scholarly journals Respons Ketahanan Tembakau terhadap Tobamovirus dengan Agens Hayati sebagai Induser

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Riska Awalia Putri ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Christanti Sumardiyono ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
The Difference

Tobamovirus is one of the important pathogen that  decrease   the quantity and quality  of cigar tobacco cultivation. One of the alternative control of this disease is by using rhizosphere biological agents such as Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and mycorrhiza. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and mechanism of the biological agents singly and in combination to induce cigar tobacco plant resistance of the F1 (TV38xG) variety in the greenhouse. The biological agents were applied on the root of tobacco during nursery and transplanting. The virus inoculation was performed 10 days after transplanting. The results showed that the treatment with Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and mycorrhizal were capable to decrease disease incidence by delaying mosaic symptoms  for 6-day in a single treatment and 3 days in combination treatment. The treatment of Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and mycorrhiza both in single and in combination were capable to decrease the disease intensity for 26%, 23%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. Induced resistance was performed by increased peroxidase activity in the treatment of mycorrhiza as much as 29.27%, Bacillus spp. 20.65%, and Streptomyces spp. 11.10%. Protein analysis with SDS-PAGE of tobacco plants  showed the difference in profile and size of protein bands. Protein bands measuring 17 kDa and 30 kDa were found in tobacco infected Tobamovirus but was not found in healthy tobacco. The single application of Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and mycorrhiza on tobacco infected Tobamovirus  increase plant growth including plant height as much as 53.71%, number of leaves 57%, stem diameter 29.40%, root length 60.77%, fresh weight of leaves 196.90%, and dry weight of leaf of 265.31%. IntisariTobamovirus merupakan salah satu patogen penting yang menyebabkan penurunan kuantitas dan kualitas pada budidaya tembakau cerutu. Salah satu alternatif pengendalian penyakit ini menggunakan agens hayati pengkoloni akar yaitu Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., dan Mikoriza. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan mekanisme agens hayati secara tunggal dan kombinasi dalam menginduksi ketahanan tanaman tembakau cerutu varietas F1 (TV38xG) di rumah kaca. Agens hayati diaplikasikan pada perakaran tembakau pada saat pembibitan dan pindah tanam. Inokulasi virus dilakukan 10 hari setelah pindah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., dan Mikoriza dapat menurunkan insidensi penyakit dengan menunda munculnya gejala mosaik 6 hari pada perlakuan tunggal dan 3 hari pada perlakuan kombinasi. Perlakuan Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., dan Mikoriza secara tunggal, dan kombinasi dapat menurunkan intensitas penyakit mosaik berturut-turut 26%, 23%, 15%, dan 10%. Induksi ketahanan terbentuk melalui peningkatan aktivitas peroksidase pada perlakuan Mikoriza 29,27%, Bacillus spp. 20,65%, Streptomyces spp. 11,10%. Analisis protein dengan SDS-PAGE diperoleh adanya perbedaan profi dan ukuran pita protein. Ditemukan pita protein berukuran 17 kDa dan 30 kDa pada tembakau yang terinfeksi Tobamovirus tetapi tidak ditemukan pada tembakau sehat. Aplikasi Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., dan Mikoriza secara tunggal pada tanaman tembakau yang terinfeksi Tobamovirus berpengaruh baik terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Tinggi tanaman meningkat 53,71%, jumlah daun 57%, diameter batang 29,40%, panjang akar 60,77%, berat segar daun 196,90%, dan berat kering daun 265,31%. 

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY Pueraria phaseoloides var. Javanica FERTILIZED WITH MANURE FROM CATTLE OFFERED CONCENTRATE CONTAINNING DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH AMMONIUM SULFAT

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Tjok. Istri Putri ◽  
Ni Putu Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study aims to determine the optimal dosage of manure derived from cattle fed concentrated rations supplemented ammonium sulfate which can increase the productivity of Pueraria phaseoloidesvar .Javanica. The design used in this experiment was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments were fertilized with doses of 10, 15, 20 and 25 tons / ha, respectively for the treatment of A, B, C and D, so overall there were 20 pot experiments. The study was conducted for 12 weeks. Observed variables were plant length, number of leaves, number of branches, dry weight (DW) of leaves, DW of stem DW, total BK, leaf color, leaf stem ratio (LSR) and leaf weight ratio”(LWR). The results showed that legumes treated A B, C and D produced high crop, leaf area, leaf color, LSR and LWR were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The treated legume C. resulted in a significantly higher leaf number than the treated legume A, B and D (P <0.05). The number of branches and DW leaves on legumes treated with C were significantly higher (P <0.05) than those receiving treatment A. and were not significantly different with legumes treated with B and D (P> 0.05). The DW of stem and total DW production from legume treated C were significantly higher with those treated with A and B (P <0.05) and the difference was not significant with those treated with D (P> 0.05). From the results of the study it can be concluded that legume treated with C or fertilized with manure derived from cattle fed concentrate containning diet supplemented ammonium sulfate at a dose of 20 tons / ha yield of leguminous productivity Peuraria phaseoloides var. javanica maximum. Keywords: manure, pueraria phaseoloides, productivity.

PENGARUH GENOTIP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN DAN TINGKAT NETRALISASI Al TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERAKARAN KEDELAI

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Elfi Yenny Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Root Function ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

Cultivation of plants on dry acid land faces several obstacles, including drought and high Al3 + solubility. The response of soybean to water deficit varies depending on the plant species, the size and duration of stress and the growth phase. The high solubility of Al3 + in the soil is toxic to plants, thus inhibiting root function and growth. The purpose of this study was to study the growth response and tolerance mechanisms of soybeans under drought and aluminum stress conditions. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) 3 factors with 3 replications, consisting of soybean genotypes (SP 30-4, PG 57-1, Anjasmoro and Tanggamus), drought periods (2, 6 and 10 days), and Al neutralization ( 0 x Aldd and 1 x Aldd). The difference in growth response between genotypes to Al stress and drought was seen in the variables of plant height, number of leaves, and crown dry weight

scholarly journals APPLICATON OF MYCORRIZA ON PLANTING MEDIA OF TWO TOMATO VARIETIES TO INCREASEVEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY IN DROUGHT CONDITION

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paramita Cahyaningrum Kuswandi ◽  
Lili Sugiyarto
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference

A method used for the development of dry areas/marginal lands is the improvement of soil structure and addition to the media to support the growth and development of crops. Tomatoes have the potential to be developed in marginal lands due to its high nutrition, high in demand and easy to be cultivated. One of the method used to improve planting media is the addition of microorganism such as mycorrhiza which can help the absorbtion of water and nutrition for plants. The interval of irrigation is used as a simulation of drought. This research aim was to observe the effect of mycorrhiza in the soil on the growth and development of tomato with several treatments of irrigation. The method used was the addition of 4 g of mycorrhiza  per polybag (size 30x30 cm2), using Complete Randomized Design. There were 6 combinations of treatments. The treatments were : 3 interval of irrigation (every day, every 7 days and every 14 days), and 2 treatments of mycorrhiza (0 g and 4 g). There were 3 repetition for each combination of treatments. The results showed that the addition of mycorrhiza can increase significantly plant fresh and dry weight and also root length. The difference in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, plant growth rate and percentage of infection were caused by the difference in irrigation interval. The difference in the varieties used also contribute to a difference in the percentage of infection. Further research must be made on the effect of mycorrhiza with addition of inorganic fertilizer to increase the growth and development of tomato plants in water stressed condition. Keywords:   mycorriza, tomato, draught simulation

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN DAYA HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascolanicum L.) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK KALIUM DAN PUPUK KANDANG AYAM PADA UKURAN BIBIT YANG BERBEDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Armaini Armaini ◽  
Tri Hardianti ◽  
Irfandri Irfandri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tuber Fresh Weight ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plot Design

Shallot productivity can be increased by taking into account the right fertilizer factor and the potential of the seeds used. The study of potassium and manure dosages and seed size were carried out to get the best treatment in increasing growth and yield. The study was conducted in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, from February to April 2019, using a divided plot design. The main plot is the difference in seed size (> 5.0 - 7.5 and 2.5 - 5.0) g, subplots of doses of manure (0, 15, 30) ton.ha-1 and children of subplots (0 , 200, 400) kg.ha-1. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, age of harvest, number of tubers per clump, diameter of tuber, tuber fresh weight and tuber dry weight, further tests used BNJ level of 5%. The results showed that the highest dry weight of tubers was obtained in the treatment of large seedlings (> 5.0 - 7.5 g) which were given 30 tons. ha-1 of manure and 400 kg.ha-1 of KCl, with an achievement of 4.1 tons.ha-1.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS AGENSIA HAYATI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI Ralstonia solanacearum DAN MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Kasidal Kasidal ◽  
Noor Aidawati ◽  
Dewi Erika Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Wet Weight

Chili is an important commodity for most people, because of its function in terms of improving taste and appetite. Chili was seriously developed with the support of government funds for chili farmers. The development of chili plants, has enough obstacles, especially wich caused by plant disturbing organisms whether it is pests or diseases. The important organism that disturbs chili is wilting caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In South Kalimantan, this disease reportedly attacked chilies spread in the districts of Banjar, Banjarbaru, Barito Kuala, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Tengah and Balangan with a cumulative attack area of 15,7 ha on 2017 (South Kalimantan BPTPH Database). This disease is important because of the nature of the attack which can cause the plants to wilt suddenly all part of the plant. Plants wich attacked by bacterial wilt cannot be cured. The effort that can be done in prevention before pathogens infect the plants (Sastra, 2004). One way to overcome this problem is biological control using biological agents from the type of antagonistic bacteria Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and type of antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp. From three biological agents proven able to inhibit the development of R. solanacearum in vitro which produces a zone of inhibition as wide as 13,5 mm for Bacillus spp, 22,25 mm for Pseudomonas fluorescens and 8,42 mm for Trichoderma spp. and can increase plant height growth, chili weight, root weight, wet weight, and dry weight plants. Trichoderma spp as the best biological agents for increasing chili growth and yield.

Molecular Forms of Human Protein C: Comparison and Distribution in Human Adult Plasma

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 902-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Greffe ◽  
Marilyn J Manco-Johnson ◽  
Richard A Marlar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Beta Form ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Adult Plasma ◽  
The Difference

SummaryProtein C (PC) is a vitamin K-dependent protein which functions as both an anticoagulant and profibrinolytic. It is synthesized as a single chain protein (SC-PC) and post-transla-tionally modified into a two chain form (2C-PC). Two chain PC consists of a light chain (LC) and a heavy chain (HC). The present study was undertaken to determine the composition of the molecular forms of PC in plasma. PC was immunoprecipitated, subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The blots were scanned by densitometry to determine the distribution of the various forms. The percentage of SC-PC and 2C-PC was found to be 10% and 90% respectively. This is in agreement with previous work. SC-PC and the heavy chain of 2C-PC consisted of three molecular forms (“alpha”, “beta”, and “gamma”). The “alpha” form of HC is the standard 2C form with a MW of 40 Kd. The “beta” form of HC has also been described and has MW which is 4 Kd less than the “alpha” form. The “gamma” species of the SC and 2C-PC has not been previously described. However, its 3 Kd difference from the “beta” form could be due to modification of the “beta” species or to a separate modification of the alpha-HC. The LC of PC was shown to exist in two forms (termed form 1 and form 2). The difference between these two forms is unknown. The molecular forms of PC are most likely due to a post-translational modification (either loss of a carbohydrate or a peptide) rather than from plasma derived degradation.

scholarly journals Subcellular localization and purification of a p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from cultured carrot cells and characterization of the corresponding cDNA

1997 ◽  
Vol 325 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle GARCIA ◽  
Matthew RODGERS ◽  
Catherine LENNE ◽  
Anne ROLLAND ◽  
Alain SAILLAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Carrot Cells ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dioxygenase Activity

p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase catalyses the transformation of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. In plants this enzyme has a crucial role because homogentisate is the aromatic precursor of all prenylquinones. Furthermore this enzyme was recently identified as the molecular target for new families of potent herbicides. In this study we examine precisely the localization of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity within carrot cells. Our results provide evidence that, in cultured carrot cells, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase is associated with the cytosol. Purification and SDS/PAGE analysis of this enzyme revealed that its activity is associated with a polypeptide of 45–46 kDa. This protein specifically cross-reacts with an antiserum raised against the p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Gel-filtration chromatography indicates that the enzyme behaves as a homodimer. We also report the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding a carrot p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. The nucleotide sequence (1684 bp) encodes a protein of 442 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 48094 Da and shows specific C-terminal regions of similarity with other p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases. This cDNA encodes a functional p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, as evidenced by expression studies with transformed Escherichia coli cells. Comparison of the N-terminal sequence of the 45–46 kDa polypeptide purified from carrot cells with the deduced peptide sequence of the cDNA confirms that this polypeptide supports p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase activity. Immunodetection studies of the native enzyme in carrot cellular extracts reveal that N-terminal proteolysis occurs during the process of purification. This proteolysis explains the difference in molecular masses between the purified protein and the deduced polypeptide.

scholarly journals Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
Linda Carrino ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Luisa del Piano ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Folin Assay ◽  
Final Harvest

Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.

scholarly journals Bacillus-based biological control of cotton seedling disease complex

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmed Khiyami ◽  
Moawad Ragab Omar ◽  
Kamel Ahmed Abd-Elsalam ◽  
Aly Abd El-Hady Aly
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Cotton Seedling ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Strains

Abstract To formulate an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for the management of cotton seedling disease complex, pot experiments were conducted and the efficiency of eight Bacillus strains against seven fungi involved in the disease were determined. A greenhouse evaluation of the interaction between fungal isolates and Bacillus strains was carried out. The evaluation revealed a very highly significant Bacillus strains x fungal isolates interaction for all the following parameters: preemergence damping-off, postemergence damping-off, survival, plant height, and dry weight. This interaction implies that a single strain of the Bacillus sp. can be highly effective against a fungal isolate, but may have only minimal effects on other fungal isolates. The results of the present study demonstrated that Bacillus circulans and B. coagulans were the most effective strains in controlling cotton seedling disease. Therefore, strains of Bacillus spp. should be tested against as many fungal isolates as possible. The testing will improve the chance of identifying Bacillus strains effective against several fungal isolates.

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