NIED’s V-net, the Fundamental Volcano Observation Network in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Tanada ◽  
Hideki Ueda ◽  
Masashi Nagai ◽  
Motoo Ukawa ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Open Policy ◽  
Observation Network

In response to the recommendation of the Council for Science and Technology (Subdivision on Geodesy and Geophysics), the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) constructed a network of stations to observe 11 volcanoes: Tokachidake, Usuzan, Tarumaesan, Hokkaido-Komagatake, Iwatesan, Kusatsu-Shiranesan, Asamayama, Asosan, Kirishimayama, Unzendake, and Kuchinoerabujima. At each new station, a borehole seismograph and tiltmeter, a broadband seismograph, and a GNSS (GPS) were installed. Now, NIED has established 55 stations at 16 volcanoes, adding five volcanoes, namely, Izu- Oshima, Miyakejima, Ogasawara Iwoto, Mt. Fuji and Nasu-dake, and has constructed a new volcano observation network linking the 11 original volcanoes. NIED calls the combination of the new and earlier network the fundamental volcano observation network (V-net).Under a fully open policy, data from the borehole seismographs and tiltmeters, broadband seismographs, rain gauges, barometers,and quartz thermometers in the pressure vessels of the borehole seismographs and tiltmeters are distributed to institutes such as the Japan Meteorological Agency and universities in real time over NIED’s conventional seismic observation data distribution system. GNSS (GPS) data are regularly distributed to relevant research institutes, such as the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, using file transfer protocol (FTP). In addition, since everyone can use these data for the promotion of volcano research and volcanic disaster prevention, it is now possible to view seismic waves and download data from NIED’s website.

scholarly journals Development of Application Systems for Earthquake Early Warning

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Fujinawa ◽  
◽  
Yoshinori Rokugo ◽  
Yoichi Noda ◽  
Yoshinobu Mizui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Earthquake Early Warning ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

In Japan, governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and private companies cooperated to develop the Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) system from 2003 to 2007. It is for overall use in the country to mitigate earthquake disasters. Real-time Earthquake Information Consortium (REIC) is in charge of developing the application system for EEW. All data are from the networks of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). Those data are collected and analyzed in real time using the system developed by the NIED and JMA. The JMA officially issues two kinds of EEW: one for general public and one for advanced users. Once earthquakes occur, the focal parameters are calculated as quickly as possible after sufficient number of observation sites detect seismic waves, and are transmitted to the advanced users, generally within seconds. The parameters disseminated can be used by any private party or organization for their own purposes. We have developed 14 particular application systems to help with various countermeasures, including automated and/or semi-automated responses in each field. The systems are being adopted gradually for earthquake disaster mitigation.

scholarly journals 3D Total Lightning Observation Network in Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Tokyo LMA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-785
Author(s):  
Namiko Sakurai ◽  
Koyuru Iwanami ◽  
Shingo Shimizu ◽  
Yasushi Uji ◽  
Shin-ichi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Mapping Array ◽  
Total Lightning ◽  
Prediction Techniques

The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience deployed a lightning mapping array (LMA) in the Tokyo metropolitan area in March 2017. Called the “Tokyo LMA,” it obtains detailed three-dimensional observations of the total lightning activity (cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes) in storms. The network initially consisted of 8 receiving stations, expanded to 12 stations in March 2018. Real-time total lightning images were first opened on the webpage in Japan. Real-time observations from the Tokyo LMA will be used in nowcasting lightning hazards and mitigating lightning disasters. Archived data will be used to develop lightning prediction techniques and a lightning climatology for the Tokyo metropolitan area.

An Optimum 2D Seismic-Wavefield Reconstruction in Densely and Nonuniformly Distributed Stations: The Metropolitan Seismic Observation Network in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Shiina ◽  
Takuto Maeda ◽  
Masayuki Kano ◽  
Aitaro Kato ◽  
Naoshi Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Weighting Functions ◽  
Seismic Observation ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Weights ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Seismic Wavefield

Abstract We propose an optimization method for applying the seismic-wave gradiometry (SWG) method to a dense seismic station network consisting of nonuniformly distributed seismographs. As a nonuniformly distributed station array, we consider the station layout of the Metropolitan Seismic Observation Network (MeSO-net) operated in and around the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. In this study, thereby, we numerically investigate optimum shapes of weighting functions, which control the spatial weights of individual stations when estimating waveforms at any grid points in the SWG method, to reconstruct seismic wavefields propagating in the MeSO-net. The functions with isotropic spatial weights are found to be appropriate for wavefield reconstructions with seismic waves incoming from practically all directions, even for nonuniformly distributed stations. The reproducibility of the wavefields is greatly improved by changing the shapes of the spatial weights reflecting density of the stations. Further plausible wavefield reconstructions are made by considering the propagation directions of the seismic waves. In these cases, if the weight of a contribution for a wavefield reconstruction is larger at far stations with a direction perpendicular to the wave propagation direction, then the reproducibility of the waveforms is significantly increased. In addition, the spatial gradients of the amplitudes are well reproduced by the optimized SWG method even though the optimization only focused on the amplitudes. Therefore, our proposed optimization scheme can be used to accurately estimate seismic wavefields in a nonuniformly distributed station array. Actually, the weighting functions optimized in this study succeeded to reconstruct the seismic wavefield of a shallow crustal earthquake that occurred around the Tokyo metropolitan area, based on the observed seismograms obtained by the MeSO-net.

Sunspot observation by the cooperation of amateur astronomers and researchers in Japan in early 20th century as early citizen science program

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 336-338
Author(s):  
Harufumi Tamazawa
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Solar Observation ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Observation Network

AbstractThe development of astronomy has been developed by the cooperation of amateur astronomers and researchers. Sunspot observation is a good example of Extreme citizen science in early days. Issei YAMAMOTO (1889–1959), organized “Oriental Astronomical Association (OAA),” Yamamoto’s materials (now in Kwasan observatory) include solar observation data sent from many observers in Japan. From the viewpoint of today’s Citizen Science, collaborative observation of sunspot between researchers of solar physics and amateur astronomers in Japan has clearly a context of social mission rather than mere academic interest. From the viewpoint of science communication, we can see that Yamamoto’s call includes a social mission to promote astronomy in Japan, and that amateurs responded to Yamamoto’s call by participating in the observation network. It can be said that this collaboration have not only “cultural” aspect but also “civic”or “practical” aspect.

scholarly journals Inundation Analysis of the Oda River Basin in Japan during the Flood Event of 6–7 July 2018 Utilizing Local and Global Hydrographic Data

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakti P. C. ◽  
Hideyuki Kamimera ◽  
Ryohei Misumi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Radar Rainfall ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Backwater Effect

During the first week of July 2018, widespread flooding caused extensive damage across several river basins in western Japan. Among the affected basins were the Mabicho district of Kurashiki city in the lower part of the Oda river basin of the Okayama prefecture. An analysis of such a historical flood event can provide useful input for proper water resources management. Therefore, to improve our understanding of the flood inundation profile over the Oda river basin during the period of intense rainfall from 5–8 July 2018, the Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) model was used, with radar rainfall data from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as the input. River geometries—width, depth, and embankments—of the Oda river were generated and applied in the simulation. Our results show that the Mabicho district flooding was due to a backwater effect and bursting embankments along the Oda River. The model setup was then redesigned, taking into account these factors. The simulated maximum flood-affected areas were then compared with data from the Japanese Geospatial Information Authority (GSI), which showed that the maximum flood inundation areas estimated by the RRI model and the GSI flood-affected area matched closely. River geometries were extracted from a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), combined with coarser resolution DEM data (global data), and then utilized to perform a hydrological simulation of the Oda river basin under the scenarios of backwater effect and embankment failure. While this approach produced a successful outcome in this study, this is a case study for a single river basin in Japan. However, the fact that these results yielded valid information on the extent of flood inundation over the flood-affected area suggests that such an approach could be applicable to any river basin.

An Increasing Trend in the Early Winter Precipitation during Recent Decades along the Coastal Areas of the Sea of Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2893-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Yasunaga ◽  
Masashi Tomochika
Keyword(s):  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Precipitation Increase

Abstract Long-term changes in the monthly precipitation along the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan are examined using monthly operational observation data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The monthly precipitation in December significantly increased from the mid-1980s to 2015, even though no remarkable changes were found in January, February, or November. Significant positive trends in the December precipitation extend widely over the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan, and the amounts increase to approximately 50% of the climatological precipitation in December at most observational stations. The interannual variations in other variables, including the monthly accumulated actual sunshine duration, days with lightning detection, and satellite-retrieved outgoing longwave radiation, also show significant trends that are consistent with the precipitation increase in December. The effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) on precipitation change is discussed based on correlation and regression analyses. The interannual variations in the December precipitation averaged over the observational stations near the Sea of Japan are significantly correlated with the SSTs in the prior month (November). However, the SST increase in November is insufficient to account for the increase in precipitation. In addition, it was found that the satellite-retrieved surface wind speed in December has grown stronger in recent years over the Sea of Japan. It is suggested that the stronger wind corresponds to the enhanced monsoonal flow and is the primary cause of the precipitation increase in December.

scholarly journals Bias corrections of GOSAT SWIR XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCH<sub>4</sub> with TCCON data and their evaluation using aircraft measurement data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Inoue ◽  
I. Morino ◽  
O. Uchino ◽  
T. Nakatsuru ◽  
Y. Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Data ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Aircraft Measurement ◽  
Observation Network ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Aircraft Data

Abstract. We describe a method for removing systematic biases of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) and CH4 (XCH4) derived from short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra of the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). We conduct correlation analyses between the GOSAT biases and simultaneously-retrieved auxiliary parameters. We use these correlations to bias correct the GOSAT data, removing these spurious correlations. Data from Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) were used as reference values for this regression analysis. To evaluate the effectiveness of this correction method, the uncorrected/corrected GOSAT data were compared to independent XCO2 and XCH4 data derived from aircraft measurements taken for the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the HIAPER Pole- to-Pole observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. These comparisons demonstrate that the empirically-derived bias correction improves the agreement between GOSAT XCO2/XCH4 and the aircraft data. Finally, we present latitudinal distributions and temporal variations of the derived GOSAT biases.

scholarly journals Tides Measurement and Tidal Analysis at Jakarta Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-501
Author(s):  
Hollanda Arief Kusuma ◽  
Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis ◽  
Nadya Oktaviani ◽  
Dwi Eny Djoko Setyono
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Water Determination ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Tidal Analysis ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Coastal Mapping ◽  
Tide And Tidal Current

Tides observation conducted for these purposes such as real-time depth of water, determination mean sea level and other tidal datums to establish a system of tidal benchmarks and data for production of tide and tidal current predictions. Center for Marine and Coastal Mapping – Geospatial Information System used water level and tides data mainly to correct the water depth measurement to chart datum. This study uses sea level observation data conducted from 20th February 2018 until 4th April 2018 at Marina Batavia, Jakarta. This study found that tidal types at this location is mixed diurnal using formzahl number. Astronomical and shallow water possible constituent were derived from the harmonic analysis. Fourier analysis gives clearly visual interpretation in frequency perspective. Several constituents inseparable because of short duration records.

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