scholarly journals Induction of Microspore Embryogenesis of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) ‘Gelatik’

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Devi Bunga Pagalla ◽  
Ari Indrianto ◽  
Maryani Maryani ◽  
Endang Semiarti
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Haploid Plant ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Pre Treatment

The haploid or double haploid plant of eggplants could be produced from microspore culture (embryogenesis of microspores). In the breeding programs, microspore can be developed into an embryo directly after exposure to stress treatment during cultured. Stress (temperature and starvation medium) is an important factor in the induction of embryogenesis microspore. This study aims to induced embryogenic microspores from eggplant CV. Gelatik. The stage late-uninucleate microspore (Vacuolate Microspore/VM) and early binucleate (Young Bicellular Pollen/YBP) are the suitable stages to induce multinucleate structure. There are 3 methods used in this research; 1) Determination of the stage development of microspore based on flower buds length and anther length. 2) Induction of embryogenic microspore on the pre-treatment and starvation medium. 3) After giving pre-treatment for 4 days, micropores were transferred to culture medium A2 at 28oC in dark conditions to induce the multicellular structures. This study reported that 50-68.51% of the VM+YBP stage obtained in the range of flower bud lengths of 10-17 mm, and 5.0-6.9 mm, the range of anther length containing VM+YBP of 50-77.48%. The pre-treatment heat shock at 33oC in the medium B for 2 days,  produced embryogenic microspores with a high percentage, that is about 50.19%, while microspores at 25oC and 4oC respectively 46.17% and 49.28%. Pre-treatment for 4 days at 4 oC, 25 oC,  and 33oC with the percentage of embryogenic microspores apiece 32.87%, 27.45%, and 37.34%. The multicellular (starlike) structure begins forming on the fifth day of incubation in culture medium (A2) after pre-treatment in B medium at 33oC.

scholarly journals Inheritance of flower traits in ornamental pepper

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Angela Maria dos Santos Pessoa ◽  
Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo ◽  
Cristine Agrine Pereira dos Santos ◽  
Michelle Gonçalves de Carvalho ◽  
Júlio Carlos Polimeni de Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Petal Length ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Selection Of

Diallel crosses provide estimates of useful parameters in the selection of parents for hybridization. They also help in understanding the gene action behind the determination of characters of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control of flower traits in ornamental pepper based on a complete diallel with parents F1’s and reciprocal crosses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA-UFPB). Seven accessions of ornamental pepper belonging to the CCA-UFPB Germplasm Bank UFPB001, UFPB004, UFPB77.3, UFPB099, UFPB134, UFPB137 and UFPB390 were used. The morphological analysis was performed on following quantitative Capsicum descriptors: days for flowering (DFL), flower diameter (FD), petal length (PL), number of petals (NP), number of stamens (NS), anther length (AL) and fillet length (FL). The data were previously submitted to analysis of variance and then to diallel analysis. All evaluated traits were adequate to the additive-dominant model. There are possibilities of genetic gains in breeding programs, for the NP, NS, AL and FL in ornamental peppers.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF SPOROPHYTIC DIVISION IN ORCHIDS MICROSPORES BY STRESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Ari Indrianto ◽  
Chairani Siregar ◽  
Sutikno Linuhung ◽  
Mekartinita _ ◽  
Tri Sartikoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Media Formulation ◽  
Isolated Microspores

<p>Orchid is one of the important ornamental plants in Indonesia this plant generally propagated by seed. Enhancing quality of this plant through breeding technology by various plant tissue culture methods and biotechnology, including doubled haploid technology are necessary. The most efficient method in creating doubled haploids plant is via microspore embryogenesis. We have develop new, innovative doubled haploid technology using the technique of isolated microspore culture. The goals are to obtain data on the male gametophyte development, viable embryogenic microspores, microspores derived embryos and double haploid plants of Orchid. <br />Development of male gametophytes were analysed by isolation of microspores and pollen at various stages and staining with DAPI. Isolated orchid buds of Dendrobium hybrid 1, Vanda tricolor and Spathoglotis plicata were subjected to cold temperatures (4oC) for 7 days, microspores were then isolated by crushing the pollinia using glass rod and cultured them in embryogenesis A2, NP, MS and VW medium, viability of the microspores were determine by using Flourescein diacetate (FDA). Isolated Orchid pollinia were cultured in starvation medium B at various temperatures and duration of time to evaluate embryogenic response, isolated microspores then were cultured further in the basic embryogenesis medium and incubated at 25 oC in the darkness. <br />The result showed that floral characteristics for the late-uninucleate stage of the microspores were different for every orchid spesies. Ovulum lenght was used for Vanda, while in Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, Arachnis, Spathoglottis plicata and Cattleya, varied length of flower bud was used. Isolated microspores of Dendrobium hybrid 1, Vanda tricolor and Spathoglotis plicata at 7th days of culture in different media formulation showing different respond of viability. Medium A2 keeping viability of Dendrobium hybrid 1 microspores better than any other medium, while in Vanda tricolor and Spathoglotis plicata embryogenesis NP medium was superior. Incubation of orchid pollinia at 4 and 25 oC were successfully maintain viability of the microspores during starvation periods but not able to block gametophytic development. In contrast starved pollinia at 33oC were succesfully block gametophytic development, percentage of embryogenic microspores after starvation of isolated pollinia at 33°C for 4 days was superior compare to any other treatments. Symmetrical divisions and some multicellular structures were observed, which were clear indication for the sporophytic development of microspore-derived embryos, they had developed and after a few weeks they degenerated and died.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: flower bud-pollinia-microspore-stress-embriogenic-embryo-Orchid</p>

scholarly journals Lipid content and cryotolerance of in vitro-produced bovine embryos treated with forskolin before vitrification

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Meneghel ◽  
Priscila Chediek Dall’Acqua ◽  
Marcela Ambrogi ◽  
Beatriz C.S. Leão ◽  
Nathália A.S. Rocha-Frigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Content Development ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intracytoplasmic lipid content, development and cryotolerance of in vitro-produced bovine embryos treated with different concentrations of forskolin before vitrification. Embryos were produced from abattoir-derived ovaries and allocated into four groups. In the treatment groups, forskolin was added to the in vitro culture medium on Day 6 and incubated for 24 hours in one of the following concentrations: 2.5μM (Forsk 2.5 group), 5.0μM (Forsk 5.0 group) or 10.0μM (Forsk 10.0 group). Embryos from the control group were cultured without forskolin. On Day 7 of culture, the expanded blastocysts were stained with the lipophilic dye Sudan Black B for determination of the intracytoplasmic lipid content or were cryopreserved via the Vitri-Ingá® procedure. Although there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the blastocyst rates between the Control group (44.9%) and the other treatments, the embryo production was lower (P<0.05) in Forsk 10.0 group (38.8%) compared to Forsk 2.5 (50.5%) and Forsk 5.0 (54.7%) groups. The intracytoplasmic lipid content (expressed in arbitrary units of pixels) in blastocysts from the Control group (1.00±0.03) was similar (P>0.05) to that found in Forsk 2.5 (0.92±0.03) and Forsk 10.0 groups (1.06±0.03) groups; however the lipid accumulation in blastocysts from Forsk 5.0 group (0.82±0.04) was lower than in the Control group (P<0.05). Based on these results, Forsk 5.0 treatment was tested for cryotolerance and it was observed that the blastocoel re-expansion rate evaluated 24 hours after warming was greater (P<0.05) in Forsk 5.0 group (72.2%) compared to the Control group (46.2%). In conclusion, pre-treatment with forskolin at a concentration of 5.0 μM for 24 hours before vitrification is effective in reducing the intracytoplasmic lipid content and, consequently, improves cryotolerance of IVP bovine embryos.

scholarly journals Application of Cobalt Chloride and Silver Nitrate for Efficient Microspore Culture of Brassica rapa ssp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khandakar Md. Rayhanul Kabir ◽  
Soon-Wook Kwon ◽  
Yong-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Embryogenic Response

The effects of ethylene antagonistic cobalt chloride and silver nitrate, on microspore embryogenesis were investigated using three different concentrations in the medium for three Korean cultivars (two non-heading and one heading) of Brassica rapa ssp. Inclusion of cobalt chloride (5 μM ) in the culture medium significantly improved embryo production in the non-heading cultivar (33 embryos/bud) with embryo yields being increased up to 32%. The addition of silver nitrate (0.1 mg/l) to the culture medium also showed a progressive increase in embryo yields in the non-heading cultivar (34 embryos/bud) with embryo yields being increased up to 36%. For the heading cultivars, the highest embryogenic response was 2.8 embryos/bud (Jo saeng Miho), following the addition of silver nitrate (0.1 mg/l) to the culture medium, whereas 2.4 embryos/bud were observed with the addition of 5 μM cobalt chloride to the culture medium. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(1): 1-10, 2013 (June)

Improved Efficiency of Microspore Culture of Brassica campestris Ssp. pekinensis (Chinese Cabbage)

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1091-1096
Author(s):  
Yang Han ◽  
Xue Ling Ye ◽  
Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Optimal Medium

[Objective](1) to investigate the factors that influence microspore embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration;(2) to discuss some protocols for the induction culture of microspore-derived embryos and for rooting and transplantation of microspore-derived plantlets. [Proposed Methods] B. campestris ssp. pekinensis ‘Futian 50’ and B. campestris ssp. pekinensis ‘Changkuai’ were used as the experimental materials, then their microspores were cultured in NLN media. [Results] NAA and 2,4-D inhibits the formation of microspore-derived embryos. Low concentrations of cytokinins facilitate embryogenesis, while high concentrations inhibit embryogenesis.The combined effects of auxin and cytokinin are synergistic. However, AC inhibits embryo development. [Conclusion] The better the development of the embryos, the higher is the plantlet regeneration rate. The plant regeneration rate increased significantly on the MS culture medium supplemented with 200 mg·l-1 AC. MS medium containing 0.1 mg·l-1 NAA is the optimal medium for rooting of microspore-derived plantlets.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity of Avena sativa L. Varieties as an Example of a Narrow Genetic Pool of Contemporary Cereal Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Krystyna Werwińska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Genetic Similarity

The assessment of the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties is a very important element of breeding programs. This allows the determination of the level of genetic differentiation of cultivated varieties, their genetic distinctiveness, and is also of great importance in the selection of parental components for crossbreeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of oat varieties currently grown in Central Europe based on two marker systems: ISSR and SCoT. The research conducted showed that both these types of markers were suitable for conducting analyses relating to the assessment of genetic diversity. The calculated coefficients showed that the analyzed cultivars were characterized by a high genetic similarity. However, the UPGMA and PCoA analyses clearly indicated the distinctiveness of the breeding programs conducted in Central European countries. The high genetic similarity of the analyzed forms allow us to conclude that it is necessary to expand the genetic pool of oat varieties. Numerous studies show that landraces may be the donor of genetic variation.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry-Based Determination of Ploidy from Dried Leaf Specimens in Genomically Complex Collections of the Tropical Forage Grass Urochloa s. l.

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Luis M. Hernández ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Relative Differences

Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Megathyrus and some Panicum) tropical grasses are native to Africa and are now, after selection and breeding, planted worldwide, particularly in South America, as important forages with huge potential for further sustainable improvement and conservation of grasslands. We aimed to develop an optimized approach to determine ploidy of germplasm collection of this tropical forage grass group using dried leaf material, including approaches to collect, dry and preserve plant samples for flow cytometry analysis. Our methods enable robust identification of ploidy levels (coefficient of variation of G0/G1 peaks, CV, typically <5%). Ploidy of some 348 forage grass accessions (ploidy range from 2x to 9x), from international genetic resource collections, showing variation in basic chromosome numbers and reproduction modes (apomixis and sexual), were determined using our defined standard protocol. Two major Urochloa agamic complexes are used in the current breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA: the ’brizantha’ and ’humidicola’ agamic complexes are variable, with multiple ploidy levels. Some U. brizantha accessions have odd level of ploidy (5x), and the relative differences in fluorescence values of the peak positions between adjacent cytotypes is reduced, thus more precise examination of this species is required. Ploidy measurement of U. humidicola revealed aneuploidy.

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