scholarly journals Lead Contamination In Soil Of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wawan Budianta
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
Contour Pattern ◽  
North Part ◽  
Sequential Extraction Analysis ◽  
Yogyakarta City

This paper investigates on Pb concentrations and mobility in soil of overall Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The objectives of this study include to investigate Pb concentrations in the surface soil throughout Yogyakarta and to study their possible sources and potential environmental impacts. The soil samples from 168 locations in Yogyakarta was obtained, representing different land use and traffic conditions. Spatial analysis and sequential extraction analysis were performed. Generally, contour pattern of Pb value clearly shows that high value is concentrated in the middle and few north part of the study area, confirmed by traffic condition in the study area. In general, the results of sequential extraction analysis shows that Pb was predominantly associated with exchangeable fraction. The presence of lead in the exchangeable fractions may pose a serious environmental concern since they are highly soluble and potentially bio-available in the soil of study area. Keywords: Soil, lead contamination, GIS, sequential extraction.

scholarly journals Geochemical Fraction, Mobility And Bioavailability Of Lead In Unsaturated Soil Of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saw Aung Zaw Aye ◽  
Heru Hendrayana ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽  
Tsutomo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Risk Condition ◽  
Sequential Extraction Procedures ◽  
Lead Release ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Lead (Pb) is one of common heavy metals found inthe soil of urban environment. In Yogyakarta City,Indonesia, lead content in the soil was already reported by some researchers, however all of the report were only reveals the distribution of lead concentration in the soil. Therefore, this research paper aims to understand the geochemical fraction leadin the soil of Yogyakarta City and assess the mobility and bioavailability of lead release to the environment. The soil sampling location is selected on Kotagede District, representing the oldest urban area of Yogyakarta city. A shallow bore hole was drill until about 7 m below the surface and soil/sediments weresampled for each 1 m depth started from the surface. Six steps of sequential extraction procedures were carried out to assess the geochemical fraction of Pb for each of soil samples. The sequential extraction shows that the highest amount of Pb in thesoil of Yogyakarta City is found in amorphous ironoxide, crystalline iron oxide and non residual fraction form of Pb. Based on the results of geochemical fraction, the mobility factor of lead can be calculated and reveals low mobility factor range from 0.4 to 3.3%. The mobility of lead is decreased from the surface to the deeper soil, on the other hand the bioavailability of Pb calculated from exchangeable and carbonate fraction is also show low risk of bioavailability. Therefore, it can be concluded that although Pb concentration is high in non-residual fraction, Pb isin low risk condition due to its poor mobility and bioavailability. But, concern on lead contamination should be considered because if the concentration of Pb is enriched over the adsorption capacity of ironoxide, it can easily release to the environment and can impact to human in the future.Keywords: Yogyakarta city, Lead, Sequential extraction, Geochemical fraction

scholarly journals Assessing the spatial distribution of urban soil lead contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Andria Tri Sekarningsih ◽  
Wawan Budianta ◽  
I Wayan Warmada ◽  
Hirofumi Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pb Concentration ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Yogyakarta is currently a developing city in Indonesia, and urbanization is a very relevant issue. One of the impact of urbanization was soil pollution which becomes an important and interesting environmental concern. This research aimed investigate lead (Pb) pollution level distribution using spatial analysis on lead (Pb) distribution in the soil at Yogyakarta city and its surroundings. The determination of the soil sampling location point was carried out using the gridding method, and the soil sampling was obtained at a depth of 10 cm. The concentration of lead (Pb) in the soil samples was measured using ICP-AES. The spatial analysis was carried out by making a level of distribution map of the lead (Pb) and then overlaying it with the data of residential, traffic, and industrial densities. These research results indicated that anthropogenic factors influenced the lead (Pb) concentration in the soil’s soil more than natural factors. The anthropogenic factors of settlement and traffic densities were thought to contribute most to the lead concentration in the soil at the research site. The industrial presence factor was less likely to contribute to the high Pb concentration in the soil at the study area.

Environmental Availability of Potentially Toxic Elements in an Agricultural Mediterranean Site

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Alexakis ◽  
Dimitra Gamvroula ◽  
Eleni Theofili
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Geochemical Partitioning ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction ◽  
High Bioavailability

ABSTRACT Total contents of 36 potentially toxic elements are summarized for agricultural topsoil (n = 12; soil depth = 0–20 cm), subsoil (n = 12; soil depth = 20–40 cm), and representative rock samples collected from a Mediterranean site (Megara Plain, Greece). The five-stage sequential extraction procedure for the geochemical partitioning of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), proposed by Tessier, was applied to topsoil and subsoil collected from the study area. Soil Cd was highly associated with exchangeable fraction, illustrating high bioavailability of this element. The order of mobility of the elements was as follows: Cd > Cu > Co > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn. Results from sequential extraction experiments illustrated that the bioavailability of Cu, Co, and Zn is moderate, while Ni, Cr, and Mn presented low bioavailability, indicating that these elements could pose a limited threat to the quality of crops. Cadmium is the chief contamination controlling factor posing moderate potential ecological risk. The contamination sources of the examined elements are discussed.

scholarly journals Sistem Pengamatan Kondisi Lalu Lintas Berbasis Data GPS pada Smartphone (Studi Kasus : Kota Denpasar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Gede Herdian Setiawan ◽  
I Ketut Dedy Suryawan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Observation Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Real Time Traffic

<p>Pertumbuhan jumlah kendaraan yang semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya mengakibatkan volume kendaraan yang melintasi ruas jalan semakin padat yang kerap mengakibatkan kemacetan lalu lintas. Kemacetan lalu lintas dapat menjadi beban biaya yang signifikan terhadap kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat. Informasi lalu lintas yang dinamis seperti informasi kondisi lalu lintas secara langsung <em>(real time)</em> akan membantu mempengaruhi aktivitas masyarakat pengguna lalu lintas untuk melakukan perencanaan dan penjadwalan aktivitas yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini mengusulkan model pengamatan kondisi lalu lintas berbasis data GPS pada <em>smartphone</em>, untuk informasi kondisi lalu lintas secara langsung. GPS <em>Receiver</em> pada <em>smartphone</em> menghasilkan data lokasi secara instan dan bersifat mobile sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan data kecepatan kendaraan secara langsung. Kecepatan kendaraan diperoleh berdasarkan jarak perpindahan koordinat kendaraan dalam satuan detik selanjutnya di konversi menjadi satuan kecepatan (km/jam) kemudian data kecepatan kendaraan di proses menjadi informasi kondisi lalu lintas. Secara menyeluruh model pengamatan berfokus pada tiga tahapan, yaitu akuisisi data kecepatan kendaraan berbasis GPS pada <em>smartphone</em>, pengiriman data kecepatan dan visualisasi kondisi lalu lintas berbasis GIS. Pengujian dilakukan pada ruas jalan kota Denpasar telah mampu mendapatkan data kecepatan kendaraan dan mampu menunjukkan kondisi lalu lintas secara langsung dengan empat kategori keadaan lalu lintas yaitu garis berwarna hitam menunjukkan lalu lintas macet dengan kecepatan kendaraan kurang dari 17 km/jam, merah menunjukkan padat dengan kecepatan kendaraan 17 km/jam sampai 27 km/jam, kuning menunjukkan sedang dengan kecepatan kendaraan 26 km/jam sampai 40 km/jam dan hijau menunjukkan lancar dengan kecepatan kendaraan diatas 40 km/jam.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract"><em>The growth in the number of vehicles that is increasing every year has resulted in the volume of vehicles crossing the road increasingly congested which often results in traffic congestion. Traffic congestion can be a significant cost burden on economic activities. Dynamic traffic information such as information on real time traffic conditions will help influence the activities of the traffic user community to better plan and schedule activities. This study proposes a traffic condition observation model based on GPS data on smartphones, for information on real time traffic conditions. The GPS Receiver on the smartphone produces location and coordinate data instantly and is mobile so that it can be used for direct vehicle speed data retrieval. Vehicle speed is obtained based on the displacement distance of the vehicle's coordinates in units of seconds and then converted into units of speed (km / h), the vehicle speed data is then processed into information on traffic conditions. Overall, the observation model focuses on three stages, namely GPS-based vehicle speed data acquisition on smartphones, speed data delivery and visualization of GIS-based traffic conditions. Tests carried out on the Denpasar city road segment have been able to obtain vehicle speed data and are able to show traffic conditions directly with four categories of traffic conditions, namely black lines indicating traffic jammed with vehicle speeds of less than 17 km / h, red indicates heavy with speed vehicles 17 to 27 km / h, yellow indicates medium speed with vehicles 26 km/h to 40 km / h and green shows fluent with vehicle speeds above 40 km / h.</em></p><p><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Evaluating Impacts of Overloaded Heavy Vehicles on Freeway Traffic Condition by a Novel Multi-Class Traffic Flow Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Wang ◽  
Po Zhao ◽  
Yanyun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Flow Model ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Overloaded heavy vehicles (HVs) have significant negative impacts on traffic conditions due to their inferior driving performance. Highway authorities need to understand the impact of overloaded HVs to assess traffic conditions and set management strategies. We propose a multi-class traffic flow model based on Smulders fundamental diagram to analyze the influence of overloaded HVs on traffic conditions. The relationship between the overloading ratio and maximum speed is established by freeway toll collection data for different types of HVs. Dynamic passenger car equivalent factors are introduced to represent the various impacts of overloaded HVs in different traffic flow patterns. The model is solved analytically and discussed in detail in the appendices. The model validation results show that the proposed model can represent traffic conditions more accurately with consideration for overloaded HVs. The scenario tests indicate that the increase of overloaded HVs leads to both a higher congestion level and longer duration.

Empirical Analysis on Time to Collision at Urban Expressway

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xu ◽  
Zhao Wei Qu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Urban Expressway ◽  
Traffic Conflicts

Traffic safety is of great significance, especially at urban expressway where traffic volume is large and traffic conflicts are highlighted. But little research up to date has discussed in detail how these factors impact the TTC characteristics. In this paper, field Beijing expressway data were collected by video with different locations, lanes, traffic conditions and following vehicle types. Accordingly, some basic descriptive statistics of total TTC samples were shown and analyzed. We then used T-test to analyze the effect of road environments, traffic conditions, and vehicle types on TTC statistically. The results implied three main findings. Firstly, TTC was found to change according to road environments (i.e. TTC on weaving segment is smaller than other locations), secondly, some evidence supported this hypothesis that traffic conditions (especially uncongested traffic condition) affect TTC significantly, and lastly, little correlation was found between TTC means and vehicle types.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry and lead contamination of groundwater in the north part of Esfahan province, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Pazand ◽  
Davoud Khosravi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ghaderi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rezvanianzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The North ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
North Part ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Geochemical and hydrogeochemical studies were conducted to assess the origin and geochemical mechanisms driving lead enrichment in groundwaters of semi-arid regions in Central Iran. In this study, 149 water samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentrations of Pb and As in about 68% and 27% of the samples, respectively, exceeded WHO guidelines. Analyzing the results of ICP-MS of parental rocks and aquifer sediments shows that unweathered volcanic rocks were the primary source for lead mobilizing to groundwaters.

Traffic Condition-Based Gain Scheduling of Electric Assist Control Strategy for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Poursamad
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gain Scheduling ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

This paper presents gain scheduling of control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles based on the traffic condition. Electric assist control strategy (EACS) is employed with different parameters for different traffic conditions. The parameters of the EACS are optimized and scheduled for different traffic conditions of TEH-CAR driving cycle. TEH-CAR is a driving cycle which is developed based on the experimental data collected from the real traffic condition in the city of Tehran. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the fuel consumption and emissions over the driving cycle, while enhancing or maintaining the driving performance characteristics of the vehicle. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to solve the optimization problem and the constraints are handled by using penalty functions. The results from the computer simulation show the effectiveness of the approach and reduction in fuel consumption and emissions, while ensuring that the vehicle performance is not sacrificed.

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