52.94%) and Minocycline (MIN) (27, 22.69%). The maximum resistant was observed for Imipenem (IMI),Aztreonam (AZT) and Ticarcillin- clavulanic acid (TIC) (119, 100%).Conclusion: The Gram- negative coccobacillus, Acinetobacter baumannii poses a formidable threat to patients. It has emerged as a superbug inhospital environment particularly in ICU units. The chances of A. baumannii infections increase in the presence of iatrogenic factors like inadequatelong- term antibiotic therapy and new interventions in a medical facility. To control the burden of Acinetobacter infections new therapies suchas combine therapy must be obtained and followed with proper dose as recommend by physicians; along with awareness of the importance ofthis infection should be implicated. Proper sanitation, good housekeeping, sterilization of equipment, hand hygiene, water purification, isolationprocedures and maintaining of the hospital environment, use of infection control practices are some of the measures to control the transmission ofAcinetobacter spp. among hospital personnel.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Biofilm, β-lactamases, Hospital acquired infection.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

Urinary tract infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Grabe ◽  
Björn Wullt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections of the urinary tract are among the most frequent infections encountered in the community and hospital environments. They range from harmless self-curing cystitis to severe pyelonephritis with life-threatening sepsis. Urinary tract infections are often recurrent. Host defence is crucial to control the infection but can also be deleterious in terms of scar formation. Early diagnosis, determination of severity, evaluation of possible risk factors, and assumption of possible pathogen are essential aspects to initiate efficient treatment. Urine culture with antibiotic sensitivity testing is the most important tool to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis and direct treatment. Patients with urological disease are particularly susceptible to urinary tract infections, and healthcare-associated urinary infections are observed in approximately 10% of hospitalized urological patients. In view of the worsening resistance pattern of common urinary pathogens against available antimicrobial agents, it is important to comply with recommended treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Detection of biofilm among uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi M. Karigoudar ◽  
Mahesh H. Karigoudar ◽  
Sanjay M. Wavare ◽  
Smita S. Mangalgi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli accounts for 70%–95% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI is a serious health problem with respect to antibiotic resistance and biofilms formation being the prime cause for the antibiotic resistance. Biofilm can restrict the diffusion of substances and binding of antimicrobials. In this context, the present study is aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli strains isolated from urine and to correlate their susceptibility pattern with biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 E. coli strains isolated from patients suffering from UTI were included in the study. The identification of E. coli was performed by colony morphology, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests. The detection of biofilm was carried out by Congo Red Agar (CRA) method, tube method (TM), and tissue culture plate (TCP) method. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller–Hinton agar plate. RESULTS: Of the 100 E. coli strains, 49 (49%) and 51 (51%) were from catheterized and noncatheterized patients, respectively. Biofilm production was positive by CRA, TM, and TCP method were 49 (49%), 55 (55%), and 69 (69%), respectively. Biofilm producers showed maximum resistance to co-trimoxazole (73.9%), gentamicin (94.2%), and imipenem (11.6%) when compared to nonbiofilm producers. Significant association was seen between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with a P = 0.01 (<0.05). CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of biofilm detection in E. coli will help in the development of newer and more effective treatment. The detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility pattern helps in choosing the correct antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Urinary tract infection and indwelling urinary catheters: prospective study in gynecological surgery with antibiotic prophylaxis

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Carraro-Eduardo ◽  
Daniela da Silva Alves ◽  
Ingrid Ellis Hinden ◽  
Ivan Penaloza Toledano ◽  
Sarah Gomes Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gynecological Surgery ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Catheter Design ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections, and the use of indwelling urinary catheters is a predisposing factor for their development. The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency of pre and postoperative bacteriuria, identify the microorganisms involved, count the colony-forming units, determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile and compare the results from pre and postoperative urinalyses among women undergoing gynecological surgery with implantation of a urinary catheter. DESIGN AND SETTING: Non-controlled prospective observational single-cohort epidemiological study carried out at a university hospital. METHODS: Urine samples were collected before and 24 hours after catheterization for urinalysis, culturing and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Pre and postoperative urinalyses were compared using Wilcoxon and McNemar non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Fifty-one women participated in the study. Escherichia coligrew in six preoperative samples (11.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae in one (1.9%), but bacterial growth did not occur in any postoperative sample. Urinalysis showed lower number of pus cells in the postoperative urine samples (P < 0.05). There were no differences in red blood cell counts or in the nitrite and leukocyte esterase tests, between the samples. CONCLUSION: Bacteriuria was found in 13.7% of the preoperative samples. Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to most antibiotics were identified. In the postoperative samples, no bacterial growth was observed. Urinalysis only showed significant reduction of leukocyturia in the postoperative period.

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