scholarly journals Coseismic Displacement Accumulation Between 1996 and 2019 Using A Global Empirical Law on Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station (InaCORS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecep Pratama ◽  
Febrian Fitryanik Susanta ◽  
Ridho Ilahi ◽  
Alian Fathira Khomaini ◽  
Hadi Wijaya Kusuma Abdillah
Keyword(s):  
Reference Station ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Coseismic Displacement ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Secular Motion ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Empirical Law ◽  
Continuous Gps

Indonesia archipelago is one of the most populated country with active and complex tectonic zone in the world. Plate boundaries were assembled by four major plate which made the region not only vulnerable to earth-hazard but also prone to semi-dynamic reference frame. However, influence of transient deformation such as coseismic displacement due to large amount of small to intermediate earthquakes (< Mw 6) on the geodetic networks is remain poorly understood. Geospatial Information Agency occupied permanent and continuous GPS networks since 1996 but rapidly increase in 2010. Based on simulated empirical law of coseismic crustal deformation, we estimate the cumulative displacement due to coseismic step on Indonesia Continuous Operating Reference Stations (InaCORS). We utilize the position of the observation network and earthquake hypocentral with estimated moment magnitude. Our result suggesting small to intermediate earthquakes are indispensable for estimating secular motion and potentially contribute the cumulative offset associated with the transient postseismic deformation.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF CO- AND POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION AFTER THE Mw 8.6 NIAS-SEMEULUE AND Mw 8.5 BENGKULU EARTHQUAKES FROM CONTINUOUS GPS DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
W. A. W. Aris ◽  
T. A. Musa ◽  
K. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Decay Period ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
The Impact

The Mw 8.5 Bengkulu earthquake of 30 September 2007 and the Mw8.6 28 March 2005 are considered amongst large earthquake ever recorded in Southeast Asia. The impact into tectonic deformation was recorded by a network of Global Positioning System (GPS) Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) within southern of Sumatra and west-coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The GPS data from the GPS CORS network has been deployed to investigate the characteristic of postseismic deformation due to the earthquakes. Analytical logarithmic and exponential function was applied to investigate the deformation decay period of postseismic deformation. This investigation provides a preliminary insight into postseismic cycle along the Sumatra subduction zone in particular and on the dynamics Peninsular Malaysia in general.

Geodetic Observation of Seismic Cycles before, during, and after the 2020 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Hammond ◽  
Geoffrey Blewitt ◽  
Corné Kreemer ◽  
Richard D. Koehler ◽  
Seth Dee
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Coseismic Displacement ◽  
Viscoelastic Deformation ◽  
Surface Rupture ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Time Modeling ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The 15 May 2020, M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada earthquake (MCE) occurred inside the footprint of the semicontinuous MAGNET and continuous Network of the Americas Global Positioning System (GPS) networks, which provide precise geodetic coverage in the western Great basin. The event occurred in the White Mountain seismic gap between twentieth century events in the eastern central Walker Lane, on an east-northeast extension of faults in the Candelaria Hills. The earthquake precipitated a rapid and sustained GPS field response, which is providing data on the MCE pre-, co-, and postseismic deformation. The response was especially rapid owing to ∼1 dozen MAGNET stations immediately surrounding the epicenter being fortuitously occupied with receivers at event time. Modeling the coseismic displacements suggests that the MCE offset was ∼1  m, greater than the individual observations of surface rupture, but consistent with the seismic moment. Although the epicenter is separated from most of the observed surface rupture by ∼10  km, the slip plane inferred from the GPS data spans the gap, suggesting deep slip continuity that tapered toward the surface, making the event partially blind. However, the range of magnitudes estimated from geologic, geodetic, and seismic data overlap in the range of Mw 6.3–6.4. Postseismic displacement over several months occurred in directions aligned with the coseismic displacement, suggesting afterslip of over 9% of the coseismic displacement, too large to be explained by aftershock seismicity, suggesting that most postseismic deformation was aseismic. The interseismic direction of no-length change was very closely aligned to the MCE slip azimuth, as expected for a strike-slip event. This alignment is sensitive to transient postseismic viscoelastic deformation from previous earthquakes in the western Great basin, which may have temporarily improved the alignment. Thus, these viscoelastic transients may have created conditions favoring the slip to occur on the MCE fault.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION OF POSTSEISMIC DEFORMATION PARAMETERS FROM CONTINUOUS GPS DATA IN KOREA PENINSULA AND IEODO AFTER THE 2011 TOHOKU-OKI MW9.0 EARTHQUAKE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W1 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
W. A. W. Aris ◽  
T. A. Musa ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
Y. Choi ◽  
H. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Function ◽  
Deformation Characteristic ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Logarithmic Function ◽  
Exponential Functions ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
Continuous Gps

This paper describes utilization of GPS data in Korea Peninsula and IEODO ocean research station for investigation of postseismic deformation characteristic after the 2011 Tohoku-oki Mw9.0 Earthquake. Analytical logarithmic and exponential functions were used to evaluate the postseismic deformation parameters. The results found that the data in Korea Peninsula and IEODO during periods of mid-2011 – mid-2014 are fit better using logarithmic function with deformation decay at 134.5 ±0.1 days than using the exponential function. The result also clearly indicates that further investigation into postseismic deformation over longer data span should be taken into account to explain tectonic deformation over the region.

Postseismic Relaxation Following the 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred F. Pollitz ◽  
Charles W. Wicks ◽  
Jerry L. Svarc ◽  
Eleyne Phillips ◽  
Benjamin A. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Crust ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Viscoelastic Relaxation ◽  
Lateral Strike Slip ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Postseismic Relaxation ◽  
Continuous Gps

ABSTRACT The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence involved predominantly right-lateral strike slip on a northwest–southeast-trending subvertical fault in the 6 July M 7.1 mainshock, preceded by left-lateral strike slip on a northeast–southwest-trending subvertical fault in the 4 July M 6.4 foreshock. To characterize the postseismic deformation, we assemble displacements measured by Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. The geodetic measurements illuminate vigorous postseismic deformation for at least 21 months following the earthquake sequence. The postseismic transient deformation is particularly well constrained from survey-mode GPS (sGPS) in the epicentral region carried out during the weeks after the mainshock. We interpret these observations with mechanical models including afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and mantle asthenosphere. During the first 21 months, up to several centimeters of horizontal motions are measured at continuous GPS and sGPS sites, with amplitude that diminishes slowly with distance from the mainshock rupture, suggestive of deeper afterslip or viscoelastic relaxation. We find that although afterslip involving right-lateral strike slip along the mainshock fault traces and their deeper extensions reach a few decimeters, most postseismic deformation is attributable to viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and mantle. Within the Basin and Range crust and mantle, we infer a transient lower crust viscosity several times that of the mantle asthenosphere. The transient mantle asthenosphere viscosity is ∼1.3×1017  Pa s, and the adjacent Central Valley transient mantle asthenosphere viscosity is ∼7×1017  Pa s, about five times higher and consistent with an asymmetry in postseismic horizontal motions across the mainshock surface rupture.

NIED’s V-net, the Fundamental Volcano Observation Network in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Tanada ◽  
Hideki Ueda ◽  
Masashi Nagai ◽  
Motoo Ukawa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Observation Network

In response to the recommendation of the Council for Science and Technology (Subdivision on Geodesy and Geophysics), the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) constructed a network of stations to observe 11 volcanoes: Tokachidake, Usuzan, Tarumaesan, Hokkaido-Komagatake, Iwatesan, Kusatsu-Shiranesan, Asamayama, Asosan, Kirishimayama, Unzendake, and Kuchinoerabujima. At each new station, a borehole seismograph and tiltmeter, a broadband seismograph, and a GNSS (GPS) were installed. Now, NIED has established 55 stations at 16 volcanoes, adding five volcanoes, namely, Izu- Oshima, Miyakejima, Ogasawara Iwoto, Mt. Fuji and Nasu-dake, and has constructed a new volcano observation network linking the 11 original volcanoes. NIED calls the combination of the new and earlier network the fundamental volcano observation network (V-net).Under a fully open policy, data from the borehole seismographs and tiltmeters, broadband seismographs, rain gauges, barometers,and quartz thermometers in the pressure vessels of the borehole seismographs and tiltmeters are distributed to institutes such as the Japan Meteorological Agency and universities in real time over NIED’s conventional seismic observation data distribution system. GNSS (GPS) data are regularly distributed to relevant research institutes, such as the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, using file transfer protocol (FTP). In addition, since everyone can use these data for the promotion of volcano research and volcanic disaster prevention, it is now possible to view seismic waves and download data from NIED’s website.

scholarly journals Probing afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation following the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake based on the 3-D Finite Element Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Su ◽  
Fuqiang Shi ◽  
Weijun Gan ◽  
Xiaoning Su ◽  
Junyi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Viscoelastic Relaxation ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Continuous Gps

Abstract We analyzed GPS coordinate time series from 34 continuous GPS stations in Nepal and 5 continuous GPS stations in South Tibet of China, and extracted the first 4.8 years postseismic displacements after the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake. With the longer duration GPS observations, we found that postseismic displacements mainly exhibit the southward and uplift movement at the epcientral area. To study the postseismic afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation, we then built 3-D spherical finite element model (FEM) with heterogeneous material properties and surface topography across the Himalayan range, accounting for the strong variations of material properties and surface elevation along central Himalayan arc. The sophisticated FEM is more realistic and perform better than the flat layered earth model. On the basis of it, we reveal that the predicted viscoelastic relaxation of cm level is opposite to the observed postseismic deformation; the postseismic deformation with viscoelastic relaxation deducted is well explained by afterslip downdip of coseismic rupture, which indicates the afterslip is still dominant during 4.8 years postseismic deformation after the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake; The lack of slip on a shallow portion and western segment of the MHT during and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake implies continued seismic hazard in the future.

Ground Deformation of Mayon Volcano Revealed by GPS Campaign Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Akimichi Takagi ◽  
◽  
Kenji Fujiwara ◽  
Takahiro Ohkura ◽  
Artemio C. Luis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Pressure Source ◽  
Mayon Volcano ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Gps Observation ◽  
Continuous Gps ◽  
Do So

Determining the location and the amount of volume change of the pressure source beneath a volcano during the eruption preparation stage is an important issue in monitoring the magma accumulation. To do so, we have implemented a GPS campaign survey network around the Mayon volcano and monitored ground deformation since 2005. Rapid grounddeflating deformation was detected accompanied by the 2009 eruption. The Mogi model pressure source was estimated to be 8.5 km deep beneath the summit and the amount of volume change –13 × 106 m3. In magma accumulation preceding the 2009 eruption, ground deformation showed a weak inflationary trend, but it was difficult to evaluate the source parameters definitively. After the 2009 eruption, no deformation has been detected by the Continuous GPS observation network since 2012. Trend of many baselines of continuous and campaign network turned to extension since 2014. Magma may have started accumulating beneath the Mayon volcano.

scholarly journals Probing time-dependent afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation following the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake based on the 3-D Finite Element Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Su ◽  
Fuqiang Shi ◽  
Weijun Gan ◽  
Xiaoning Su ◽  
Junyi Yan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Viscoelastic Relaxation ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Continuous Gps

Abstract We analyzed daily displacement time series from 34 continuous GPS stations in Nepal and 5 continuous GPS stations in South Tibet, China, and extracted the first 4.8 years of postseismic motion after the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake. With the longer duration GPS observations, we find that postseismic displacements mainly exhibit southward and uplift motion. To study the postseismic afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation, we built a 3-D spherical finite element model (FEM) with heterogeneous material properties and surface topography across the Himalayan range, accounting for the strong variations in material properties and surface elevation along central Himalayan arc. On the basis of the FEM, we reveal that the predicted viscoelastic relaxation of cm level moves southward to the north of the Gorkha earthquake rupture, but in an opposite direction to the observed postseismic deformation in the south; the postseismic deformation excluding viscoelastic relaxation is well explained by afterslip downdip of the coseismic rupture. The afterslip is dominant during 4.8 years after the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake; the contribution by the viscoelastic relaxation gradually increases slightly. The lack of slip on a shallow portion and western segment of the MHT during and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake implies continued seismic hazard in the future.

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