scholarly journals Correlation Among Ground Beef Lipid Content, Color, and Lipid Oxidation Over a 7-Day Simulated Retail Display Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
L. M. Wang ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
S. Chalupa-Krebzdak ◽  
S. M. Vasquez Mejia ◽  
B. M. Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Retail Display

scholarly journals The Relationship between Lipid Content in Ground Beef Patties with Rate of Discoloration and Lipid Oxidation during Simulated Retail Display

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1982
Author(s):  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
José M. Lorenzo ◽  
Benjamin M. Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Instrumental Color ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Retail Display

The relationships between the lipid content, lipid oxidation, and discoloration rate of ground beef during a simulated retail display were characterized in this study. A total of 276 batches of ground beef were manufactured with inside rounds and subcutaneous fat from 138 beef carcasses at different targeted levels of lean:fat. There was a total of four different targeted grind levels during the manufacture of the ground beef, and the lipid content for the samples used in this study ranged from 2% to 32% total lipid. Fatty acid composition was determined based on subcutaneous fat, whereas the proximate composition of moisture and total lipids, instrumental color, visual discoloration, and lipid oxidation measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were evaluated on ground beef patties during 7 days of simulated retail at 4 °C display under LED lights. Analysis for the correlation and the creation of linear regression models indicated that lipid content played a more critical role in the discoloration rate compared to lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition. Lipid oxidation could be more reliably predicted by lipid content and instrumental color compared to visual discoloration. Overall, ground beef formulated with greater lipid content is expected to experience greater rates of lipid oxidation and discoloration during retail display.

scholarly journals Correlation Among Ground Beef Lipid Content, Color, and Lipid Oxidation Over a 7-Day Simulated Retail Display Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Wang ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
S. Chalupa-Krebzdak ◽  
S. M. Vasquez Mejia ◽  
B. M. Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
Tbars Values

ObjectivesGround beef is more susceptible to lipid oxidation compared to whole muscle beef cuts. This is due to its smaller particle size and greater surface area, which makes the meat products more prone to be exposed to various environmental factors during production. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among ground beef lipid content, instrumental color, visual discoloration, and lipid oxidation over a 7d simulated retail display period.Materials and MethodsBeef inside rounds (IMPS #168) from the right sides of steer carcasses (n = 63) were collected from a commercial processing facility and delivered to the U of Guelph Meat Science Laboratory for further analyses. Each inside round was trimmed of all subcutaneous fat and connective tissue, and then fabricated into ground beef patties (113 g/patty) at two targeted fat addition levels (no added fat and 25%). Lean ground beef (no added fat) was made by grinding cubes of inside round muscle through a Sirman Master 90 Y12 meat grinder (Sirman USA, Franklin Park, IL). Regular ground beef (25% added fat) was made by grinding cubed round muscle with an additional 25% subcutaneous fat that originated from the rib primal of the same carcass. For the simulated retail shelf life study, 2 crust frozen patties (crust frozen for 1 h to improve packaging ability) were placed on a Styrofoam meat tray with a soaker pad and overwrapped with PVC film. In total, there were 4 trays of patties per ID (2 trays/targeted fat level). Trays were placed under two LED lights (52 W, 1850 lumens, color temperature of 4000K, 1612.5 to 2152 lux) at 4°C and the locations on shelves were changed every 24 h. Minolta L*, a*, b* color and subjective surface discoloration were evaluated every 24 h for 7 d. Lipid peroxidation of patties before and after the retail display was estimated using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS; mg MDA/g fat). Lipid content of patties was quantified using Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether. Summary statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients were determined using the PROC CORR procedure of SAS. Correlations were regarded as weak at r < |0.35|, moderate at |0.36| ≤ r ≤ |0.67|, and strong at r ≥ |0.68|.ResultsLipid content in the 126 ground beef samples evaluated in this study ranged from 3.47% to 30.43% (16.30% ± 6.18%). A moderate and significant correlation was observed between lipid content and change in TBARS values (r = –0.59, P < 0.0001). Similarly, an increase in lipid content is moderately correlated with a decrease in a* values (r = –0.58, P < 0.0001) and an increase in surface discoloration after a 7d display period (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001). Δ TBARS values was weakly correlated with Δ L* (r = 0.24, P < 0.01), Δ a* (r = 0.11, P = 0.25), and visual discoloration (r = –0.16, P = 0.09). Finally, Δ a* was strongly correlated with surface discoloration values at d7 (r = –0.76, P < 0.0001).ConclusionAn increase of lipid content in ground beef had a moderate association with decreased redness, greater surface discoloration, and less change in lipid oxidation over a 7d simulated retail display period. Color values were not great predictors of lipid oxidation values and trained technicians often equated visual discoloration in beef to a deviation from the desired cherry red color.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant-Based Proteins on the Fresh and Cooked Characteristics of Ground Beef Patties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1971
Author(s):  
Jase J. Ball ◽  
Ross P. Wyatt ◽  
Barry D. Lambert ◽  
Hunter R. Smith ◽  
Tristan M. Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
Textured Vegetable Protein

Blended meat/plant products are capturing industry market space at the retail counter for value-added beef products. Plant protein ingredients can be added to meat formulations to create appealing and functional products. Ground beef was combined with one of three plant protein inclusion treatments: control, pea, oat, or rice, along with 5% textured vegetable protein (TVP) and 1.5% soy protein concentrate then formed into 226 g patties containing up to 10% plant-based proteins. Patties were analyzed for fresh and cooked characteristics throughout a 5- or 7-day retail display. The inclusion of plant-based proteins negatively affected the instrumental tenderness values which were greater (p < 0.01) in plant-inclusion patties compared to the control patties. The inclusion of plant proteins increased (p = 0.01) the cooking yield of patties compared to the control. Cooking time was longer (p = 0.04) for oat patties compared to the control patties. Cooked color values for vegetable inclusion patties did not affect (p = 0.12) lightness (CIE L*) values; however, redness (CIE a*) was greater (p < 0.01) for rice than all other treatments and yellowness (CIE b*) values were greater (p < 0.01) for all protein treatments compared to the control. Rice improved (p < 0.01) fresh a* values on day 5 of display compared to the control; whereas pea decreased (p = 0.04) values compared to the control. There was a treatment × day interaction (p < 0.01) on lipid oxidation values with a reduction in values on day 3 for all vegetable proteins compared to the control and on day 7 lipid oxidation was reduced (p ≤ 0.03) for oat patties.

scholarly journals Contemporary light sources and their impact on the discoloration and oxidation of fresh beef products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jade Victoria Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Whole Muscle

Discolored fresh meat products in a retail setting are often perceived negatively by consumers when making purchasing decisions. Prolonging fresh meat color is critical for the retail industry in regard to sales and consumer perception. Variation in retail display settings can impact meat color shelf life from both a discoloration and oxidation standpoint. Lighting technologies are known to impact meat discoloration due to light intensities and temperature variations. A growing demand for the use of energy efficient lighting sources such as light emitting diode (LED) bulbs is being adopted in the United States. Therefore, it is imperative to know the impact these new lighting technologies have on fresh meat quality. Three trials were conducted to determine the impact of LED lighting technologies in comparison to commonly used fluorescent (both low [FLO] and high - UV [HFLO]) bulbs, and no light source (DRK). In a study conducted on ground beef from the Semimembranosus (SM) (n = 20) patties at two different fat levels (5 and 25 percent) had superior a* values, oxymyoglobin concentrations (MbO2), and lipid oxidation levels (TBARS) than those treated with LED or FLO light sources over 7 days of retail display. Patties displayed under LED bulbs had higher a* values and MbO2 concentrations than patties displayed under FLO light sources. Data indicated that the use of LED bulbs on ground beef promoted greater red color retention and less oxidation than FLO bulbs in a retail display setting. To evaluate retail display settings and fresh beef cuts further, two whole muscle cuts one color labile cut (Triceps brachii [TB]) (n = 20) and steaks from the SM (n = 20), known to be moderately color stable were evaluated under HFLO, FLO, and LED light sources over 7 days of retail display. For both whole muscle cuts, the use of HFLO light sources promoted greater redness retention as indicated by MbO2 and a* values, less lipid oxidation as indicated by TBARS values, and less undesirable metmyoglobin (MMb) formation in comparison to steaks displayed under FLO or LED light treatments. The use of LED bulbs for prolonged ground beef retail display was superior to other light sources. However, ground beef is rarely displayed in retail settings for an extended period of time. The use of LED bulbs showed no advantages when displaying whole muscle cuts. Therefore, data from this study suggests while from an energy efficiency standpoint LED bulbs can be beneficial to retail settings. However, from a fresh meat quality standpoint, there is no advantage from color or oxidative standpoint for using LED lights in a retail display setting for fresh beef products.

scholarly journals Shelf life of ground beef enriched with omega‐3 and/or conjugated linoleic acid and use of grape seed extract to inhibit lipid oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Gómez ◽  
María J. Beriain ◽  
Jose A. Mendizabal ◽  
Carolina Realini ◽  
Antonio Purroy
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Comparison of Dried Plum Puree, Rosemary Extract, and BHA/BHT as Antioxidants in Irradiated Ground Beef Patties

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Movileanu ◽  
Máryuri T. Núñez de González ◽  
Brian Hafley ◽  
Rhonda K. Miller ◽  
Jimmy T. Keeton
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Beef Patties ◽  
Tbars Values ◽  
Dose Levels

Fresh ground beef patties with (1) no antioxidant (control), (2) 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole/butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA/BHT), (3) 3% dried plum puree, or (4) 0.25% rosemary extract were aerobically packaged, irradiated at target doses of 0, 1.5, or 2.0 kGy (1.7 and 2.3 kGy actual doses), and stored at C. The samples were evaluated for lipid oxidation on 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage after irradiation. When compared to the control, all antioxidant treatments were effective in retarding () irradiation-induced lipid oxidation during storage as determined by 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) values. Rosemary extracts had the same antioxidant effect () as BHA/BHT in irradiated and nonirradiated beef patties, followed by the dried plum puree treatment. Irradiation increased TBARs values, but no differences were noted in oxidation between irradiation dose levels.

scholarly journals 99 Effects of replacing monensin and tylosin in finishing cattle diets with essential oil and/or benzoic acid on meat color and oxidative stability of ribeye steaks and ground beef

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
Lydia M Wang ◽  
Shiqi Huang ◽  
Sebastian Chalupa-Krebzdak ◽  
Sandra M Vasquez Mejia ◽  
Benjamin M Bohrer
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Instrumental Color ◽  
Beef Products

Abstract This study examined the effects of replacing monensin and tylosin with essential oils and/or benzoic acid in finishing cattle diets on beef color stability and lipid oxidation during a simulated retail display period. The longissimus thoracis (LT) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were obtained from 63 steers that were fed for 98 days on 1 of 5 finishing diets: no additional supplement (CON), monensin/tylosin (M/T), essential oils (EO), benzoic acid (BA), or a combination of essential oils and benzoic acid (COMBO). Instrumental color measured with a Minolta colorimeter and visual discoloration evaluated by two trained panelists were recorded daily for three beef products placed under simulated retail conditions, until a 60% surface discoloration was observed. The three beef products evaluated were LT steaks, and two types of ground beef patties manufactured with the SM muscles (lean – no additional fat and regular – 25% added fat). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used before and after the shelf life display to determine the degree of lipid oxidation for products during the display. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS using repeated measures. Results indicated a treatment by day interaction (P < 0.0001) for visual discoloration and instrumental color of all three products. At the end of the display period, products from the COMBO diet had on average the least amount of visual discoloration and the greatest a* (redness) value, while the CON steaks and M/T ground beef had the most discoloration and the lowest a* values. TBARS values at d 0 and d 7 did not differ (P > 0.23) among treatments for all three products. Overall, supplemental ingredients in feed did not affect the color and degree of lipid oxidation of steaks and ground beef to a level deemed detrimental.

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