scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS G VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS, SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmail Mohammed Saad Al-Dabis ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Maria Mansour Saeed Al-Hadad ◽  
Emad Hassan Al-Shamahi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Hepatitis G

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a newly discovered and enveloped RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle, which has not yet been proven to have major negative effects on liver. Therefore, it is important to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis G virus infection in Yemeni viral hepatitis patients and general population to design standard prevention and treatment plans. Screening HGV antibodies among 60 chronic HBV and 144 chronic HCV patients comparing with it's prevalence in 218 healthy controls were carried out. Serum samples were collected and tested for human HGV IgG by commercially available ELISA technique. Demographic data such as gender, age, and risk factors of contracting HGV virus were recorded in predesigned questionnaire.  The crude prevalence rate of HGV was 2.8%, female specific rate was 0% and male specific rate was 3.5%. The prevalence of HGV among HBV patients was 0%; HCV was 1.4% while in healthy individuals it was 4.6%. When age groups considered, the prevalence of HGV among age groups 20-29 years and 30-39 years was 3.5%, while in older age groups the rate of HGV was 0%.  There was a trend towards increased levels of HGV infection with the second and third decades of life (3.5%). There was no significant association between HGV infection and risk factors of hepatitis viruses. It can be concluded from this study that HGV virus is circulating in the risk groups and in the community in general Yemen, and there is a possibility that this virus may at some time become epidemic if preventive measures are not applied. The risk of community among healthy people more than in risk groups as HBV and HCV patients. Additionally HGV increases with young male adults.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Acquisition of Hepatitis G Virus/GB Virus C in a Nonrisk Population: Detection of the Virus by Antibodies

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Hubert Feucht ◽  
Matthias Schröter ◽  
Bernhard Zöllner ◽  
Susanne Polywka ◽  
Rainer Laufs
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Type C ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C ◽  
Efficient Transmission

Until now there have been few seroepidemiological data for hepatitis G virus/GB virus type C (HGV/GBV-C). A four-antigen HGV/GBV-C immunoblot was established to examine 446 serum specimens from healthy individuals without risk factors for parenteral viral transmission. These individuals were divided into seven groups according to age. Seroprevalence rates were low for children and adolescents (5.6%) and increased for the age groups assumed to be the most sexually active (15.3 to 26.8%). Remarkably, none of the 80 individuals who tested positive for HGV/GBV-C antibodies were simultaneously positive for HGV/GBV-C viremia. From our data we conclude that HGV/GBV-C infection is widespread in the general population (16 to 25%). The development of an antibody response is associated with clearance of HGV/GBV-C viremia. Due to the lack of risk factors for HGV/GBV-C infection of blood, other efficient transmission routes must exist. It must be assumed that HGV/GBV-C transmission may be linked to sexual activity.

scholarly journals Detection of Hepatitis G Virus RNA in Persons with and without Known Risk Factors for Blood-Borne Viral Infections in Sweden and Honduras

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lara ◽  
Robert Halasz ◽  
Anders Sönnerborg ◽  
Matti Sällberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Gb Virus C ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C

We analyzed 224 and 163 serum samples from individuals in Sweden and Honduras, respectively, for the presence of the hepatitis G virus (HGV or GB virus-C) RNA. HGV infection in both Sweden and Honduras was related to common risk factors for blood-borne infections, despite a surprisingly high frequency in groups without known risk factors.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis G Virus among Women without Known Risk Factors for Parenteral Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2333-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Menéndez ◽  
José-María Sánchez-Tapias ◽  
Pedro-Luis Alonso ◽  
Mireia Giménez-Barcons ◽  
Elizeus Kahigwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Hepatitis G

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA was detected in 18 of 133 pregnant women from Tanzania without known risk factors for HGV infection and in 7 of 18 children born to HGV RNA-positive mothers. Molecular evidence of mother-to-infant transmission was obtained only for three of seven children. HGV RNA was also detected in 4 of 42 children born to non-HGV-infected women. Thus, mechanisms other than materno-filial may play an important role in HGV transmission during early childhood.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in slaughter pigs; a neglected public health risk, western Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah N. Ngugi ◽  
Eric M. Fèvre ◽  
Georgies F. Mgode ◽  
Mark Obonyo ◽  
Ginethon G. Mhamphi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lake Victoria Basin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis of public health importance transmitted through contact with contaminated soil, water or urine of infected animals. In pigs the disease is characterized by abortion, still births and weak piglets. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May to July 2018 to estimate the sero-prevalence of leptospirosis and factors associated with seropositivity in slaughter pigs. A questionnaire was used to collect information on animal demographics. Serum was tested for anti-leptospiral antibodies using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with a panel of 8 serovars. Sera were considered positive for sero-reactivity at a MAT titre ≥1:40 against at least one serovar. Chi-square tests were used to measure the strength of association between the MAT test result and exploratory variables. Results A total of 252 pig serum samples from seven slaughterhouses were tested for Leptospira antibodies by MAT. Of the 252 pigs sampled, 88.8% (244/252) were indigenous breeds; 55.6% (140/252) were female and 88.7% (220/252) were reared in extensive production systems. Eighty-three (32.9%; 83/252) sera samples tested positive on MAT against at least one serovar. Of the 8 serovars, the highest prevalence was recorded for serovar Lora 21.4% followed by Kenya 5.2%, Sokoine 3.6% and Grippotyphosa at 3.2%. Risk factors for leptospirosis seropositivity in pigs were: originating from farms with other types of livestock (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.0–4.5) and mature pigs (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1–3.3). Conclusion This study demonstrates that there is a high prevalence of leptospirosis positive pigs at slaughter in a small-holder livestock keeping region of the Lake Victoria basin. The potential for cross species transmission of pathogenic serovars is highlighted as well as the potential for occupational exposure to slaughterhouse personnel. Improvements in husbandry practices (confinement and rodent control) and public health education among slaughterhouse workers and other high-risk groups is recommended.

Detection of active hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus/GB virus C replication in bone marrow in human subjects

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 3986-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Radkowski ◽  
Joanna Kubicka ◽  
Elzbieta Kisiel ◽  
Janusz Cianciara ◽  
Marek Nowicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C

Abstract We have analyzed the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) sequences in bone marrow and serum samples from 48 patients of a hematologic outpatient clinic. HCV RNA was detected in 18 (38%) and 15 (31%) and HGV RNA was detected in 6 (13%) and 9 (19%) of serum and bone marrow samples, respectively. In 3 patients, HGV RNA was detectable in bone marrow but not in the serum; 2 of these patients were negative for the presence of specific antibodies. Using a highly strand-specific Tth-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the presence of HCV RNA and HGV RNA negative strand was demonstrated in 4 and 5 bone marrow samples, respectively. Our study shows that HCV and HGV can replicate in bone marrow; in the case of HGV, analysis of serum may underestimate the true prevalence of infection.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Monoclonal Proteinemia in Thai Population.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1416-1416
Author(s):  
Phandee Watanaboonyongcharoen ◽  
Thanyaphong Na Nakorn ◽  
Ponlapat Rojnuckarin ◽  
Panisinee Lawasut ◽  
Tanin Intragumtornchai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
History Of

Abstract Abstract 1416 Poster Board I-439 Background: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is associated with progression to multiple myeloma and related hematologic malignancies at the rate of 1% per year in western population. Reliable information on prevalence, risk factors and natural history of MGUS in general population are necessary for designing an early detection strategy for myeloma in Thailand. Patients and methods: The study was performed in subjects, 50 years of age or older, in Bangkok, one nearby province and 2 remote provinces of Thailand. The demographic data and suspected risk factor history were collected by questionnaires. Complete blood count as well as blood chemistry were done to exclude underlying hematologic and/or systemic conditions. Serum monoclonal proteins were detected using high-resolution gel electrophoresis. Results: Serum samples were obtained from 3,261 participants. There were 1,105 males (33.9%) and 2,156 females (66.1%). The median age was 57. Abnormal protein electrophoresis findings were detected in 76 samples (prevalence 2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8% - 2.8%) showing small M-spikes at gamma-globulin region in 50 (1.5%) or at beta-globulin region in 25 (0.8%) or hypogammaglobulinemia in 1 case (0.03%). The prevalence of MGUS in subjects less than 60, 60-69 and 70 yrs or more was 2.0% (41/1975), 2.6% (22/851) and 3.0% (13/435), respectively. Using multivariate analysis, presence of MGUS was strongly associated with history of drug abuse (odd ratio 4.63, 95%CI 1.14-22.08) and current residences outside Bangkok (odd ratio 2.30, 95%CI 1.18-4.79). Radiation and chemical exposure, hair and nail-coloring products and pesticides were not statistically significant risk factors in our population. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of MGUS in Thai population was 2.3%, lower than those of western countries but comparable to what reported from Japan and Taiwan. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Significance of Hepatitis G Virus in Serum of Patients With Sporadic Fulminant and Subfulminant Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1460-1464
Author(s):  
Santiago J. Muñoz ◽  
Harvey J. Alter ◽  
Yoshiyuki Nakatsuji ◽  
James W.-K. Shih ◽  
Rajender K. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fulminant Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Hepatic Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Blood Product Transfusion ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hepatitis G

Excluding acute hepatic failure caused by drugs, the etiology of fulminant hepatitis (FH) remains unknown in many patients. There are conflicting data about a possible pathogenic role for the hepatitis G virus (HGV) in patients with cryptogenic fulminant hepatitis (non–A-E FH). We investigated the presence of circulating HGV in 36 patients with well-documented non–A-E fulminant and 5 patients with subfulminant hepatitis from 3 geographic locations in the United States. Serum HGV RNA was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using primers from the NS5 region of the HGV genome. HGV RNA was also measured before and after liver transplantation in 5 patients and at different time points in 7 patients. Serum samples were recoded and reanalyzed for HGV RNA using different primer sets to assess the validity of the HGV RNA assay. HGV was present in serum of 14 of the 36 patients (38.8%) with non–A-E fulminant hepatitis. Twenty percent of patients from the Northeast, 11% of the patients from the Southeast, and 50% from the Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States had circulating HGV RNA. The use of therapeutic blood products was significantly associated with the presence of serum HGV RNA (P < .02). Retesting for HGV RNA with different primers was positive in all but 1 case. HGV RNA is not causally related to non–A-E fulminant hepatitis. The finding of HGV RNA in serum from these patients is likely related to the administration of blood product transfusion after the onset of fulminant hepatitis.

Detection of active hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus/GB virus C replication in bone marrow in human subjects

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 3986-3989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Radkowski ◽  
Joanna Kubicka ◽  
Elzbieta Kisiel ◽  
Janusz Cianciara ◽  
Marek Nowicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C

We have analyzed the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) sequences in bone marrow and serum samples from 48 patients of a hematologic outpatient clinic. HCV RNA was detected in 18 (38%) and 15 (31%) and HGV RNA was detected in 6 (13%) and 9 (19%) of serum and bone marrow samples, respectively. In 3 patients, HGV RNA was detectable in bone marrow but not in the serum; 2 of these patients were negative for the presence of specific antibodies. Using a highly strand-specific Tth-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the presence of HCV RNA and HGV RNA negative strand was demonstrated in 4 and 5 bone marrow samples, respectively. Our study shows that HCV and HGV can replicate in bone marrow; in the case of HGV, analysis of serum may underestimate the true prevalence of infection.

scholarly journals Relation between GB virus C/hepatitis G virus and fulminant hepatic failure may be secondary to treatment with contaminated blood and/or blood products

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Halasz ◽  
L Barkholt ◽  
C Lara ◽  
C Hultgren ◽  
Y Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Gb Virus C ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C ◽  
Contaminated Blood

BackgroundThe role of the recently discovered GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) has been debated. Although GBV-C RNA has been detected in many cases of FHF, recent data suggest that the relation between GBV-C and FHF may be accidental.AimsTo retrospectively investigate the possible relation between the presence of GBV-C markers (RNA or antibodies to the GBV-C envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein) and FHF.MethodsThe presence of GBV-C RNA was determined in serum samples from 58 patients diagnosed with FHF using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Amplified genetic fragments were directly sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. Antibodies to GBV-C in serum samples were detected by enzyme immunoassay based on a recombinant GBV-C E2 protein.ResultsNine (16%) patients with FHF had GBV-C RNA and 14 (24%) had GBV-C E2 antibodies, which are higher frequencies than in healthy subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Seven of ten patients with GBV-C markers during FHF tested negative for these markers before therapy with blood and/or blood products. Sequence analysis of the GBV-C NS3 region fragments of six FHF patients showed no common sequence pattern or motif.ConclusionsThe frequencies of both GBV-C RNA and antibodies are higher in patients with FHF than in healthy subjects. However, these increased frequencies may in many cases be explained by the use of contaminated blood and/or blood products given as therapy.

scholarly journals Relationship between Anxiety Disorders and Anthropometric Indices, Risk Factors, and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disorder in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Farahzadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed-Ali Mostafavi ◽  
Sedigheh Saadat Moeeini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Anthropometric Indices

Objective: Anxiety is an unpleasant feeling characterized by symptoms of tachycardia, sweating, and stress. The exact relationship between anxiety and cardiovascular disorder is not well distinguished. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between anxiety disorders and anthropometric indices and risk factors, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, according to the results, FBS low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and symptoms of cardiovascular disorder in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. Method: In this community-based study, multistage cluster sampling method was used. We randomly selected 1174 children and adolescents who referred to Afshar hospital in Yazd, then, 167 blocks were randomly collected by each cluster head. Each cluster consisted of 6 cases, including three cases of each gender in different age groups (6-9, 10- 14, and 15-18 years). The clinical psychologists instructed the participants to complete the Persian version of Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). In addition, cardiovascular risk factors were determined for participants and demographic data were obtained from the participants. Results: A total of 1035 children and adolescents participated in this study. The results showed that 228 of the participants (22.2%) suffered from anxiety disorder. There was an indirect significant correlation between anxiety disorder and the symptoms of heart palpitation, shortness of breath, and chest pain. There was no statistically significant relationship between the different types of anxiety disorders and FBS, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. According to the results, FBS and LDL are a predictor for anxiety disorders. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association between anxiety in children and adolescents and some risk factors of cardiovascular disorder. Also, this study introduces some cardiovascular predictors of anxiety. However, further studies are needed in this regard.

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