scholarly journals KOMPOSISI SPESIES TERIPANG (Holothuroidea) DI PERAIRAN KAMPUNG KAPISAWAR DISTRIK MEOS MANSWAR KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tutik Handayani ◽  
Vera Sabariah ◽  
Ronald R. Hambuako
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Habitat Condition ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
The Village ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aimed to investigate the species and its composition of sea cucumber in the Kapisawar village of Meos Manswar District in Raja Ampat Regency. This research was conducted from March to April 2014. Descriptive method was applied directly through observations by using belt transects that consisted of three stations. Then, identification of species was done through spicula appearance of sea cucumbers. Results showed that from all research stations, 10 species of sea cucumbers were found, and these species derived from 3 families and 4 genera. The species of sea cucumbers are Holothuria scabra, H. leucospilota, H. rigida, H. sucosa, Bohadschia similis, B. marmorata, B. vitiensis, Synapta maculate, Opheodesoma grisea and Stichopus variegatus. The highest number of sea cucumber species was found in the station I which consisted of 9 species from 2 families and 4 genera, followed by station II (2 families and 3 genera), and the lowest at the station III of 3 species (2 families and 2 genera). Some of the sea cucumber found in the research station were economic importance, with the highest composition was at the station I because of its suitable habitat condition and the lowest in station III due to far from the village.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of a SKin Ulceration Disease (SKUD) in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with a review on the SKUDs in Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Delroisse ◽  
Kévin Van Wayneberghe ◽  
Patrick Flammang ◽  
David Gillan ◽  
Pascal Gerbaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Collagen Fibre ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Skin Ulceration ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

AbstractAquacultivated sea cucumbers often suffer from SKin Ulceration Diseases (SKUDs). SKUDs have been observed in six holothuroid species from nine countries. All SKUDs present a similar symptom—the skin ulceration—and can be induced by bacteria, viruses, or abiotic factors. We here provide an update on SKUDs in holothuroids and analyse the case of the SKUD observed in Holothuria scabra in Madagascar. Field observations revealed a seasonality of the disease (i.e. wintertime maximum peak). Morphological analyses of integument ulcers showed that sea cucumbers react by forming a collagen fibre plug. Metagenomic analyses revealed a higher proportion of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in ulcers in comparison to the healthy integument of the same individuals. Experimental infection assays were performed with ulcer crude extracts and bacteria isolated from these extracts (e.g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus) but did not significantly induce skin ulceration. Our results suggest that the disease is not induced by a pathogen or, at the very least, that the pathogen is not found within the ulcers as the disease is not transmissible by contact. An initial cause of the SKUD in Madagascar might be the repeated and prolonged exposures to cold temperatures. Opportunistic bacteria could settle in the dermis of ulcerated individuals and promote the ulcer extension. We propose a general nomenclature for SKUDs based on the acronym of the disease, the affected sea cucumber species (e.g. Hs for Holothuria scabra), the concerned region using an ISO code 3166-2 (e.g. MG for Madagascar), the description date (e.g. 20 for the year 2020), and, when known, the inducing agent (first letter of the general taxon, b for bacteria, v for virus in currently known cases; a a if it is an abiotic inducing parameter; nothing if the inducing cause has not been precisely identified). The disease described in this work will be designated under the name SKUD Hs-MG-20.

scholarly journals Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi ◽  
Michel R. Claereboudt ◽  
Saud S. Al-Busaidi
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

A rapid survey of the density and size distribution of recently exploited populations of Holothuria scabra in Mahout Bay (Ghubbat Hashish Bay) was carried out at six fishing sites. The results showed that population densities varied between 1170 and 4000 individuals ha-1 and biomass ranged between 393 and 2903 kg ha-1. The mean size of sea cucumbers and population densities were much lower in populations closer to human settlements, suggestive of overfishing. The sex ratio was estimated to be 1:1 and the size distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The length-weight relationship for both sexes was calculated as W (g) = 0.033 Length (mm) 2.178. 

Ekstraksi dan Formulasi Suspensi Oral Teripang Holothuria scabra sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ardi Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

<strong>Extraction and Oral Suspension Formulation of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra as Source of Antioxidants.</strong> Sea cucumbers have long been utilized in the food and medicine for Asia and Middle East communities. Indonesia is one of the main suppliers in the trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumber utilization in Indonesia is generally done only in the form of raw materials. Holothuria scabra is one of the sea cucumber that can be explored as a potential source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber H.scabra in extract and suspension. Sea cucumber was extracted with methanol 96% and ethanol 96%, then both antioxidant activity was tested. Extract with higher antioxidant activity were made into oral suspension preparation for further evaluation of the stability (organoleptic, pH, microorganisms) and antioxidant testing. The results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity of methanol extract, but still lower than ascorbic acid. Based on the calculation, IC<sub>50 </sub>of methanol extract was 316.85 ppm and ethanol extract was 130.54 ppm, while ascorbic acid showed IC<sub>50</sub> 34.06 ppm. The most stable formula (F1a) shows that there is still an antioxidant activity that is equal to 42.11 %.

scholarly journals Sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related genes in the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and their potential role in gonad maturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tipsuda Thongbuakaew ◽  
Saowaros Suwansa-ard ◽  
Arada Chaiyamoon ◽  
Scott F. Cummins ◽  
Prasert Sobhon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

AbstractThe sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an economically valuable marine species which is distributed throughout the Asia–Pacific region. With the natural population declining due to over fishing, aquaculture of this species is deemed necessary. Hence, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating the reproduction in order to increase their populations. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens and progestogens, play an important role in reproduction in most vertebrates and several invertebrates. It has been proposed that sea cucumbers have the same sex steroids as vertebrates but the steroidogenic pathway in the sea cucumbers is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) that sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) were present in H. scabra neural and gonadal tissues. In silico searches of available sea cucumber transcriptome data identified 26 steroidogenesis-related genes. Comparative analysis of encoded proteins for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (HscStAR), CYP P450 10, 17 and 3A (HscCYP10, HscCYP17, HscCYP3A) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (Hsc3β-HSD, Hsc17β-HSD) with other species was performed to confirm their evolutionary conservation. Gene expression analyses revealed widespread tissue expression. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that HscStAR, HscCYP10, Hsc3β-HSD, and Hsc17β-HSD gene expressions were similar to those in ovaries and testes, which increased during the gonad maturation. HscCYP17 mRNA was increased during ovarian development and its expression declined at late stages in females but continued high level in males. The expression of the HscCYP3A was high at the early stages of ovarian development, but not at other later stages in ovaries, however it remained low in testes. Moreover, a role for steroids in reproduction was confirmed following the effect of sex steroids on vitellogenin (Vtg) expression in ovary explant culture, showing upregulation of Vtg level. Collectively, this study has confirmed the existence of steroids in an echinoderm, as well as characterizing key genes associated with the steroidogenic pathway. We propose that sex steroids might also be associated with the reproduction of H. scabra, and the identification of biosynthetic genes enables future functional studies to be performed.

scholarly journals Effects of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Lee ◽  
Amanda K. Ford ◽  
Sangeeta Mangubhai ◽  
Christian Wild ◽  
Sebastian C.A. Ferse
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Reef Flat ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Stichopus Chloronotus ◽  
Shallow Water Sediments

Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of Holothuria scabra within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) high density (350 g m−2 wet weight; ca. 15 individuals); (ii) natural density (60 g m−2; ca. 3 individuals); and (iii) exclusion (0 g m−2). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by H. scabra, grain size distribution, O2 penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of H. scabra at the study site can rework ca. 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m−2 year−1; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for H. atra and Stichopus chloronotus. There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the high treatment. In the exclusion treatment, the O2 penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the high treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased ca. two-fold in the exclusion treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the high treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.

scholarly journals Potensi ekologis dan pola sebaran teripang Holothuria scabra dan Holothuria vagabunda di Perairan Tanjungkeramat Desa Pangkil, Kabupaten Bintan, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Marni ◽  
Febrianti Lestari ◽  
Susiana Susiana
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Area Method ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
A Value ◽  
Water Conditions

The aim of the study was to determine the ecological potential and pattern of the distribution of sea cucumbers in the waters of Tanjungkeramat, Pangkil Village, Teluk Bintan District, Bintan regency. This study uses a survey method, determining the area with a swap area method of 4 areas, measuring the area using a meter with a length and width of 100 x 50 m. The results of the study found 2 types. Sea cucumber from the subfamily namely Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae. The highest density of Holothuroidea species in area I is 46 individual/ha. The lowest density is in area IV which is 12 individual/ha. Sea cucumber density in Tanjungkeramat is still relatively good. The water conditions in Tanjungkeramat still meet the quality standards that support the life of sea cucumber. Distribution pattern in area I with Id value 0.69, area II with Id value 0.68, and area III with a value of 0.42 has an even distribution pattern, while the distribution pattern in area IV Id 1.00 has a random distribution pattern.

scholarly journals PERILAKU PEMIJAHAN TERIPANG PASIR (HOLOTHURIA SCABRA) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN (SUHU) DI DESA OHOI LETMAN KECAMATAN KEI KECIL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Adolof S Narayaman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Active Behavior ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

Background: Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one of the export commodities from fisheries sector which has decreased production and resource conservation. Spawning sea cucumbers as a first step in the provision of seeds on the cultivation that has been successfully done naturally, but the frequency of spawning is still very low. Method: Treatment of mother of sea cucumber which is selected and taken as sample which is 8 tail and have always active behavior. Mother of sea cucumber then selected by length and weight of sea cucumber. Result: Spawning behavior displayed by sea cucumbers during spawning based on environmental factors (temperature) by raising the temperature (boiling) seawater or temperature shock. So at an initial temperature of 27 ° C the behavior of sea cucumbers looks very active. Then with an interval of ± 30 minutes the temperature increased to 28 ° C, seen the behavior shown that the sea cucumbers do the process of elongation of the body, so that the sea cucumber looks different from before Conclusion: Male breeding spawning on the back of the body (posterior), the mother cucumber raises the height of the head or the front of the body (anterior) which visible a bulge that then removes the sperm that looks like white smoke in the water. With an interval of 10 minutes a female parent appeared to be in the same temperature and the same breeding method the mature female was removing the egg.

scholarly journals UJI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN UJI BSLT PADA EKSTRAK KASAR Holothuria scabra DENGAN BERBAGAI PELARUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636
Author(s):  
Ardi Ardiansyah ◽  
Abdullah Rasyid ◽  
Aji Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Holothuria Scabra

Holothuria scabra is one of high-value sea cucumber. The beneficial aspect of sea cucumbers is determined by the source of raw materials. The extraction process is a process that happens before sea cucumbers are used. In this process, the use of a various solvent is not only to facilitate the production process but also to maintain the active material. Also, the amount of yield obtained in the extraction process becomes a consideration in the production process. One of the benefits that are often claimed is antioxidants. This study aims to determine the yield of sea cucumbers after the extraction process by maceration with various types of solvents then antioxidant testing was carried out with DPPH followed by BSLT test. It was commonly used and easy to do. Besides, BSLT test was carried out to determine the initial toxicity and potency to be developed as antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer candidates. Results showed that the highest yield was 8.98% produced by dry sea cucumber samples extracted with ethanol PA 70% ethanol (code T5). In the results of the antioxidant tests, the best IC50 comes from dried sea cucumber extracted using ethyl acetate (code T2 and T3) with 1140 ± 0.00 ppm and1140 ± 10 ppm respectively. In the BSLT test results, the lowest LC50 was shown by extract using 100% methanol PA solvent (T4 code), with 108 ppm.

scholarly journals EKSTRAK ETANOL TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuria scabra) DALAM MEMPERBAIKI KERUSAKAN USUS HALUS MENCIT (Mus Musculus) YANG TERPAPAR KALIUM BROMAT MELALUI PENGAMATAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI MENCIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Hanna Kalorbobir ◽  
Theopilus Watuguly
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Group I

Background: In Indonesia, traditionally sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is often used as a drug for uric acid. A study has been conducted on the effect of giving sandy cucumber extract (Holothuria scabra) to microscopic images of the small intestine of mice (Mus muculus) induced by potassium bromate. Method: This study used a small intestine sample of 2-3 months old male mice weighing + 20-30gr for 15 mice used in the study, divided by 5 groups, ie group I was given allopurinol as a positive control, group II was given aquades as control group negative, group III, IV and V were given extract of sea cucumber sand and potassium bromate as treatment group with concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Result: The result of the research was analyzed quantitatively, showed that the extract of sea cucumber with 10% concentration was not significantly different with the extract of sea cucumber with concentration of 15%, when compared with the giving of sea cucumber extract with 5% concentration gave significantly different result with the giving of extract sea ​​cucumbers with concentrations of 10% and 15%. This shows the provision of sea cucumber extract with a concentration of 5% can give microscopic changes in the small intestine of mice due to exposure to potassium bromate. Conclusion: Sand cucumber extract (Holothuria scabra) with 5% concentration can give a change of histology picture of small intestine of mice (Mus muculus).

scholarly journals The Survey of Sea Cucumber Fisheries on Qeshm Island Coasts (Persian Gulf)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Afkhami ◽  
Maryam Ehsanpour ◽  
Amin Mokhleci ◽  
Kazem Darvish Bastami
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The Body ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT Sea cucumbers are aquatic animals of wide variety, useful for human health. Sea cucumbers are among the aquatic creatures that have many important and useful properties known for human health. Increasing demand for beche-de-mer, along with steady price increases, has led to worldwide intensification of sea cucumber harvesting. The rearing of sea cucumbers with shrimps controls environmental pollution that results from over- enrichment in nutrients, built up on the pond bottom. These animals eat detritus and, together with devouring organic materials on the surface, not only do they clean the environment, but also they cause the fast growth of shrimps and themselves. Holothuria scabra is the main species for production of beche-de-mer and is exploited especially in the tropical regions of the world. The wall of the body used in the process of beche-de-mer production forms 56% of the whole body. Holothuria scabra (sandfish) is an aspidochirote holothurian widely distributed in coastal regions throughout the Indo-Pacific region. H. scabra is often found on inner reef flats and near estuaries, half-buried in silty sand during the day and emerging at night to feed. In this study, based on information from local fishermen on Qeshm Island, we provide some data about the fishing methods, processing and distribution on the Qeshm Island coastline. Comparative study of fishing status with another part of the world determined that the status of sea cucumber stocks in Qeshm Island is sustainable. For prevention of overexploitation of the sandy sea cucumber, prohibition on capturing should continue. In this study, seven exploited sites are recognized, the target size for fishermen was more than 20 cm and sandy cucumber was the target species in Qeshm Island. In this area, the fishing operation was only carried out by scuba diving and was done only by men; although in another countries women have an important role in sea cucumber fishing activities. Among the coasts around Qeshm Island, it is found at Hmoon, Tolla, Kovei, Ramchah, Messen and Hengam. A maximum length of 35 cm and maximum weight of 1,080 g was recorded.

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