scholarly journals Primary immune system responders to nucleus pulposus cells: evidence for immune response in disc herniation

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Murai ◽  
◽  
D Sakai ◽  
Y Nakamura ◽  
T Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells

scholarly journals Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9946
Author(s):  
María de los Ángeles Erario ◽  
Eduardo Croce ◽  
Maria Teresita Moviglia Brandolino ◽  
Gustavo Moviglia ◽  
Aníbal M. Grangeat
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Spinal Diseases ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Phase

Ozone therapy has been used to treat disc herniation for more than four decades. There are several papers describing results and mechanism of action. However, it is very important to define the characteristics of extruded disc herniation. Although ozone therapy showed excellent results in the majority of spinal diseases, it is not yet fully accepted within the medical community. Perhaps it is partly due to the fact that, sometimes, indications are not appropriately made. The objective of our work is to explain the mechanisms of action of ozone therapy on the extruded disc herniation. Indeed, these mechanisms are quite different from those exerted by ozone on the protruded disc herniation and on the degenerative disc disease because the inflammatory response is very different between the various cases. Extruded disc herniation occurs when the nucleus squeezes through a weakness or tear in the annulus. Host immune system considers the nucleus material to be a foreign invader, which triggers an immune response and inflammation. We think ozone therapy modulates this immune response, activating macrophages, which produce phagocytosis of extruded nucleus pulposus. Ozone would also facilitate the passage from the M1 to M2 phase of macrophages, going from an inflammatory phase to a reparative phase. Further studies are needed to verify the switch of macrophages.

Transplantation of Activated Nucleus Pulposus Cells after Cryopreservation: Efficacy Study in Canine Disc Degeneration Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. s-0034-1376573-s-0034-1376573
Author(s):  
T. Nukaga ◽  
D. Sakai ◽  
A. Hiyama ◽  
T. Ishii ◽  
T. Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Efficacy Study ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells

Sirtuin 1 Maitains Survival via PKB Signaling in Degenerative Human Disc Nucleus Pulposus Cells*

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-573
Author(s):  
Da-Wu WANG ◽  
Zhen-Ming HU ◽  
Jie HAO ◽  
Bin HE ◽  
Qiang GAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells

scholarly journals The distinct roles of myosin IIA and IIB under compression stress in nucleus pulposus cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencan Ke ◽  
Bingjin Wang ◽  
Wenbin Hua ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Saideng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells ◽  
Myosin Iia

scholarly journals Secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in COVID-19: correlation of the autopsy findings of bone marrow haemophagocytosis with HScore

2021 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-207337
Author(s):  
Claudia Núñez-Torrón ◽  
Ana Ferrer-Gómez ◽  
Esther Moreno Moreno ◽  
Belen Pérez-Mies ◽  
Jesús Villarrubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Bone Marrow Tissue ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Specific Finding ◽  
Clinical Records

BackgroundSecondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is characterised by a hyper activation of immune system that leads to multiorgan failure. It is suggested that excessive immune response in patients with COVID-19 could mimic this syndrome. Some COVID-19 autopsy studies have revealed the presence of haemophagocytosis images in bone marrow, raising the possibility, along with HScore parameters, of sHLH.AimOur objective is to ascertain the existence of sHLH in some patients with severe COVID-19.MethodsWe report the autopsy histological findings of 16 patients with COVID-19, focusing on the presence of haemophagocytosis in bone marrow, obtained from rib squeeze and integrating these findings with HScore parameters. CD68 immunohistochemical stains were used to highlight histiocytes and haemophagocytic cells. Clinical evolution and laboratory parameters of patients were collected from electronic clinical records.ResultsEleven patients (68.7%) displayed moderate histiocytic hyperplasia with haemophagocytosis (HHH) in bone marrow, three patients (18.7%) displayed severe HHH and the remainder were mild. All HScore parameters were collected in 10 patients (62.5%). Among the patients in which all parameters were evaluable, eight patients (80%) had an HScore >169. sHLH was not clinically suspected in any case.ConclusionsOur results support the recommendation of some authors to use the HScore in patients with severe COVID-19 in order to identify those who could benefit from immunosuppressive therapies. The presence of haemophagocytosis in bone marrow tissue, despite not being a specific finding, has proved to be a very useful tool in our study to identify these patients.

scholarly journals The immune response of T cells and therapeutic targets related to regulating the levels of T helper cells after ischaemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Yu Lei ◽  
Ying-Ze Ye ◽  
Xi-Qun Zhu ◽  
Daniel Smerin ◽  
Li-Juan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThrough considerable effort in research and clinical studies, the immune system has been identified as a participant in the onset and progression of brain injury after ischaemic stroke. Due to the involvement of all types of immune cells, the roles of the immune system in stroke pathology and associated effects are complicated. Past research concentrated on the functions of monocytes and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke and tried to demonstrate the mechanisms of tissue injury and protection involving these immune cells. Within the past several years, an increasing number of studies have elucidated the vital functions of T cells in the innate and adaptive immune responses in both the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke. Recently, the phenotypes of T cells with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory function have been demonstrated in detail. T cells with distinctive phenotypes can also influence cerebral inflammation through various pathways, such as regulating the immune response, interacting with brain-resident immune cells and modulating neurogenesis and angiogenesis during different phases following stroke. In view of the limited treatment options available following stroke other than tissue plasminogen activator therapy, understanding the function of immune responses, especially T cell responses, in the post-stroke recovery period can provide a new therapeutic direction. Here, we discuss the different functions and temporal evolution of T cells with different phenotypes during the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke. We suggest that modulating the balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of T cells with distinct phenotypes may become a potential therapeutic approach that reduces the mortality and improves the functional outcomes and prognosis of patients suffering from ischaemic stroke.

scholarly journals Why Does SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induce Autoantibody Production?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Ales Macela ◽  
Klara Kubelkova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Host Cell Interaction ◽  
Primary Virus

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the production of autoantibodies, which is significantly associated with complications during hospitalization and a more severe prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Such a response of the patient’s immune system may reflect (1) the dysregulation of the immune response or (2) it may be an attempt to regulate itself in situations where the non-infectious self poses a greater threat than the infectious non-self. Of significance may be the primary virus-host cell interaction where the surface-bound ACE2 ectoenzyme plays a critical role. Here, we present a brief analysis of recent findings concerning the immune recognition of SARS-CoV-2, which, we believe, favors the second possibility as the underlying reason for the production of autoantibodies during COVID-19.

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