scholarly journals Distribusi neuron serotonergik pada hipokampus Lasiwen (Myotis sp) sebagai satwa liar yang berpotensi menjadi reservoir virus rabies

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Tri Wahyu Pangestiningsih ◽  
Ariana Ariana ◽  
Irma Padeta ◽  
Arvendi Rahma Jadi ◽  
Woro Danur Wendo
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Biocare Medical

Myotis sp is an Indonesian microchiropteran, insectivore bat that potential to be a reservoir for rabies virus. Rabies is fatal viral encephalitis and  bat could  act as wildlife potential reservoirs for the rabies virus and can transmit the disease to humans as the zoonotic disease. Hippocampus  is one of diagnostic tissue for rabies disease and serotonergic neuron could involved in pathogenesis of rabies disease.  The aim of the study is to investigate the distribution of serotonergic neurons in  Myotis sp hippocampus. Five Myotis sp. were captured from wild population in Central Java, and were humanly anesthetized using ketamine and xylazin. The animals were perfused intracardially using NaCl 0.9% as the pre-rinse followed by 10% formaldehyde to fix it. The cerebrums were  collected and processing the  for paraffin embedding. Cerebrums were sectioning in saggital sections,  12 µm thickness serially with 120 µm intervals.    The tissues  were staining immunohistochemistry using antibody to serotonin (1/300; Bioss, Cat. No: bs-1126R) 2 night incubation in 4 oC temperature. The solution for blocking background, secondary antibody, avidin-biotin-peroxidae complex and chromogen using  kit Starr Trek Universal HRP Detection System (Biocare Medical, Cat No: STUHRP700) and were analyzed descriptivelly. The results show that serotonergic neuros were distributed in the all area of  the of Myotis sp hippocampus. In  dentate gyrus neuron serotonergic (Sert-IR)s are round in shape and  mostly distributed in the middle layer, few in the  superficially also deeper layers. In the hippocampus , the Sert-IR neurons are pyramidal in shape and distributed in the CA1, Ca2 and CA3 areas. In subiculum, the Sert-IR neurons  are pyramidal in shape, more wider distributed than in the CA1 with no differences between outer layer and deeper layer.  The conclutions of this research are the serotonergic neurons are distributed in the all area of hippocampus

Growth Bands in the sea Urchin Echinus Esculentus: Results from Tetracycline-Mark/Recapture

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Plate Edge ◽  
Growth Band ◽  
Growth Bands

Recoveries of tetracycline-labelled specimens of the sea urchin Echinus esculentus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from a wild population marked two years previously indicate very low skeletal growth rates in large adults. The post-tag growth in the test of a smaller specimen showed two clear growth zones in the middle layer of the plates, this conforming to the expectation of a single growth band each year. Merging of the spinochrome pigment bands present in the outer layer near the plate edge in older urchins will probably result in underestimation of age based on counts of these bands.The large literature on growth banding in the European sea urchin Echinus esculentus L. and other echinoids is reviewed by Pearse & Pearse (1975), Smith (1980) and Gage (1991). Moore (1935) utilised spinochrome pigment banding in the genital (apical) plates of E. esculentus from the Isle of Man (Irish Sea) and Firth of Clyde (western Scotland) in one of the first studies utilising growth bands to interpret the age structure and growth rates of sea urchins. A single band was assumed to be formed each year. Counts of spinochrome bands have been used to obtain nearly all subsequently published age data for this species (Sime, 1982; Nichols et al., 1985; Sime & Cranmer, 1985; Comely & Ansell, 1988).The present study was aimed at helping to resolve differing interpretations of age and growth rates in Echinus esculentus provided by these studies. This was undertaken by time marking the skeletal plates of a large sample of a wild population accessible by scuba diving on a submerged rock reef at 10–15 m depth off the islet of Eilean Mor near the Dunstaffnage Laboratory.

scholarly journals Nonexocytotic serotonin release tonically suppresses serotonergic neuron activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Mlinar ◽  
Alberto Montalbano ◽  
Gilda Baccini ◽  
Francesca Tatini ◽  
Rolando Berlinguer Palmini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Raphe Nuclei ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Firing Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels ◽  
Raphé Nuclei

The firing activity of serotonergic neurons in raphe nuclei is regulated by negative feedback exerted by extracellular serotonin (5-HT)o acting through somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors. The steady-state [5-HT]o, sensed by 5-HT1A autoreceptors, is determined by the balance between the rates of 5-HT release and reuptake. Although it is well established that reuptake of 5-HTo is mediated by 5-HT transporters (SERT), the release mechanism has remained unclear. It is also unclear how selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants increase the [5-HT]o in raphe nuclei and suppress serotonergic neuron activity, thereby potentially diminishing their own therapeutic effect. Using an electrophysiological approach in a slice preparation, we show that, in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), continuous nonexocytotic 5-HT release is responsible for suppression of phenylephrine-facilitated serotonergic neuron firing under basal conditions as well as for autoinhibition induced by SSRI application. By using 5-HT1A autoreceptor-activated G protein–gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels of patched serotonergic neurons as 5-HTo sensors, we show substantial nonexocytotic 5-HT release under conditions of abolished firing activity, Ca2+ influx, vesicular monoamine transporter 2–mediated vesicular accumulation of 5-HT, and SERT-mediated 5-HT transport. Our results reveal a cytosolic origin of 5-HTo in the DRN and suggest that 5-HTo may be supplied by simple diffusion across the plasma membrane, primarily from the dense network of neurites of serotonergic neurons surrounding the cell bodies. These findings indicate that the serotonergic system does not function as a sum of independently acting neurons but as a highly interdependent neuronal network, characterized by a shared neurotransmitter pool and the regulation of firing activity by an interneuronal, yet activity-independent, nonexocytotic mechanism.

scholarly journals Serotonergic Neuron Stimulation Modulates Thalamocortical Glucose Use in the Conscious Rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Cudennec ◽  
Danielle Duverger ◽  
Eric T. MacKenzie ◽  
Bernard Scatton ◽  
André Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Autoradiographic Technique ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Serotonergic Innervation

We have studied the effects, in the conscious rat, of electrical stimulation of the dorsal or median raphe nuclei on integrated functional activity, as assessed by the quantitative 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic technique, Stimulation of serotonergic neurons elicits metabolic changes in cortical and thalamic regions that are not limited to those structures known to receive the densest serotonergic innervation. The thalamic nuclei that are activated by raphe stimulation include those that subserve the processing of somesthetic, accessory visual, and limbic information, Raphe stimulation increased cortical glucose use in a laminar and columnar pattern, but only in a highly circumscribed region that corresponds to the somatotopic representation of the rat's face and head. These findings indicate that ascending serotonergic neurons play an important modulatory role in the regulation of thalamocortical glucose use, observations that may be of value in the understanding of the etiology and expression of classic migraine.

scholarly journals Serotonergic neurons signal reward and punishment on multiple timescales

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Y Cohen ◽  
Mackenzie W Amoroso ◽  
Naoshige Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Tonic Firing ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Serotonin's function in the brain is unclear. One challenge in testing the numerous hypotheses about serotonin's function has been observing the activity of identified serotonergic neurons in animals engaged in behavioral tasks. We recorded the activity of dorsal raphe neurons while mice experienced a task in which rewards and punishments varied across blocks of trials. We ‘tagged’ serotonergic neurons with the light-sensitive protein channelrhodopsin-2 and identified them based on their responses to light. We found three main features of serotonergic neuron activity: (1) a large fraction of serotonergic neurons modulated their tonic firing rates over the course of minutes during reward vs punishment blocks; (2) most were phasically excited by punishments; and (3) a subset was phasically excited by reward-predicting cues. By contrast, dopaminergic neurons did not show firing rate changes across blocks of trials. These results suggest that serotonergic neurons signal information about reward and punishment on multiple timescales.

scholarly journals OCORRÊNCIA DO VÍRUS DA RAIVA NA POPULAÇÃO SELVAGEM DE SAGUIS CALLITHRIX GEOFFROYI (HUMBOLDT, 1812) NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1574-1584
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Valdetaro Rangel ◽  
Ana Paula Jejesky de Oliveira ◽  
João Luiz Rossi Junior ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Fernando Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Cerdocyon Thous ◽  
Wild Dog ◽  
Callithrix Geoffroyi

Background: Zoonosis, which causes acute and lethal encephalitis, is transmitted through the inoculation of the virus present in the saliva of mammals of several species. In Brazil, wild rabies is a challenge for epidemiological surveillance and a significant increase has already been observed in human cases. Some of the main wild reservoirs are: wild dog (Cerdocyon thous), marmosets (Callithrix sp) and hematophagous bats (Desmodus rotundus). Considering cases of positivity in marmosets in the Northeast of Brazil, together with the increasing number of cases in wild animals, this work aimed to survey the occurrence of the virus in a wild population. The animals were necropsied from the tramway ES-060, all of the Callithrix geoffroyi. The material collected for analysis of the rabies virus consisted of brain, which was conditioned and identified for later analysis at the Institute of Agricultural and Forest Defense of Espírito Santo (IDAF). The 44 samples gave negative results. The study suggests that the occurrence of the virus should be investigated in other localities, especially in regions closer to sites that have already been reported cases of rabies, and that the use of trampled animals is feasible for a better understanding of wildlife health.

Intestinal motility changes in rats after enteric serotonergic neuron destruction

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. G232-G239 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Pineiro-Carrero ◽  
M. H. Clench ◽  
R. H. Davis ◽  
J. M. Andres ◽  
D. A. Franzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Serotonergic Neuron ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques ◽  
Higher Doses

The myenteric plexus consists of several subpopulations of morphologically and chemically distinct neurons known to contain a variety of peptides and amines, one of which is serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). These neurons are considered essential for nerve-to-nerve transmission. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 5,6- and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT; 5,7-DHT), indoleamine neurotoxins that selectively and irreversibly injure the serotonergic neurons of the myenteric plexus. Treatment with 5,6-, or 5,7-DHT caused marked disruption of the activity front of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC), increased its duration, and decreased its propagation velocity. At higher doses, 5,7-DHT also reduced the slow-wave frequency. Immunohistochemical techniques showed that tissue from rats treated with 5,7-DHT was depleted of serotonin-like immunoreactivity within the myenteric plexus neurons. Reserpine also caused motility and immunohistochemical changes similar to those induced by the two neurotoxins. Therefore, destruction of enteric serotonergic neurons disrupts the MMC. These studies support the cellular concepts that serotonergic neurons function as interneurons in the myenteric plexus, modulating and processing the neural stimuli, and that serotonin is an important neurotransmitter in the small intestine.

scholarly journals Coastal storm waves detection system design using Beaufort scale standardization and Sugianto wave forecasting method in Timbulsloko, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
S Ginanjar ◽  
S Adiningsih ◽  
Y N Fadlilah ◽  
S Wulandari ◽  
C B Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Coastal Storms ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Wave Forecasting

Abstract Storm is defined as a disturbance of the atmosphere marked by winds and usually by rain. Coastal storms must comprise a maritime component, such as waves, currents and/or water levels. Coastal storm detection is necessary so the number of casualties and losses caused by these events can be reduced. The method used in this system is the Sugianto wave forecasting method with standardization of coastal storms using the Beaufort scale. The purpose of this study is to built up an internet of things based system to observe coastal storm information and wave forecasting data from wind speed data that obtained in Timbulsloko, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. The tidal data is processed using the Admiralty method. This system was built using Arduino Uno equipped with anemometer JL-FS2 to measure wind and waves parameters. The power source from 100 wp solar panels stored in a 40 Ah accumulator. Data from field instrument is stored to the IoT MAPID database using NodeMCU ESP8266. This system is placed in Timbulsloko, Demak. The results of field observation then validated using BMKG. This method could be applied in other location along the north coast of Java. The results of field observation showed an average wind speed 3.9848 m/s; significant wave height 0.4632 m; significant wave period 3.8641 s; wave energy 493.90 J/m2; wind energy 116.74 W/m2.

Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of p53 protein

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1720-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Levesque ◽  
M D'Costa ◽  
K Angelopoulou ◽  
E P Diamandis
Keyword(s):  
Detection System ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Secondary Antibody ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Transformed Cell Lines

Abstract A common feature of human tumor tissue is mutant p53 protein accumulation. Here we evaluate a new "sandwich" immunoassay for p53 protein incorporating modifications to a previously reported method, including the use of microtiter plates coated directly with the anti-p53 monoclonal antibody DO-1, a detergent- and mouse serum-containing sample diluent, and a labeled secondary antibody diluent containing goat serum. The use of CM-1 antiserum to probe the immunocaptured p53 and the detection of bound complexes by a labeled secondary antibody allows coupling to a time-resolved fluorescence detection system. The new assay yielded p53 concentrations comparable with those by the previous assay for breast tumor cytosols (n = 198), nondiseased breast tissues (n = 70), and five transformed cell lines, but showed differences in p53 values measured in sera from patients without cancer (n = 78). These serum differences were found to reflect nonspecific interferences affecting the original method, which implies that the new immunoassay has improved specificity for serum p53 quantification.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Signaling and Role of Glial Cells in Herpes Simplex Virus- and Rabies Virus-Induced Encephalitis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2364
Author(s):  
Lena Feige ◽  
Luca M. Zaeck ◽  
Julia Sehl-Ewert ◽  
Stefan Finke ◽  
Hervé Bourhy
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I ◽  
Simplex Virus

The environment of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a double-edged sword in the context of viral infections. On the one hand, the infectious route for viral pathogens is restricted via neuroprotective barriers; on the other hand, viruses benefit from the immunologically quiescent neural environment after CNS entry. Both the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the rabies virus (RABV) bypass the neuroprotective blood–brain barrier (BBB) and successfully enter the CNS parenchyma via nerve endings. Despite the differences in the molecular nature of both viruses, each virus uses retrograde transport along peripheral nerves to reach the human CNS. Once inside the CNS parenchyma, HSV infection results in severe acute inflammation, necrosis, and hemorrhaging, while RABV preserves the intact neuronal network by inhibiting apoptosis and limiting inflammation. During RABV neuroinvasion, surveilling glial cells fail to generate a sufficient type I interferon (IFN) response, enabling RABV to replicate undetected, ultimately leading to its fatal outcome. To date, we do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation or suppression of the host inflammatory responses of surveilling glial cells, which present important pathways shaping viral pathogenesis and clinical outcome in viral encephalitis. Here, we compare the innate immune responses of glial cells in RABV- and HSV-infected CNS, highlighting different viral strategies of neuroprotection or Neuroinflamm. in the context of viral encephalitis.

scholarly journals KEBERADAAN DESMANTHUS VIRGATUS (FABACEAE) MELIAR DI PULAU JAWA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Arieh Mountara ◽  
Arifin Surya Dwipa Irsyam ◽  
Muhammad Rifqi Hariri ◽  
Zakaria Al Anshori ◽  
Dini Andari
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
New Record ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Observation Results

Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. is an alien plant from Tropical America and reported present in Dutch East Indies in 1855. Nonetheless, the existence of its wild population is yet to be known, which caused by lack of record in Flora of Java vol. I. Hence the research conducted to report the existence of Desmanthus virgatus in Java. The research also conducted as a part of Alien Flora of Java compilation project. Field observation conducted in West Java (Bekasi, Bogor, Sumedang) and Central Java (Batang) by using the explorative method. Observation results showed the existence of Desmanthus virgatus wild population in Bekasi, Sumedang, and Batang. Therefore, the species can be stated as a new record of alien species for Flora of Java. Desmanthus virgatus presumably already escaped from cultivation and able to form its wild population in the nature.

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