Systematic revision of the widespread species Sarcodia ceylanica (Sarcodiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Indo-Pacific Oceans, including S. suiae sp. nov.

Phycologia ◽  
10.2216/16-31 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conxi Rodríguez-Prieto ◽  
Olivier De Clerck ◽  
Taiju Kitayama ◽  
Showe-Mei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Widespread Species

Contrasting and complex evolutionary histories within the terapontid grunter genus Hephaestus revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial genes

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Pusey ◽  
Andrew Bentley ◽  
Damien Burrows ◽  
Colton Perna ◽  
Aaron Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Cryptic Speciation ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Gene Data

Contrasting evolutionary histories may be revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear information. Divergent New Guinean and eastern and western Australian lineages of Hephaestus fuliginosus (sooty grunter) were detected using mitochondrial data, with the extent of divergence consistent with cryptic speciation events. However, this phylogeographic pattern was not supported by nuclear gene data, and evidence for cryptic speciation appears driven almost entirely by introgression between H. fuliginosus and congeners on the periphery of its distribution (e.g. with H. tulliensis, H. jenkinsi or H. roemeri). Hephaestus fuliginosus is a single species with a complex evolutionary history. Introgression on the eastern coast is consistent with transfer of the mitochondrial genome of the resident species (H. tulliensis) to the invading species (H. fuliginosus) and may have provided the metabolic capacity for H. fuliginosus to spread into the cooler rainforest environment of the Wet Tropics region. Mitochondrial and nuclear analyses both identified the genus Hephaestus as polyphyletic with H. carbo and H. habbemai placed in a clade with Leiopotherapon unicolor and Amniataba percoides. The present study demonstrated the need to consider a variety of genetic information when assessing species identity in a widespread species and the need for a systematic revision of the genus and family as a whole.

A systematic revision of the genus Archocentrus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with the description of two new genera and six new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1603 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN J. SCHMITTER-SOTO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
As Species ◽  
To Receive

The cichlid genus Archocentrus has been considered one of the most promising (i.e., possibly natural) genera resurrected to receive some of the species formerly included in Cichlasoma. Evidence is presented to justify generic recognition of Archocentrus, as well as eight other closely related genera (Caquetaia, Hypsophrys, Parachromis, Amphilophus, Archocentrus, Cryptoheros, Amatitlania, and Rocio). Of these, Amatitlania (type species, A. nigrofasciata) and Rocio (type species, R. octofasciata) are described as new. The present revision treats all nominal species ever assigned to Archocentrus, as well as species that have been included in or near the same clade as Archocentrus centrarchus (type species of the genus) in available phylogenetic analyses. Geographical variation in morphology of the more widespread species was examined, which has resulted in the description of six new species (Cryptoheros chetumalensis, Amatitlania coatepeque, A. kanna, A. siquia, Rocio gemmata, and R. ocotal) with a seventh resurrected from synonymy (Cryptoheros cutteri). Archocentrus includes the type species (Ar. centrarchus), plus Ar. spinosissimus and Ar. multispinosus. Cryptoheros is restricted to the species complexes of Cr. spilurus (= subgenus Cryptoheros, including also Cr. chetumalensis and Cr. cutteri) and Cr. septemfasciatus (= Bussingius n. subgen., including also Cryptoheros altoflavus, Cr. nanoluteus, Cr. myrnae, and Cr. sajica); Cryptoheros panamensis is placed in Panamius n. subgen. Herotilapia is synonymized with Archocentrus, and Neetroplus is synonymized with Hypsophrys, which now includes the type species H. nicaraguensis and H. nematopus. Lectotypes are designated for Amatitlania nigrofasciata, Archocentrus spinosissimus, Cryptoheros septemfasciatus, Cr. spilurus, and Rocio octofasciata. Cichlasoma immaculatum is considered to be a synonym of Archocentrus spilurus, not of Ar. spinosissimus.

Female Maylandia zebra prefer victorious males

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Thomas Mellor ◽  
Catherine Tarsiewicz ◽  
Rebecca Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Lake Malawi ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Haplochromine Cichlids ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Females of a widespread species of the rock‐dwelling haplochromine cichlids of Lake Malawi, Maylandia zebra, show preference for males that successfully evict intruding males from their territory. This behaviour, experimentally induced by the investigators in a laboratory setting, was also preferred over males that were not permitted to interact with any other individual.

Gemmae in Tetralophozia setiformis (Anastrophyllaceae, Marchantiophyta) and their second record in Eurasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
M. V. Dulin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Murmansk Region

Tetralophozia setiformis is a widespread species occurring usually without organs of sexual and asexual reproduction. Gemmae of Tetralophozia setiformis were observed for the second time in Russia and Eurasia in the Northern Urals, Komi Republic. They form compact masses over upper leaves. The compact masses consist largely (70 %) of immature gemmae. Description of gemmae and gemmiparous shoots from the Northern Urals and their comparison with those from the other known localities, namely British Columbia (Canada) and the Murmansk Region (European Russia) were carried out. The gemmiparous plants of T. setiformis from the Northern Urals have approximately the same width as plants without gemmae but they are shorter. The leaves of gemmiparous plants from the Northern Urals are similar to leaves of gemmiparous plants from British Columbia. The leaf shape in upper part of the gemmiparous shoots varies from the typical to ± modified from gemmae production. These leaf shape transitions include reduction of leaf size and lobe number from 4 to 2–3, suppression of development and disappearance of characteristic teeth at the base of sinus. Gemmae size (17 × 22 μm) of plants from the Northern Urals is within variability recorded for plants from the Murmansk Region and British Columbia.

Population Genetics ofCaenorhabditis elegans: The Paradox of Low Polymorphism in a Widespread Species

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Sivasundar ◽  
Jody Hey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Model Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans has become one of the most widely used model research organisms, yet we have little information on evolutionary processes and recent evolutionary history of this widespread species. We examined patterns of variation at 20 microsatellite loci in a sample of 23 natural isolates of C. elegans from various parts of the world. One-half of the loci were monomorphic among all strains, and overall genetic variation at microsatellite loci was low, relative to most other species. Some population structure was detected, but there was no association between the genetic and geographic distances among different natural isolates. Thus, despite the nearly worldwide occurrence of C. elegans, little evidence was found for local adaptation in strains derived from different parts of the world. The low levels of genetic variation within and among populations suggest that recent colonization and population expansion might have occurred. However, the patterns of variation are not consistent with population expansion. A possible explanation for the observed patterns is the action of background selection to reduce polymorphism, coupled with ongoing gene flow among populations worldwide.

Revision of Banded Knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4379 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK M. CRAIG ◽  
LUIZ R. MALABARBA ◽  
WILLIAM G. R. CRAMPTON ◽  
JAMES S. ALBERT
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Electric Organ Discharges

Banded Knifefishes (Gymnotus, Gymnotidae) comprise the most species-rich, ecologically tolerant (eurytopic), and geographically widespread genus of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes), with 40 valid species occupying most habitats and regions throughout the humid Neotropics. Despite substantial alpha-taxonomic work in recent years, parts of the genus remain characterized by taxonomic confusion. Here we describe and delimit species of the G. carapo and G. tigre clades from the southern Neotropics, using body proportions (caliper-based morphometrics), fin-ray, scale and laterosensory-pore counts (meristics), quantitative shape differences (geometric morphometrics), osteology, color patterns and electric organ discharges. We report these data from 174 Gymnotus specimens collected from 100 localities throughout the southern Neotropics, and delimit species boundaries in a multivariate statistical framework. We find six species of the G. carapo clade (G. carapo australis, G. cuia n. sp., G. chimarrao, G. omarorum, G. pantanal, and G. sylvius), and two species of the G. tigre clade (G. inaequilabiatus and G. paraguensis) in the southern Neotropics. The new species G. cuia is readily distinguished from the morphologically similar and broadly sympatric G. c. australis by a shorter head and deeper head and body, and from the morphologically similar and sympatric G. omarorum by fewer lateral-line ventral rami and fewer pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral ramus. We also review the geographic distributions of all eight species of the G. carapo and G. tigre clades in the southern Neotropics, showing that G. cuia is the most widespread species in the region. These results affirm the importance of understanding the structure of variation within and between species, both geographic and ontogenetic, in delimiting species boundaries. 

scholarly journals A systematic revision of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae in Egypt: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using ecological and genetic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd. S. El zayat ◽  
Mahmoud El Sayd Ali ◽  
Mohamed Hamdy Amar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background The Capparaceae family is commonly recognized as a caper, while Cleomaceae represents one of small flowering family within the order Brassicales. Earlier, Cleomaceae was included in the family Capparaceae; then, it was moved to a distinct family after DNA evidence. Variation in habits and a bewildering array of floral and fruit forms contributed to making Capparaceae a “trash-basket” family in which many unrelated plants were placed. Indeed, family Capparaceae and Cleomaceae are in clear need of more detailed systematic revision. Results Here, in the present study, the morphological characteristics and the ecological distribution as well as the genetic diversity analysis among the twelve species of both Capparaceae and Cleomaceae have been determined. The genetic analysis has been checked using 15 ISSR, 30 SRAP, and 18 ISTR to assess the systematic knots between the two families. In order to detect the molecular phylogeny, a comparative analysis of the three markers was performed based on the exposure of discriminating capacity, efficiency, and phylogenetic heatmap. Our results indicated that there is a morphological and ecological variation between the two families. Moreover, the molecular analysis confirmed that ISTR followed by SRAP markers has superior discriminating capacity for describing the genetic diversity and is able to simultaneously distinguish many polymorphic markers per reaction. Indeed, both the PCA and HCA data have drawn a successful annotation relationship in Capparaceae and Cleome species to evaluate whether the specific group sort individual or overlap groups. Conclusion The outcomes of the morphological and ecological characterization along with the genetic diversity indicated an insight solution thorny interspecies in Cleome and Gynandropsis genera as a distinct family (Cleomaceae) and the other genera (Capparis, Cadaba, Boscia, and Maerua) as Capparaceae. Finally, we recommended further studies to elucidate the systematic position of Dipterygium glaucum.

scholarly journals Venom-gland transcriptomic, venomic, and antivenomic profiles of the spine-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis curtus) from the South China Sea

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yan Zhao ◽  
Lin Wen ◽  
Yu-Feng Miao ◽  
Yu Du ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Protein Families ◽  
The South ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
China Sea

Abstract Background A comprehensive evaluation of the -omic profiles of venom is important for understanding the potential function and evolution of snake venom. Here, we conducted an integrated multi-omics-analysis to unveil the venom-transcriptomic and venomic profiles in a same group of spine-bellied sea snakes (Hydrophis curtus) from the South China Sea, where the snake is a widespread species and might generate regionally-specific venom potentially harmful to human activities. The capacity of two heterologous antivenoms to immunocapture the H. curtus venom was determined for an in-depth evaluation of their rationality in treatment of H. curtus envenomation. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood was used to detect the adaptive molecular evolution of full-length toxin-coding unigenes. Results A total of 90,909,384 pairs of clean reads were generated via Illumina sequencing from a pooled cDNA library of six specimens, and yielding 148,121 unigenes through de novo assembly. Sequence similarity searching harvested 63,845 valid annotations, including 63,789 non-toxin-coding and 56 toxin-coding unigenes belonging to 22 protein families. Three protein families, three-finger toxins (3-FTx), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and cysteine-rich secretory protein, were detected in the venom proteome. 3-FTx (27.15% in the transcriptome/41.94% in the proteome) and PLA2 (59.71%/49.36%) were identified as the most abundant families in the venom-gland transcriptome and venom proteome. In addition, 24 unigenes from 11 protein families were shown to have experienced positive selection in their evolutionary history, whereas four were relatively conserved throughout evolution. Commercial Naja atra antivenom exhibited a stronger capacity than Bungarus multicinctus antivenom to immunocapture H. curtus venom components, especially short neurotoxins, with the capacity of both antivenoms to immunocapture short neurotoxins being weaker than that for PLA2s. Conclusions Our study clarified the venom-gland transcriptomic and venomic profiles along with the within-group divergence of a H. curtus population from the South China Sea. Adaptive evolution of most venom components driven by natural selection appeared to occur rapidly during evolutionary history. Notably, the utility of commercial N. atra and B. multicinctus antivenoms against H. curtus toxins was not comprehensive; thus, the development of species-specific antivenom is urgently needed.

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