scholarly journals MACINTYRE, RAWLS AND CAVELL ON GAMES, RULES AND PRACTICES

2017 ◽  
pp. 077
Author(s):  
Rastislav Dinić
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Early Paper ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Jude The Obscure

John Rawls and Alasdair Macintyre are usually portrayed as opponents in the liberal-communitarian debate. However, Stanley Cavell’s critique of Rawls’ early paper “Two Concepts of Rules”, helps us recognize a similarity between their accounts of rules, games and practices and the role that these play in moral life. This paper shows that both authors pay insufficient attention to personal relationships, the flexibility of our moral life, and the need to take responsibility for our moral positions. A scene from Thomas Hardy’s “Jude the Obscure” is used to show how this presents a serious problem for Macintyre’s model of tradition-based moral reasoning. 

The Tension Between Human and Cyborg Ethics

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Anne Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Human Costs

This article makes no argument against progress but stresses the importance of making it with foresight. The connection between biotechnology, treatment, and enhancement is discussed, stating the need for regulation. Next, the ideas of transhumanism are presented as a framework for an examination of our human condition and it is illustrated that cyborgs will possibly develop other values than Homo sapiens. Thus, the second part of the article discusses what it means to be an ethical being from the perspective of Francis Fukuyama’s ideas of the importance of human nature to our humanity, and further elaborated on by bringing attention to the significance of the vulnerability to moral reasoning. Furthermore, the article suggests a near connection between embodiment and morality. In the light of this assumption, one can ask about ethical values and democratic cohesion in a world with sub-cultures of cyborgs. Thus, John Rawls’ theory of justice is introduced as a framework for reflections about inter-human costs of a posthuman condition. It is concluded that science need democratic regulation, in order to avoid technocratic decision processes, and guidelines for a regulatory body is given.

Mengzi and the Archimedean Point for Moral Life

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Xinyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Moral Sentiments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ultimate Ground

“The Archimedean point for moral life” discussed in this article refers to the starting point of one’s moral reasoning and what ultimately makes moral life possible. The article intends to show that Mengzi’s doctrine of the Four Beginnings may throw some light on our search for such an Archimedean point. More specifically, it argues for the following: (1) Mengzi’s doctrine of the Four Beginnings actually takes moral sentiments as the Archimedean point for moral life; (2) Mengzi’s view of the starting point of moral reasoning and the ultimate ground for moral life not only can be empirically supported to a great extent, but also logically plausible.

Existentialist ethics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Moral Conduct ◽  
Freedom And Responsibility

Central to existentialism is a radical doctrine of individual freedom and responsibility. On the basis of this, writers such as Sartre have offered an account of the nature of morality and also advanced proposals for moral conduct. Important in that account are the claims that (a) moral values are ‘created’ rather than ‘discovered’, (b) moral responsibility is more extensive than usually assumed, and (c) moral life should not be a matter of following rules. Existentialist proposals for conduct derive from the notion of authenticity, understood as ‘facing up’ to one’s responsibility and not ‘fleeing’ it in ‘bad faith’. Authenticity, many argue, entails treating other people so as to encourage a sense of freedom on their part, although there is disagreement as to the primary forms such treatment should take. Some have argued that we promote a sense of freedom through commitment to certain causes; others that this is best achieved through personal relationships.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Kent Dunnington
Keyword(s):  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

Because it is so clearly indexed to Christian theological convictions, the account of humility developed in this book may appear irrelevant to the field of virtue theory broadly conceived. The Conclusion argues that this way of thinking fails to recognize that the rediscovery of the virtue tradition was originally animated—especially in the thought of Alasdair MacIntyre—by the realization that the moral life is more deeply tradition-dependent than reigning normative theories allow. This book should then be thought of as an exercise in general virtue theory insofar as it attempts carefully to display how one particular virtue, humility, is tradition-dependent all the way down. The Conclusion argues that attempts to specify the virtues in less tradition-dependent ways actually conceal ideological commitments to a liberal political agenda.

Feminist ethics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Tong
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
The Political ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Women's Experience

Critics greet feminist ethics with suspicion, alleging that it is biased towards the interests of women. Feminist ethicists reply that it is traditional ethics which is biased. As they see it, for centuries traditional ethicists claimed to speak for all of humanity, when they were speaking only or primarily for men, and the most privileged of men at that. In contrast, although feminist ethicists openly admit that they proceed from the perspective of women’s experience, their paramount goal is simply to reconstruct traditional ethics so that it becomes more universal and objective by including women’s as well as men’s moral voices. Far from being monolithic, feminist ethics encompasses a wide variety of woman-centred approaches to the moral life. Feminine approaches to ethics, with their stress on personal relationships and an ethics of care, put a premium on the value of human connection. Maternal approaches focus on one relationship in particular, that between mothers and children, as the paradigm for moral interaction. Lesbian approaches stress choice rather than duty, aiming to define the conditions in which lesbian women can flourish. Finally, specifically feminist approaches to ethics emphasize the political task of eliminating systems and structures of male domination and female subordination in both the public and the private domains.

scholarly journals Crítica ao consenso racional de John Rawls segundo Alasdair MacIntyre

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-685
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ribeiro Moreira ◽  
Victor Hugo Maia Osorio
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a apresentação da crítica moral de Alasdair MacIntyre à teoria proposta por John Rawls quanto à dificuldade de consenso racional para definir os critérios da posição original, a fim de elaborar a teoria básica da sociedade. Serão também caracterizados os elementos essenciais da teoria de MacIntyre como alternativa ao modelo de Rawls, usando conceitos como a unidade narrativa da vida humana, a prática e a tradição e como estas auxiliam na elaboração de um critério racional adequado aos modos de vidas particulares. Finalmente, serão expostas algumas críticas à teoria de MacIntyre, a fim de aperfeiçoamento teórico e para uma reatualização do tema.

Community

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Eekelaar
Keyword(s):  
Legal Profession ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

This final chapter considers the critiques of individualism by communitarianism and feminism which followed the work of Alasdair Macintyre. While recognizing the virtues of community, it argues that those critiques paid insufficient attention to the opportunities that community action give for the exercise of power by sectional groups within communities, and that the ultimate purpose of supporting communities must be for the benefit of their individual members. It is argued that cultural rights should not be seen as the rights of groups to control members of the group, but of members of the group to choose to follow practices they see important to their identity. If individuals are to be adequately protected against the power of the community and of powerful individuals, institutions must exist wherein their rights can be articulated. The roles of the legal profession and mediation are examined in this context, including the place of legal aid.

scholarly journals FORMALIDAD Y SUSTANTIVIDAD DE LA JUSTIFICACIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES, EN JOHN RAWLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (240) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Suárez Romero
Keyword(s):  
John Rawls ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Alasdair Macintyre ◽  
Ronald Dworkin ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Will Kymlicka ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Pensamiento Filosofico

<p>En el pensamiento filosófico, ético y jurídico de la actualidad, podemosidentificar tres grandes corrientes que tratan de explicar los problemas del tiempo presente. La primera de ellas, es aquella que se identifica con las voces del liberalismo como renovación del pensamiento kantiano, dentro de la cual se encuentran pensadores como John Rawls y Ronald Dworkin. La segunda, que critica severamente el modelo anterior, está representado por una serie de autores comunitaristas que presentan un planteamiento distinto al proyecto ilustrado de la modernidad, en donde podemos encontrar personajes como Charles Taylor y Will Kymlicka, pudiendo añadir aquel otro pensamiento completamente escéptico ante la posibilidad de fundamentar los derechos como sería el caso de Alasdair MacIntyre.</p><p>Por último, la tercera de las corrientes a las que nos hemos referido es la voz de la segunda escuela de Francfort, la cual mediante un intento de fusionar los dos modelos anteriores, pretende proseguir el liberalismo del programa moderno sobre bases teóricas hegelianas, cuyo principal representante es sin duda alguna Jürgen Habermas.<br /><br />El presente trabajo intenta analizar algunos de los aspectos más relevantes de un autor que representa a la primera de las corrientes antes aludida, es decir, del profesor de la Universidad de Harvard:John Rawls.<br />Las líneas subsiguientes se encuentran motivadas por la interrogante planteada, acerca de si la fundamentación de los Derechos Humanos propuesta por Rawls es, desde el punto de vista de la Teoría de la Justicia una fundamentación de carácter formal o más bien sustantiva.</p>

The Tension Between Human and Cyborg Ethics

2013 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Anne Gerdes
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Human Costs

This article makes no argument against progress but stresses the importance of making it with foresight. The connection between biotechnology, treatment, and enhancement is discussed, stating the need for regulation. Next, the ideas of transhumanism are presented as a framework for an examination of our human condition and it is illustrated that cyborgs will possibly develop other values than Homo sapiens. Thus, the second part of the article discusses what it means to be an ethical being from the perspective of Francis Fukuyama’s ideas of the importance of human nature to our humanity, and further elaborated on by bringing attention to the significance of the vulnerability to moral reasoning. Furthermore, the article suggests a near connection between embodiment and morality. In the light of this assumption, one can ask about ethical values and democratic cohesion in a world with sub-cultures of cyborgs. Thus, John Rawls’ theory of justice is introduced as a framework for reflections about inter-human costs of a posthuman condition. It is concluded that science need democratic regulation, in order to avoid technocratic decision processes, and guidelines for a regulatory body is given.

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