Cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on cancer and immune cells: how can it be modulated to generate novel therapeutic strategies?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 2645-2654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Rébé ◽  
François Ghiringhelli
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Cellular based immunotherapy for primary liver cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jiao Feng ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Jie Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Common Malignancy ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractPrimary liver cancer (PLC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality. Poor prognosis and easy recurrence on PLC patients calls for optimizations of the current conventional treatments and the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. For most malignancies, including PLC, immune cells play crucial roles in regulating tumor microenvironments and specifically recognizing tumor cells. Therefore, cellular based immunotherapy has its instinctive advantages in PLC therapy as a novel therapeutic strategy. From the active and passive immune perspectives, we introduced the cellular based immunotherapies for PLC in this review, covering both the lymphoid and myeloid cells. Then we briefly review the combined cellular immunotherapeutic approaches and the existing obstacles for PLC treatment.

scholarly journals The Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Malignant Melanoma

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2740
Author(s):  
Ying-Chen Cheng ◽  
Yu-An Chang ◽  
Yi-Jen Chen ◽  
Hsu-Min Sung ◽  
Ivan Bogeski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Different types of cells, such as endothelial cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and immune cells, release extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the tumor microenvironment. The components of EVs include proteins, DNA, RNA, and microRNA. One of the most important functions of EVs is the transfer of aforementioned bioactive molecules, which in cancer cells may affect tumor growth, progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Furthermore, EVs affect the presentation of antigens to immune cells via the transfer of nucleic acids, peptides, and proteins to recipient cells. Recent studies have also explored the potential application of EVs in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which EVs regulate melanoma development, progression, and their potentials to be applied in therapy. We initially describe vesicle components; discuss their effects on proliferation, anti-melanoma immunity, and drug resistance; and finally focus on the effects of EV-derived microRNAs on melanoma pathobiology. This work aims to facilitate our understanding of the influence of EVs on melanoma biology and initiate ideas for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Lowering LDLCholesterol

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhao-Peng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Statins are currently the major therapeutic strategies to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. However, a number of hypercholesterolemia patients still have a residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk despite taking the maximum-tolerated dose of statins. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), inducing its degradation in the lysosome and inhibiting LDLR recirculating to the cell membranes. The gain-offunction mutations in PCSK9 elevate the LDL-C levels in plasma. Therefore, PCSK9 inhibitors become novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Several PCSK9 inhibitors have been under investigation, and much progress has been made in clinical trials, especially for monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Two MoAbs, evolocumab and alirocumab, are now in clinical use. In this review, we summarize the development of PCSK9 inhibitors, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNA (siRNA), small molecule inhibitor, MoAbs, mimetic peptides and adnectins, and the related safety issues.

scholarly journals The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) in the Challenging Future of Cancer Therapy and Age-Related Diseases

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cuollo ◽  
Fabrizio Antonangeli ◽  
Angela Santoni ◽  
Alessandra Soriani
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Senescent Cell ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cellular senescence represents a robust tumor-protecting mechanism that halts the proliferation of stressed or premalignant cells. However, this state of stable proliferative arrest is accompanied by the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), which entails the copious secretion of proinflammatory signals in the tissue microenvironment and contributes to age-related conditions, including, paradoxically, cancer. Novel therapeutic strategies aim at eliminating senescent cells with the use of senolytics or abolishing the SASP without killing the senescent cell with the use of the so-called “senomorphics”. In addition, recent works demonstrate the possibility of modifying the composition of the secretome by genetic or pharmacological intervention. The purpose is not to renounce the potent immunostimulatory nature of SASP, but rather learning to modulate it for combating cancer and other age-related diseases. This review describes the main molecular mechanisms regulating the SASP and reports the evidence of the feasibility of abrogating or modulating the SASP, discussing the possible implications of both strategies.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: An update on the molecular mechanism and novel therapeutic strategies for effective management

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 111708
Author(s):  
Pushkar Singh Rawat ◽  
Aiswarya Jaiswal ◽  
Amit Khurana ◽  
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti ◽  
Umashanker Navik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Short-Term Reproducibility of MUC5AC Measurement in Human Tear Fluid

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Woodward ◽  
Michelle Senchyna ◽  
Pablo Argüeso
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Individual Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

The assessment of tear fluid components is a common and valuable approach to understanding ocular surface disease and testing the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies. However, the interpretation and utility of the findings can be limited by changes in the composition of the tear film, particularly in studies requiring repetitive patient sampling. Here, tear samples were collected twice within a one-hour interval to evaluate the short-term reproducibility of an immunoassay aimed to measure the amount of MUC5AC mucin. We found no statistical difference in total protein or MUC5AC content between the two consecutive collections of tear fluid, although the inter-individual variability in each group was high, with coefficients of variation exceeding 30% and 50%, respectively. Scatterplots showed a significant correlation in both protein and MUC5AC following collection within a one-hour interval. These data indicate that, regardless of the high inter-individual variability, repeated collection of tear fluid within an hour interval produces reproducible intra-individual data in terms of MUC5AC mucin content, and suggest that the normal mucin composition of the tear fluid can be re-established within an hour of the initial collection.

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