scholarly journals The Exposure to Animated Movies and Constructing Adolescents’ Perception towards Gender Role

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p96
Author(s):  
Shrook A. Fathy ◽  
Prof. Amany S. Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
American Society ◽  
Independent Decision ◽  
Fourth Wave

This study aims to know the Egyptian adolescents’ perception towards gender roles; coinciding with the evolution of the female lead animated movies. Being affected by the third and the fourth wave of feminism in American society and its effect on Egyptian adolescents; since animated movies are mainly American produced. The study found that Egyptian adolescents perceive the female role in the society to be independent decision-maker and has her own rights, reassuring that women hold much more work-load than men and her biggest enemy and fighter is the society itself, not her capabilities, while animation movies from 2012 till 2018 hold more muscular personality traits and behavioral traits than feminine ones.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as “A Cry for Help”. A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Zitzelsberger ◽  
Gerhard Buchbauer
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Indirect Defense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cry For Help ◽  
Third Trophic Level ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

This work is an update of a recently published review and is consistently referred to this article and recent findings about plants’ indirect defense are added on. Herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and their effects on the third trophic level that involves predators and parasitoids are discussed. The fact that plants are not passive individuals is confirmed on the basis of several studies. Plants can perceive and respond to cues in their environments with plastic morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. Plasticity allows plants to tailor their defenses to their current and expected risks caused by herbivores. The “cry for help” of plants is also observed from the carnivores’ point of view. The volatile mixture contains crucial information for decisions of carnivorous insects. Furthermore, the most important methods to examine the behavioral response of carnivorous insects to HIPVs are presented not only in laboratory set ups but also in the field. Manipulations of plants by silencing genes or over-expressing genes can help to understand mechanisms of indirect defense. Various interesting examples of indirect defense reveal the possibility to use HIPVs in biological control. Therefore, the application of synthetic pesticides, that pollute the environment, may be reduced in the future.

Host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bodlah ◽  
A.-X. Zhu ◽  
X.-D. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Rice Leaf Folder ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractExtreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits ofC. medinalisincluding host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.

A preliminary study of gray matter volume differences related to context-dependent and independent decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinbo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Decision Styles ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Independent Decision

Facing the high degree of uncertainty of the environment, we have evolved two kinds of decision-making styles: context-dependent and context-independent decision. However, the underlying neural basis of these two kinds of decision styles was mostly unknown. Here, the cognitive bias task was applied to split participants into the context-independent decision-maker and context-dependent decision-maker based on the cognitive bias task scores. Then, we used voxel-based morphometry to directly investigate its underlying differences in gray matter volume. We found that the gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex and parietal regions, such as inferior parietal lobule, was larger in context-dependent decision-makers than that of the context-independent decision-maker.

scholarly journals Ordering a Normal Diet at the End of Surgery—Justified or Overhasty?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Grass ◽  
Martin Hübner ◽  
Jenna Lovely ◽  
Jacopo Crippa ◽  
Kellie Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Recovery ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Prolonged Length ◽  
Early Oral Feeding ◽  
American Society ◽  
Independent Decision ◽  
Recovery Pathways

Early re-alimentation is advocated by enhanced recovery pathways (ERP). This study aimed to assess compliance to ERP-set early re-alimentation policy and to compare outcomes of early fed patients and patients in whom early feeding was withhold due to the independent decision making of the surgeon. For this purpose, demographic, surgical and outcome data of all consecutive elective colorectal surgical procedures (2011–2016) were retrieved from a prospectively maintained institutional ERP database. The primary endpoint was postoperative ileus (POI). Surgical 30-day outcome and length of stay were compared between patients undergoing the pathway-intended early re-alimentation pattern and patients in whom early re-alimentation was not compliant. Out of the 7103 patients included, 1241 (17.4%) were not compliant with ERP re-alimentation. Patients with delayed re-alimentation presented with more postoperative complications (37 vs. 21%, p < 0.001) and a prolonged length of hospital stay (8 ± 7 vs. 5 ± 4 days, p < 0.001). While male gender (odds ratio (OR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.32), fluid overload (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.16–1.65) and high American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.27–1.8) were independent risk factors for POI, laparoscopy (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38–0.68) and ERP compliant diet (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.36–0.6) were both protective. Hence, this study provides further evidence of the beneficial effect of early oral feeding after colorectal surgery.

scholarly journals Fashion’s Final Frontier": The Correlation of Gender Roles and Fashion in Star Trek

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-649
Author(s):  
Katharina Andres
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Pop Art ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Star Trek ◽  
Original Series ◽  
Gene Roddenberry ◽  
American Society ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Female Officers ◽  
Dominant Part

Since its creation in 1966, Star Trek has been a dominant part of popular culture and as thus served as the source for many cultural references. Star Trek’s creator Gene Roddenberry wanted to realize his vision of a utopia but at the same time, he used the futuristic setting of the show to comment on the present time, on ac-tual social and political circumstances. This means that each series can be regarded as a mirror image of the time in which it was created. The clothing of the characters in the different series is one part of that image. The uniforms of The Original Series show influences of the 1960s pop art movement as well as the mini-skirt trend that experienced its peak in that decade. In the course of almost 40 years, however, many things changed. In the 1990s, in Deep Space Nine and Voyager, a unisex uniform replaced the mini-dresses, with few exceptions; the colorful shirts gave way to ones that were mostly black. This trend continues into the new century. This essay interprets the evolution of the female officers’ uniforms from femi-nized dresses to androgynous clothing over the development of the series as a reflection of the change of gender roles in contemporary American society. The general functions of the female characters’ uniforms are the central object of its analysis while the few, but noteworthy exceptions to this pattern are given specific attention. Finally, one of the most intriguing lines of enquiry is, how the prequel series Enterprise, supposed to be set before The Original Series, but produced and aired from 2001 to 2005, fits in the picture.

scholarly journals Feminizm amerykański trzeciej fali – zmiana i kontynuacja

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Grażyna STRNAD
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
The Third ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second Wave

The history of American women fighting for equal rights dates back to the 18th century, when in Boston, in 1770, they voiced the demand that the status of women be changed. Abigail Adams, Sarah Grimke, Angelina Grimke and Frances Wright are considered to have pioneered American feminism. An organized suffrage movement is assumed to have originated at the convention Elizabeth Stanton organized in Seneca Falls in 1848. This convention passed a Declaration of Sentiments, which criticized the American Declaration of Independence as it excluded women. The most prominent success achieved in this period was the US Congress passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution granting women the right to vote. The 1960s saw the second wave of feminism, resulting from disappointment with the hitherto promotion of equality. The second-wave feminists claimed that the legal reforms did not provide women with the changes they expected. As feminists voiced the need to feminize the world, they struggled for social customs to change and gender stereotypes to be abandoned. They criticized the patriarchal model of American society, blaming this model for reducing the social role of women to that of a mother, wife and housewife. They pointed to patriarchal ideology, rather than nature, as the source of the inequality of sexes. The leading representatives of the second wave of feminism were Betty Friedan (who founded the National Organization for Women), Kate Millet (who wrote Sexual Politics), and Shulamith Firestone (the author of The Dialectic of Sex: The Case for Feminist Revolution). The 1990s came to be called the third wave of feminism, characterized by multiple cultures, ethnic identities, races and religions, thereby becoming a heterogenic movement. The third-wave feminists, Rebecca Walker and Bell Hooks, represented groups of women who had formerly been denied the right to join the movement, for example due to racial discrimination. They believed that there was not one ‘common interest of all women’ but called for leaving no group out in the fight for the equality of women’s rights. They asked that the process of women’s emancipation that began with the first wave embrace and approve of the diversity of the multiethnic American society.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER ROLE ATTITUDES AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Çuhadaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
University Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the relationships between university students and their perceptions of gender roles and epistemological beliefs were investigated. Gender roles are a phenomenon that are determined by culture, and begin to emerge at an early age, which may include some stereotypical behaviors along with a number of attitudes, duties and obligations that the individual is expected to perform as a woman or a man. Epistemological belief is seen as an individual feature of how knowing and learning take place. In this study, a mixed method was used. The quantitative study group consists of 517 students from both universities, while the qualitative study group consists of 85 people. Gender Role Attitudes Scale and Epistemological Beliefs Scale were used to collect quantitative data. In order to obtain qualitative data, participants were given a form consisting of open-ended questions. According to the analyses, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the participants' epistemological beliefs and gender roles attitudes and, epistemological beliefs were a significant predictor of gender roles attitudes. The results obtained are discussed in line with the existing literature. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0798/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals OPTIMALISASI PERAN GENDER DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN NELAYAN

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Istiana Istiana ◽  
Hikmah Hikmah ◽  
Mursidin Mursidin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Policy Guidance

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran gender pada rumah tangga melalui peningkatan pendapatan, optimalisasi peran gender dan kaitannya dengan pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan yang ada. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Lamongan (nelayan Brondong), Jawa Timur dan Kota Padang (nelayan Koto tangah) Sumatera Barat pada bulan april dan Juni 2007. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei (wawancara terstruktur) terhadap 60 rumah tangga dan diolah dengan analisis deskriptif. Keterlibatan istri nelayan Padang di sektor produktif menghasilkan pendapatan sedangkan istri nelayan Lamongan tidak karena dianggap membantu pekerjaan suami. Pada masyarakat nelayan Brondong, lakilaki memiliki beban lebih daripada perempuan, sebaliknya di padang, istri memiliki beban lebih dan beban ganda. Keputusan di sektor domestik di dominasi istri. Keputusan sektor produktif di Lamongan didominasi suami (100%) sedangkan di Padang dilakukan secara bersama. Optimalisasi peran gender pada masyarakat nelayan Brondong perlu dilakukan melalui pelibatan peran perempuan sedangkan di Padang, peran suami dalam usaha pengolahan perlu dilibatkan. Gender merupakan konstruksi sosial budaya, gender tidaksehingga bersifat universal melainkan relatif pada konteks sosial budaya masyarakatnya. Arahan kebijakan yang sesuai untuk nelayan Brondong adalah pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan karena mereka memiliki waktu luang 7,47 jam/hari (31,11%). Sedangkan untuk masyarakat nelayan Padang, pemberdayaan lebih kearah peningkatan pemahaman konsep gender dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Tittle: Optimalization of the Gender Role in Increasing Fishers’ ProsperityThis research aimed to analyze gender role in increasing familys properity through increasing income, optimalization gender role and relation with empowerment program. This research were done in Lamongan (Brondong fisheries), East Java and Padang (Koto tangah fisheries) West Sumatra on April and June 2007. The research used survey method of 60 families and processed by a descriptive analysis. Results of the study show that the Padang wife's fisheries involved in productive sector can generate income, but the situation was not happened in Lamongan because the wife's supposed helping husband's work only. In Brondong fisheries society, men have a more work-load than women. Women have a lot of work-load than men. In Lamongan, the decission for domestic sector is dominanted by wife and for productive sector is dominanted by husband (100%). Decisions were made together. The optimalization gender role in Brondong fisheries society needs to be done by involving women's role. In Padang, men should be involved in the procesing industry. Gender was inclusive in the of social-culture contruction, so that gender is not universal, but relative in each society context. Suitable policy guidance for Brondong fisheries is to empowering women economic activity, because they have spare time for about 7,47 hours/day (31,11%). Mean while for Padang fisheries society, empowerment should be directed to increase understanding gender concept to achieve the family's prosperity. 

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