scholarly journals Mothers/Caregivers Age and Family Structure Predicted Knowledge on Recommended Nutrition Practices for Children under 5 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. p394
Author(s):  
Jacob Setorglo ◽  
Moses K. Klevor ◽  
Philip Narteh Gorleku ◽  
Mirabel Asomboya ◽  
Kingsley Kwadwo AsarePereko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5

Introduction: There are recommendations regarding infant and young child feeding and when followed children’s growth are optimum. These feeding practices are age definitive, starting from exclusive breastfeeding, to the transition of the child to complementary foods. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess factors that determine nutritional knowledge among mothers/caretaker regarding children under five years. Methods: A cross sectional study design employing quantitative methods was chosen for this study. The study population comprised 285 caregivers and their children aged of 6 and 59 months. Respondents were chosen randomly from four hard-to-reach communities and two peri-urban communities within three sub-municipalities, who lived in and accessed child welfare services during the study period. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect background and nutritional knowledge data from the respondents. Maternal/caretaker knowledge on recommended nutritional practice was split into two with scores were greater than 7 out of the 13 knowledge items was considered as good. STATA version 14 was used to analyze data and statistical significance determine at 95% confidence interval.Results: The average age of the children under 5 years and their mothers/caretakers were 32 months and 29 years respectively. About 73% had nuclear family structure. Results of Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests for association indicated that, mother’s/caretaker’s age (p<0.001), family structure (p=0.010) and access to media information (p<0.001) were significantly associated with mother’s good nutritional knowledge on recommended practices. Mothers/caretakers age (OR=0.17; 95%CI: (0.70-0.43); family structure (OR=0.30; 95% CI (0.11-0.78) and access to media (AOR=5.12; 95% (2.46-10.69) predicted mothers nutritional knowledge. Conclusions: Maternal/caretaker factors predicted nutritional knowledge when feeding a child in both peri-urban and rural areas. These factors should be considered when promoting child nutrition.

Trends in inequalities in childhood stunting in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betregiorgis Zegeye ◽  
Gebretsadik Shibre ◽  
Dina Idriss-Wheeler ◽  
Sanni Yaya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Uncertainty Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Agenda 2030

Abstract Background The decrease in the magnitude of stunting over the past 20 years has been slow in Ethiopia. To date, in Ethiopia, the trends in and extent of inequality in stunting have not been investigated using methods suitably developed for disparity studies. This paper investigated both the extent and overtime dynamics of stunting inequality in Ethiopia over the last 17 years. Methods Using the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit software, data from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health surveys (EDHS) were analyzed between 2000 and 2016. The inequality analysis consisted of disaggregated rates of stunting using five equity stratifiers (economic status, education, residence, region and sex) and four summary measures (Difference, Population Attributable risk, Ratio and Absolute Concentration Index). A 95% uncertainty interval was constructed around point estimates to measure statistical significance. Results The study showed that both absolute and relative inequalities in stunting exist in all the studied years in Ethiopia. The inequality disfavors children of mothers who are poor, uneducated and living in rural areas and specific regions such as Amhara. The pro-rich (R = 1.2; 1.1, 1.3 in 2000 to R = 1.7; 1.4, 2 in 2016) and pro-educated (R = 1.6; 95%UI = 1.3, 1.9 in 2000 and R = 2.3; 95%UI = 1.5, 3 in 2011) inequalities slightly increased with time. Male children bear a disproportionately higher burden of stunting, and the disparity increased between the first and the last time points (PAR = −1.5 95%UI = −2.5, −0.6 in 2000 and PAR = −2.9 95%UI = −3.9, −1.9) based on complex measures but remained constant with simple measures (R = 1; 95%UI = 0.9, 1.1 in 2000 and R = 1.1 95%UI = 1, 1.2 in 2016). Similarly, both the sub-national regional and residence-related stunting disparities generally widened over time according to some of the inequality measures. Conclusions Stunting appeared to be highly prevalent among certain sub-groups (i.e. poor, uneducated and living in rural regions). The subpopulations experiencing excessively high stunting prevalence should be the focus of policy makers’ attention as they work to achieve the WHO 40% reduction in stunting target by 2025 and the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 among the general people in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study in Rajshahi district

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243410
Author(s):  
Md. Masud Rana ◽  
Md. Reazul Karim ◽  
Md. Abdul Wadood ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Kabir ◽  
Md. Mahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background Until now, no vaccine or effective drug is available for the control, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19. Preventive measures are the only ways to be protected from the disease and knowledge of the people about the preventive measures is a vital matter. Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of the general people in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh regarding the COVID-19 preventive measures. Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted from March 10 to April 25, 2020. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire from 436 adult respondents selected by using a mixed sampling technique. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression model were utilized in this study. SPSS (IBM, Version 22) was used for data analysis. 95% confidence interval and p-value = 0.05 were accepted for statistical significance. Results Only 21.6% of the respondents had good knowledge of the COVID-19 preventive measures. The highest 67.2% of them knew that washing hands with soap could prevent the disease, but contrarily, the highest 72.5% did not know that avoidance of touching mouth, nose, and eyes without washing hands was a preventive measure. Only 28.4% and 36.9% of the respondents knew that maintaining physical distancing and avoiding mass gatherings were measures of prevention of COVID-19 respectively. The younger age (≤25 years), low family income (≤15,000 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT), occupation others than business and service, and nuclear family had the lower odds of having no/less knowledge about the preventive measures. Conclusions The knowledge level of the general people regarding prevention of COVID-19 was alarmingly low in Bangladesh. The government of Bangladesh, health policy makers and donor agencies should consider the findings and take immediate steps for improving knowledge of the public about prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals Utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabita Paudel ◽  
Tarun Paudel ◽  
Seshananda Sanjel
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
Care Services

Background: In context of Nepal, although pregnant women from city areas contribute to maternal mortality, evidence of the study of utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits (ANC) are focused in rural areas where health institutions are not easily available. The objective of this study was to identify ANC services utilization by eligible women in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted applying face to face interviews with 240 eligible women bearing at least one youngest child below the age of two years. A structured and semi-structured questionnaire was used after translating into the Nepali language and pretesting it in the field. Data entered in Microsoft excel were transferred in SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 21 and analysis were carried out. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The significance was set at the 0.05 level. Results: Approximately 97.0% of women had visited ANC during their recent pregnancy and about 56.0% of women had ≥4 ANC visits. The majority (80.3%) of the women used to seek ANC checkups during their first trimester and nearly half (49.0%) of the respondents belonged to the younger age of 15-19 years. Women’s (99.0%) and her husbands’ (86.0%) educational level significantly impacted ANC visits. Women having fewer numbers of children (98.0%) and the nuclear family (99.0%) had significantly higher ANC visits. Husbands’and mother-in-laws’ encouragement to go for ANC visits was significantly higher. All of the above-mentioned parameters were statistically significant at p< 0.05 level. Conclusions: There was variation in ANC service taking as per the encouragement from the husband and mother-in-law of the woman. Hence, awareness programs targeting husband and mother-in-law regarding the importance of ANC services are suggested. Conduction of detailed study in the future to explore the quality of services is recommended.

Post-partum psychosis: socio-demographic and obstetric profile

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Ahuja ◽  
Nimisha Mishra ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Puerperal Psychosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of

Background: Better knowledge of socio-demographic profile and obstetric features may help in early identification and treatment of patients with post-partum psychosis. The aim of present research is to study the age, parity, socio-demographic and obstetric and menstrual profile of patients suffering from post-partum psychosis. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study at in-patient department of psychiatry, SS Medical College and associated SGMH Rewa.Methods: The study was conducted on sixty patients of post-partum psychosis admitted in psychiatry ward. Detailed socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric and menstrual profile along with psychiatric assessment were recorded in proforma specially designed for the study.Results: Bulk of our post partum psychotic subjects (60%) were in the age range of 18-25 years with 83.33% of women were residing at rural areas. Most of subjects (76.67%) of post partum psychosis were illiterate. 73.33% patient were belonging to low socio-economic status and remaining to middle and high socioeconomic status. Majority of subjects (13.33%) were house wife (86.67%) followed by laborer class. Family jointness reveal 80% and 20% of subjects trailed from joint and nuclear family respectively. the maximum number of subjects (60%) were primipara with only 13.33% of subjects had history of obstetric complication in form of prolonged labour and post-partum heamorrhage. 25% subjects had cesarean delivery. 40% patients of puerperal psychosis were having menstrual irregularity and 60% had regular menstruation.Conclusions: Screening of vulnerable groups i.e. younger age, primipara, history of irregular menstruation in post partum period for psychiatric sign and symptoms is requisite for early diagnosis and prompt and adequate management. As most of the patients were from rural areas it is necessary to establish psychiatric services in rural areas as well so that this group of population can be provided holistic care along with already existing medical services.

scholarly journals Effect of Indirect Advertising and Promotion Activities of Tobacco Products in Khulna

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Qazi Azad-uz-zaman ◽  
Quazi Zahangir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Advertising And Promotion

<p>Different forms of tobacco advertisement and promotional activities are the burden of tobacco epidemic in Bangladesh. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 404 adults, randomly selected from urban and rural areas. Data were collected implementing both qualitative and quantitative methods from July to September 2013 and found 52% of the respondents were smoking cigarette or bidi, within them only 30% of the male adults were never user of tobacco of any kind. The respondents mainly noticed packet wall (52%), posters (65%), and big size packets (38%) as indirect advertisement as well as free sample (51%) and free gifts (43%) as promotional activities. A significant effect was identified of the activities on increasing consumption which tobacco control advocates and practitioners always argue. Existing laws do not allow giving free samples and free gift to persons, it should be enforced adequately as well as all tobacco control activists should be vigilant on unlawful activities of tobacco traders.</p>

scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in the mental health of perinatal women: a UK-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ginja ◽  
Katherine Jackson ◽  
James J Newham ◽  
Emily J Henderson ◽  
Debbie Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Perinatal Women

Abstract Background: International data suggest that living in a rural area is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mental illness. This study tested the association between rurality and risk for two mental illnesses prevalent in perinatal women - depression and anxiety.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, antenatal and postnatal women were approached by healthcare professionals and through other networks in a county in Northern England (UK). After providing informed consent, women completed a questionnaire where they indicated their postcode (used to determine rural-urban status) and completed three outcome measures: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Whooley (depression measure), and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2). Logistic regression models were developed, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders, including socioeconomic status, social support and perinatal stage.Results: 295 participants provided valid data. Women in rural areas (n=130) were mostly comparable to their urban counterparts (n=165). Risk for depression and/or anxiety was found to be higher in the rural group across all models: unadjusted OR 1.67 95% CI 1.03 to 2.72, p=.038. This difference though indicative did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for socioeconomic status and perinatal stage (OR 1.57 (0.40), 95% CI 0.95 to 2.58, p=.078), and for social support (OR 1.65 (0.46), 95% CI 0.96 to 2.84, p=.070).Conclusions: Data suggested that women in rural areas were at higher risk of depression and anxiety than their urban counterparts. Further work should be undertaken to corroborate these findings and investigate the underlying factors. This will help inform future interventions and the allocation of perinatal services to where they are most needed.

scholarly journals Underweight and Factors Associated Among Lactating Mothers In Dodata District, Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia,2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawa Kedir ◽  
Godana Arero
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Arsi Zone ◽  
Low Bmi

Abstract Background: An underweight individual is a somebody whose body weight is considered too low (BMI <18.5) to be healthy. The similar idea applies to lactating mothers. However, little is known about underweight status among lactating women in the study area. The objective of study to assess incidence of underweight and related issues among lactating mothers in Dodota district of Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, from February 1-28, 2021.Method: The cross-sectional study design was done on 355 lactating mothers. The starata and simple random sampling technique were used. The structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used. Data were entered and cleaned using Epi info version 7.1 and SPSS version 21 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done. Descriptive statistics wree performed. The crude and adjusted odds ratio along with 95%CI were used to measure the strength of association. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Result: Study revealed (14.1) lactating mother were underweight. Rural areas, (AOR=2.5 [95% CI: (1.061, 6.302), the practice of food taboos (AOR= 2.3, [95% CI: (1.045, 5.084) and income level(AOR= 2.1[95% CI: (1.003, 4. 460) were found to be independent determinants of underweight among lactating mothers in the study area. Conclusions: The prevalence of underweight among lactating mothers was lower.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding among primi-para rural Indian mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajsinh V. Mohite ◽  
Vinayak Y. Kshirsagar ◽  
Vaishali R. Mohite
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Breast milk is first, natural and nutritious food for newborn that promote sensory and cognitive development as well as protect against infectious and chronic diseases. The aim and objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and to point out determinants of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding among rural primi-para mothers.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at rural tertiary health centre located Western Maharashtra, India in the month of November-December 2017. A total of 140 breastfeeding primi-para mothers were enrolled and interviewed by utilizing pretested questionnaire include socio-demographic data, obstetric and breastfeeding history after written consent. Data were analyzed for inferential statistics using SPSS Version 21.Results: Among 140 eligible mothers, max. 84.2% were in age group 18-24 years with high proportions, 72.8% housewives, 90% literate and 75.7% with joint family structure. Max. 92.1% mothers were institutionally delivered. The overall prevalence of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding was 22.85% with gradual and sudden cessation was 20% and 2.85% respectively. Maternal determinants like insufficient breast milk secretion (37.5%), maternal sickness (12.5%) were highly contributed for cessation of breastfeeding whereas, infant illness, 12.5% respectively. The nuclear family structure, caesarean delivery and low birth weight baby were significantly associated with cessation of exclusive breastfeeding. The risk of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding is of 4.5 and 2.5 times higher with maternal nuclear family structure and infant with low birth weight.Conclusions: Prevalence of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding was low among primi-para mothers residing in rural area of western Maharashtra, India. The nuclear family structure, low birth weight baby have had significant effect on cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.

FAMILY PLANNING

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1479
Author(s):  
Ammara Waqar ◽  
Athar Khan ◽  
Khalid Ismail ◽  
Ummara Hanif ◽  
Iqra Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information

In Pakistan the total fertility rate is 4.5 which is too high and the main reason forthis is the low contraceptive prevalence rate of only 28%. A woman’s ability to space and limither pregnancies has a direct impact on her health and as well as on the outcome of eachpregnancy”. The population of Pakistan represents 2.56% of the world’s total population whichmean that every 39th person of the world is resident of Pakistan. Objectives: To highlight thefactors affecting male’s decision making regarding family planning in district Buner KPK. StudyDesign: A cross sectional study. Setting: District Buner, KPK. Period: March, 2015 and July,2015. Methods: Stratified simple random sampling was performed for collecting data. Samplesize of 210 was collected from two Union Councils of Buner. Outcome variable was husband’sdecision making regarding family planning. Researcher administered questionnaire was usedfor data collection. Results: Husband’s decision making regarding family planning was mainlyeffected desire for more children, 68.5% of the respondents were male decision maker whohad desire for more children. Family structure also influence the decision maker’s decision asin nuclear families 90.7% were decision maker were from nuclear family. Religious perceptionand side effects was contributing to family planning decision making. Conclusion: The studyshowed that 71.9% of male and 6.9% female take the decision of family planning. The studyresults showed that desire for more children, lack of information, family structure, and fear ofside effects and perception of people that family planning is against Islam played an importantrole in decision making regarding family planning.

Why COVID-19 symptomatic patients did not seek healthcare service in Bangladesh: Evidence from a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hasanul Siam ◽  
Md. Mahbub Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman ◽  
Rashawan Raziur Rouf ◽  
Mohammad Sorowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: During an outbreak, the health-seeking behaviour (HSB) of patients plays a vital role to mitigate the disease spread. Poor HSB may significantly increase mortality and complicate contact tracing. In our study, we aimed to assess the status of HSB among the educated young adults of Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted online in June-July 2020 when the country was under strict social distancing measures. A snowball sampling method was employed to capture the suspected COVID-19 patients who did not undergo the COVID-19 test. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. Results: Among the 390 participants, more male (79.5%) and urban-dwelling residents (80.3%) participated in the study. About 45% of the participants had a bachelor’s degree followed by 25.9% of post-graduation degrees such as master’s and Ph.D. Common symptoms included fever (77.7%), cough (50.5%), headache (46.2%), body pain (36.4%), sore throat (35.6%), anosmia (31.3%), anorexia (13.8%), diarrhea (11.4%) and dyspnea (11.3%). Compared to females, males were more likely to self-medicate. The odds of male participants considering COVID-19 infection as harmless was 3.2 times higher (AOR: 3.2, CI: 1.28-7.98) than the female participants. Smokers were more likely to use government hotlines for support and take drugs at home. Participants from rural areas were 2.5 times more likely to purchase drugs from nearby stores. The most common reasons for not taking the COVID-19 test were limited testing facilities (48%), risk of infection from the test centre (46%), fear of social stigma (19%), belief that COVID-19 will not cause any harm (18%) and fear of forced quarantine (5%). Respondents having higher monthly income were less likely to fear forced quarantine (AOR: 0.27, CI: 0.4-2.02) but more likely to consider the risk of being infected from the test centre (AOR: 1.75, CI: 0.88-3.49). Conclusion: Non-compliance with public health guidelines by educated people in the epidemic reflects the absence of health literacy and distrust in the healthcare system. Along with enhanced infrastructure, improved public health risk communication and health literacy efforts are needed to rebuild public trust in the healthcare system.

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