Detecting Deception: Effect of Auditory and Visual Stimuli on Pupil Dilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Yeonsil Lee ◽  
Hui-Teak Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Sensory Stimulus ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Control Question

We investigated the effects of auditory and visual stimuli on pupil dilation induced by emotional arousal during deception. The 33 participants were free to select to be in either a guilty or a not-guilty group. The guilty group performed a theft crime mission, and the not-guilty group performed a legal mission. To detect deception, we measured their pupil diameter with an eye tracker, and they completed the Control Question Test that is typically employed in polygraph tests, and which is based on a comparison of physiological responses to crime-relevant questions and comparison questions. This test was presented via one of three stimuli: auditory, visual, or dual sensory (auditory and visual simultaneously). The findings revealed that the diameter of the pupils of the guilty group increased differently according to the question type when both auditory and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously. Results suggest that pupil dilation could be the deception discriminant, and the use of more than one sensory stimulus may support lie detection in forensic investigations.

Oxytocin-Based Health Information Priming Does Not Impact Categorization of Others into Social Groups

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Lynn Groft ◽  
Nathan Pistory ◽  
Rachel Hardy ◽  
Peter Joseph McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lay Public

With the proliferation of neuroscience-related messages in popular media, it is more important than ever to understand their impact on the lay public. Previous research has found that people believed news stories more when irrelevant neuroscientific explanations were added. We sought to reveal whether such information could cause a change in social behavior. Specifically, based on publicized findings of the relationship between social behavior and the neurotransmitter oxytocin, we proposed that participants would accept more strangers into their in-group, or alternatively decrease in-group size, if told that there were oxytocin-based (relative to psychological construct-based) health benefits for doing so. In two tasks, participants were shown faces and written information about stimuli that could match their race, politics, and religion to varying degrees. In spite of evidence that participants processed the primes, and were sensitive to their level of similarity with stimuli, oxytocin-based priming did not alter categorization, or pupil dilation. It did not alter cross-race viewing behavior, as measured by an eye tracker, in consistent ways. Unexpectedly, pupil dilation increased when viewing stimuli of the same religion, an effect entirely related to White liberal Christians viewing other Christians. Overall, these results suggest that neuroscience information may impact some judgments, but lay people will not alter their likelihood of acceptance of strangers simply because they were primed with a neuroscience- (or more specifically, neurotransmitter-) based reason for doing so.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Driver Visual Characteristics in Urban Tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4274
Author(s):  
Song Fang ◽  
Jianxiao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Data Fitting ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Visual Characteristics ◽  
Diameter Change

Through an urban tunnel-driving experiment, this paper studies the changing trend of drivers’ visual characteristics in tunnels. A Tobii Pro Glasses 2 wearable eye tracker was used to measure pupil diameter, scanning time, and fixation point distribution of the driver during driving. A two-step clustering algorithm and the data-fitting method were used to analyze the experimental data. The results show that the univariate clustering analysis of the pupil diameter change rate of drivers has poor discrimination because the pupil diameter change rate of drivers in the process of “dark adaptation” is larger, while the pupil diameter change rate of drivers in the process of “bright adaptation” is relatively smooth. The univariate and bivariate clustering results of drivers’ pupil diameters were all placed into three categories, with reasonable distribution and suitable differentiation. The clustering results accurately corresponded to different locations of the tunnel. The clustering method proposed in this paper can identify similar behaviors of drivers at different locations in the transition section at the tunnel entrance, the inner section, and the outer area of the tunnel. Through data-fitting of drivers’ visual characteristic parameters in different tunnels, it was found that a short tunnel, with a length of less than 1 km, has little influence on visual characteristics when the maximum pupil diameter is small, and the percentage of saccades is relatively low. An urban tunnel with a length between 1 and 2 km has a significant influence on visual characteristics. In this range, with the increase in tunnel length, the maximum pupil diameter increases significantly, and the percentage of saccades increases rapidly. When the tunnel length exceeds 2 km, the maximum pupil diameter does not continue to increase. The longer the urban tunnel, the more discrete the distribution of drivers’ gaze points. The research results should provide a scientific basis for the design of urban tunnel traffic safety facilities and traffic organization.

scholarly journals Pupil Dilation with Intracameral Epinephrine Hydrochloride during Phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens Implantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Yong Yu ◽  
Hua Guo ◽  
Qin-Mei Wang ◽  
Fang-Jun Bao ◽  
Jing-Hai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Surgical Performance ◽  
Corneal Incision ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contralateral Eye ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Time Point

Objective. To investigate mydriatic effect of intracamerally injected epinephrine hydrochloride during phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods. Eighteen cataract patients for bilateral phacoemulsification were enrolled. To dilate pupil, one eye was randomly selected to receive intracamerally 1 mL epinephrine hydrochloride 0.001% for 1 minute after corneal incision (intracameral group), and the contralateral eye received 3 drops of compound tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 0.5% at 5-minute intervals 30 minutes before surgery (topical group). Pupil diameters were measured before corneal incision, before ophthalmic viscoelastic device (OVD) injection, after OVD injection, before IOL implantation, and at the end of surgery.Results. At each time point, the mean pupil diameter in the intracameral group was2.20±0.08,5.09±0.20,6.76±0.19,6.48±0.18, and5.97±0.24 mm, respectively, and in the topical group it was7.98±0.15,7.98±0.15,8.53±0.14,8.27±0.16, and7.93±0.20 mm, respectively. The topical group consistently had larger mydriatic effects than the intracameral group (P<0.05). The onset of mydriatic effect was rapid in the intracameral group. There was no difference in surgical performance or other parameters between groups.Conclusions. Intracameral epinephrine hydrochloride appears to be an alternative to the mydriatic modalities for phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. In comparison with topical mydriatics, intracameral epinephrine hydrochloride offers easier preoperative preparation, more rapid pupil dilation, and comparable surgical performance.

RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF ELECTROOCULOGRAPHY SIGNAL TO A CONTROL QUESTION TEST: A NEW APPROACH FOR THE DETECTION OF DECEPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050029
Author(s):  
Mohamad Amin Younessi Heravi ◽  
Morteza Pishghadam ◽  
Hosnieh Raoufian ◽  
Akram Gazerani
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Recurrence Quantification Analysis ◽  
Recurrence Plots ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Control Question ◽  
Recurrence Quantification ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Detection Of Deception ◽  
One Way Anova

This study aimed to evaluate a lie-detection system by nonlinear analysis of electrooculography (EOG) signals in the polygraph test. The physiological signals such as photoplethysmography signal, electrodermal response, respiratory changes as well as EOG signal were recorded based on a Control Question Test (CQT). Three psychophysiological signals were evaluated based on the extracted features in the seven-position numerical scoring. The dynamics of EOG signals in subjects that had a total negative score were analyzed by recurrence quantification analysis (RQA). The six values of RQA were calculated to analyze the EOG signals in relevant questions compared to other questions. A one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was performed to evaluate the extracted variables in different questions. Eleven subjects had a total score of [Formula: see text]2 and less, so the EOG signals of these subjects were evaluated. Recurrence plots (RPs) of EOG signals showed clear differences in the two types of questions. The recurrence quantification analysis of vertical EOG signal indicated that [Formula: see text] and determinism (DET) values decreased significantly for relevant questions compared to other questions. Moreover, a significant decrease was observed in all RQA parameters except RR for the horizontal EOG signal. The differences of EOG signals in relevant questions observed using RPs and RQA were possibly related to the underlying changes in rapid eye movement due to the stress. The results of this study illustrate that the RQA technique is well suited to analyze the EOG signals in the detection of deception.

Polygraph Lie Detection on Real Events in a Laboratory Setting

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Bradley ◽  
M. C. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Control Question ◽  
Polygraph Testing ◽  
Emotional Events

This laboratory study dealt with real-life intense emotional events. Subjects generated embarrassing stories from their experience, then submitted to polygraph testing and, by lying, denied their stories and, by telling the truth, denied a randomly assigned story. Money was given as an incentive to be judged innocent on each story. An interrogator, blind to the stories, used Control Question Tests and found subjects more deceptive when lying than when truthful. Stories interacted with order such that lying on the second story was more easily detected than lying on the first. Embarrassing stories provide an alternative to the use of mock crimes to study lie detection in the laboratory.

Machiavellianism, the Control Question Test and the Detection of Deception

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Bradley ◽  
K. I. Klohn
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Control Question ◽  
Detection Of Deception ◽  
High Mach ◽  
Mock Crime ◽  
Psychophysiological Detection

Individuals, differing in levels of Machiavellianism, were involved in a mock crime psychophysiological detection of deception study. It was hypothesized that those scoring high on Machiavellianism would perceive detection results as more accurately reflecting their actual guilt or innocence, especially under conditions of high arousal, than those with low scores. The hypothesis was based on assumptions that subjects must appropriately discriminate amongst crime-relevant and irrelevant questions, that this discrimination is moderately difficult with Control Question Tests, and that high-Mach scorers under arousing conditions will make this discrimination more readily than low-Mach scorers. Partial support for the hypothesis was found in that guilty high-Mach scorers were more accurately detected than guilty low-Mach scorers. This result did not hold for innocent Mach scorers, and there was no augmentation of the effect in conditions designed to increase emotional arousal.

scholarly journals Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Marquart ◽  
Joost de Winter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Diameter Change

Pupillometry is a promising method for assessing mental workload and could be helpful in the optimization of systems that involve human-computer interaction. The present study focuses on replicating the studies by Ahern (1978) and Klingner (2010), which found that for three levels of difficulty of mental multiplications, the more difficult multiplications yielded larger dilations of the pupil. Using a remote eye tracker, our research expands upon these two previous studies by statistically testing for each 1.5 s interval of the calculation period (1) the mean absolute pupil diameter (MPD), (2) the mean pupil diameter change (MPDC) with respect to the pupil diameter during the pre-stimulus accommodation period, and (3) the mean pupil diameter change rate (MPDCR). An additional novelty of our research is that we compared the pupil diameter measure with a self-report measure of workload, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and with the mean blink rate (MBR). The results showed that the findings of Ahern and Klingner were replicated, and that the MPD and MPDC discriminated just as well between the lowest and highest difficulty levels as did the NASA-TLX. The MBR, on the other hand, did not interpretably differentiate between the difficulty levels. Moderate to strong correlations were found between the MPDC and the proportion of incorrect responses, indicating that the MPDC was higher for participants with a poorer performance. For practical applications, validity could be improved by combining pupillometry with other physiological techniques.

scholarly journals Disentangling listening effort and memory load beyond behavioural evidence: Pupillary response to listening effort during a concurrent memory task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Alexandre Lehmann ◽  
Mickael Deroche
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Pupillary Responses ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that pupillometry is a robust measure for quantifying listening effort. However, pupillary responses in listening situations where multiple cognitive functions are engaged and sustained over a period of time remain hard to interpret. This limits our conceptualisation and understanding of listening effort in realistic situations, because rarely in everyday life are people challenged by one task at a time. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to reveal the dynamics of listening effort in a sustained listening condition using a word repeat and recall task.Words were presented in quiet and speech-shaped noise at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Participants were presented with lists of 10 words, and required to repeat each word after its presentation. At the end of the list, participants either recalled as many words as possible or moved on to the next list. Simultaneously, their pupil dilation was recorded throughout the whole experiment.When only word repeating was required, peak pupil dilation (PPD) was bigger in 0dB versus other conditions; whereas when recall was required, PPD showed no difference among SNR levels and PPD in 0dB was smaller than repeat-only condition. Baseline pupil diameter and PPD followed different growth patterns across the 10 serial positions in conditions requiring recall: baseline pupil diameter built up progressively and plateaued in the later positions (but shot up at the onset of recall, i.e. the end of the list); PPD decreased at a pace quicker than in repeat-only condition.The current findings concur with the recent literature in showing that additional cognitive load during a speech intelligibility task could disturb the well-established relation between pupillary response and listening effort. Both the magnitude and temporal pattern of task-evoked pupillary response differ greatly in complex listening conditions, urging for more listening effort studies in complex and realistic listening situations.

scholarly journals Sensory suppression and increased neuromodulation during actions disrupt memory encoding of unpredictable self-initiated stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Paraskevoudi ◽  
Iria SanMiguel
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Differential Processing ◽  
Sensory Suppression ◽  
Sensory Attenuation

Actions modulate sensory processing by attenuating responses to self- compared to externally-generated inputs, which is traditionally attributed to stimulus-specific motor predictions. Yet, suppression has been also found for stimuli merely coinciding with actions, pointing to unspecific processes that may be driven by neuromodulatory systems. Meanwhile, the differential processing for self-generated stimuli raises the possibility of producing effects also on memory for these stimuli, however, evidence remains mixed as to the direction of the effects. Here, we assessed the effects of actions on sensory processing and memory encoding of concomitant, but unpredictable sounds, using a combination of self-generation and memory recognition task concurrently with EEG and pupil recordings. At encoding, subjects performed button presses that half of the time generated a sound (motor-auditory; MA) and listened to passively presented sounds (auditory-only; A). At retrieval, two sounds were presented and participants had to respond which one was present before. We measured memory bias and memory performance by having sequences where either both or only one of the test sounds were presented at encoding, respectively. Results showed worse memory performance — but no differences in memory bias — and attenuated responses and larger pupil diameter for MA compared to A sounds. Critically, the larger the sensory attenuation and pupil diameter, the worse the memory performance for MA sounds. Nevertheless, sensory attenuation did not correlate with pupil dilation. Collectively, our findings suggest that sensory attenuation and neuromodulatory processes coexist during actions, and both relate to disrupted memory for concurrent, albeit unpredictable sounds.

Driver’s Psychophysical Performance at Urban Tunnel

2014 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 871-880
Author(s):  
Qian Xu ◽  
Fei Shao ◽  
Tang Yi Guo ◽  
Lu Lu Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Recording Instrument ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pupillary Change

The objective of this work is to investigate how driving performance is varied in psychophysical phenomenon in urban tunnel. Twelve drivers participated in the real road experiments study, and they were classified into three groups according to age and gender. In experiments, by using the physiology recording instrument and Tobii Studio eye tracker system, the heart rate (HR) and eye movement, the pupillary change of the drivers at the entrance and exit of urban tunnel were separately investigated. Experimental results indicate that drivers’ performance while driving through an entrance and an exit are highly variable at speed, at HR increasing rate, and pupil diameter increasing rate. Middle-aged females and older-aged males are more sensitive to tunnel environment than middle-aged males. There is non-significant effect of tunnel zone on the visual scanning for all the drivers in this study.

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