scholarly journals Antidiabetes of Combination of Fractionated-extracts of Andrographispaniculata and Centellaasiatica in Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-322
Author(s):  
Reni Ariesta ◽  
La Ode Muhammad Fitrawan ◽  
Agung Endro Nugroho ◽  
Suwidjiyo Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Antioxidative Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pancreatic Insulin ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Old Rats

Many medicinal plants are widely grown in South- and Southeast Asia countries. Some of them are traditionally used for treatment of diabetes mellitus such as Andrographispaniculata and Centellaasiatica. In the study, we provided fractionated-extracts of A. paniculata and C. asiatica to increase the concentration of their active compounds and eliminate unexpected substances. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetes effect of the combination of their fractionated-extracts in male neonatal streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the study, diabetes was injected intraperitoneally 90mg.kg-1 BWSTZ  to two day-old rats. At the age of three months, the rats were administered with the combination of both fractionated-extracts for 14 consecutive days. We evaluated antidiabetes with parameters of blood glucose levels, morphology of pancreatic islet, β-cell density as well as immunohistochemical pancreatic insulin. The levels of MDA, SOD and GPx were also determined about oxidative stress change after treatment with the combination. In the study, the combination succeeded to lower the blood glucose level in neonatal STZ-induced diabetic rats. Inline with fact, improvement of rat pancreatic islets and β cells density, as well as moderate restoration of pancreatic insulin, were observed after treatment with the combination. The substance could decrease the level of MDA, and increase the levels of SOD and GPx. In conclusion, the combination of fractionated-extracts of A. paniculata and C. asiatica exhibited potential antidiabetic effect to its antioxidative effect in male neonatal STZ-induced diabetes rats.

scholarly journals Development and Characteristics of Pancreatic Epsilon Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoaki Sakata ◽  
Gumpei Yoshimatsu ◽  
Shohta Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Ghrelin Gene ◽  
Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Pancreatic endocrine cells expressing the ghrelin gene and producing the ghrelin hormone were first identified in 2002. These cells, named ε cells, were recognized as the fifth type of endocrine cells. Differentiation of ε cells is induced by various transcription factors, including Nk2 homeobox 2, paired box proteins Pax-4 and Pax6, and the aristaless-related homeobox. Ghrelin is generally considered to be a “hunger hormone” that stimulates the appetite and is produced mainly by the stomach. Although the population of ε cells is small in adults, they play important roles in regulating other endocrine cells, especially β cells, by releasing ghrelin. However, the roles of ghrelin in β cells are complex. Ghrelin contributes to increased blood glucose levels by suppressing insulin release from β cells and is also involved in the growth and proliferation of β cells and the prevention of β cell apoptosis. Despite increasing evidence and clarification of the mechanisms of ε cells over the last 20 years, many questions remain to be answered. In this review, we present the current evidence for the participation of ε cells in differentiation and clarify their characteristics by focusing on the roles of ghrelin.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid-Rich Moringa oleifera Lam. Extract Inhibits Hepatorenal Toxicity and Enhances the Endogenous Antioxidant Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Type II Diabetes

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Ankit Sahoo ◽  
Prakash Khadka ◽  
Deeksha Chauhan ◽  
Azizah Salim Bawadood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Background. The cases of diabetes increase day by day due to unhealthy lifestyle, food habit, and less food intake. Novel drugs for the treatment of diabetes are urgently needed. Most researchers are looking for alternative drugs (plant-based drugs) for the treatment of diabetes. Objective. The current experiment was designed to examine the hepatic and renal beneficial effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) extract in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods. Antidiabetic potential of the MO extract was estimated in terms of blood glucose levels, plasma insulin, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate. Antihyperlipidemic effects of MO extract were evaluated through the estimation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very LDL (VLDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level whereas the antioxidant effects were evaluated through estimation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in diabetic rats. Results. Dose-dependent treatment using MO extract significantly increased the body weight, hexokinase, plasma insulin, HDL, SOD, CAT, and GPx levels (P < 0.001) and significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, TC, TGs, LDL, VLDL, MDA, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and glycated hemoglobin in STZ-induced diabetic rats (P < 0.001). Conclusion. MO can be used as a therapeutic agent in the management of elevated blood glucose levels through the alterations in the blood glucose level, plasma level of insulin, and various biochemical parameters.

Glucose regulation of insulin gene expression in pancreatic β-cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 415 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreenath S. Andrali ◽  
Megan L. Sampley ◽  
Nathan L. Vanderford ◽  
Sabire Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Gene ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Gene Expression

Production and secretion of insulin from the β-cells of the pancreas is very crucial in maintaining normoglycaemia. This is achieved by tight regulation of insulin synthesis and exocytosis from the β-cells in response to changes in blood glucose levels. The synthesis of insulin is regulated by blood glucose levels at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Although many transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of insulin gene transcription, three β-cell-specific transcriptional regulators, Pdx-1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1), NeuroD1 (neurogenic differentiation 1) and MafA (V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A), have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in glucose induction of insulin gene transcription and pancreatic β-cell function. These three transcription factors activate insulin gene expression in a co-ordinated and synergistic manner in response to increasing glucose levels. It has been shown that changes in glucose concentrations modulate the function of these β-cell transcription factors at multiple levels. These include changes in expression levels, subcellular localization, DNA-binding activity, transactivation capability and interaction with other proteins. Furthermore, all three transcription factors are able to induce insulin gene expression when expressed in non-β-cells, including liver and intestinal cells. The present review summarizes the recent findings on how glucose modulates the function of the β-cell transcription factors Pdx-1, NeuroD1 and MafA, and thereby tightly regulates insulin synthesis in accordance with blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals β-Cell Induction In Vivo in Severely Diabetic Male Mice by Changing the Circulating Levels and Pattern of the Ratios of Estradiol to Androgens

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 3829-3842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Inada ◽  
Oogi Inada ◽  
Nobuharu L. Fujii ◽  
Kei Fujishima ◽  
Tetsuichiro Inai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Cell Induction ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Previously we have generated transgenic (Tg) mice developing severe diabetes early in life with a profound depletion of β-cells with β-cell-directed expression of inducible cAMP early repressor-Iγ. Only male mice continue to demonstrate hyperglycemia throughout life. To investigate this sexual dimorphism, we treated severely diabetic male Tg mice with orchiectomy (ORX) or 17β-estradiol (E2) pellet implantation alone or in combination with ORX and E2-implantation to change the circulating levels and patterns of the ratio of estradiol to androgens. In the Tg-ORX group, the blood-glucose levels decreased to a certain level within several weeks but never reached the female Tg-control level. In contrast, the Tg-ORX+E2 or Tg-E2 group showed a more rapid drop in blood glucose to the basal level with a substantial increase in β-cells, thus preventing the occurrence of severe diabetes in the male mice. The β-cells, not only within islet but also in and adjacent to ducts and scattered β-cell clusters, were strongly induced by 1 week after treatment, and the islet morphology dramatically changed. Enhanced β-cell induction in the ducts occurred concomitantly with markedly increased levels of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 and related transcription factors. The glucose-lowering and β-cell-increasing effects were independent of the age at which the treatment is started. These data provide evidence that the circulating level of E2 and the ratio of E2 to T greatly affect the blood glucose levels, the β-cell induction, and the islet morphology in diabetic male Tg mice. This novel mechanism offers great potential for developing strategies to increase the number of β-cells in vivo.

Ameliorative potential of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig bark against pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo ◽  
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye ◽  
Adebola Busola Ojo ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye ◽  
Oluwatosin Debbie Imiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

AbstractBackgroundIn West Africa, the fruit, seed, leaf and stem ofMethodsDiabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (65 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days, and orally administered with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight), 50–150 mg/kg body weight ofResultsThe blood glucose levels of rats induced with alloxan were significantly and gradually reduced (p<0.05) inConclusionsThese findings indicate that

Evaluation of Glucose and Lipid Lowering Activity of Arganimide A in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eddouks ◽  
Farid Khallouki ◽  
Robert W. Owen ◽  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Remy Burcelin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Lowering Activity

Aims: Arganimide A (4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-imino-di-benzoic acid) is a compound belonging to a family of aminophenolics found in fruit of Argania spinosa. The purpose of this study was to investigate the glucose and lipid lowering activity of Arganimide A (ARG A). Methods: The effect of a single dose and daily oral administration of Arganimide A (ARG A) on blood glucose levels and plasma lipid profile was tested in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Results: Single oral administration of ARG A reduced blood glucose levels from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 14.27±0.73 mmol/L (p<0.0001) six hours after administration in STZ diabetic rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels were decreased from 5.35±0.30 mmol/L to 3.57±0.17 mmol/L (p<0.0001) and from 26.50±0.61 mmol/L to 3.67±0.29 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in normal and STZ diabetic rats, respectively, after seven days of treatment. Moreover, no significant changes in body weight in normal and STZ rats were shown. According to the lipid profile, the plasma triglycerides levels were decreased significantly in diabetic rats after seven days of ARG treatment (p<0.05). Moreover, seven days of ARG A treatment decreased significantly the plasma cholesterol concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusion: ARG A possesses glucose and lipid-lowering activity in diabetic rats and this natural compound may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.

Mentha pulegium Aqueous Extract Exhibits Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Effects in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-301
Author(s):  
Omar Farid ◽  
Naoufel Ali Zeggwagh ◽  
Fadwa EL Ouadi ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Liver And Pancreas

Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aerial parts aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The glucose tolerance was evaluated in normal rats. Moreover, the histological sections and morphometric analysis at the liver and pancreas have been carried out in this investigation both in normal and STZ-diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels was investigated in normal and diabetic rats (n=6). Histopathological changes in liver and pancreas were examined under phase contrast microscope and a preliminary screening for various bioactive constituents was realized according to standard methods. Key Findings: Both single and repeated oral administration of A.P.A.E (20 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats (p<0.0001). The morphometric analysis and histological sections realized in pancreas and liver have showed the beneficial effect of the A.P.A.E in cellular population. According to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the aqueous extract has revealed an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rat. Furthermore, the preliminary phytochemical screening of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium has demonstrated the presence of various metabolite compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids tannins, cyanidins, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides. Conclusion: We conclude that the A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) exhibits a potent antihyperglycemic activity in STZ diabetic rats.

Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Corrigiola telephiifolia in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr, is a perennial species, woody distributed throughout the north of Africa. This plant is used in traditional Mediterranean preparations and has many traditional uses especially treatment of diabetes. Aim/Methods: The current research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Aerial Parts of Aqueous Extract (APAE) of Corrigiola telephiifolia (C. telephiifolia) on both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated at a dose of 5 mg/kg for fifteen days. Additionally, the histopathological changes in the liver, morphometric analysis, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in normal rats and preliminary phytochemical screening for various components were realized. Results: Single oral administration of the APAE of C. telephiifolia (5mg/kg) showed no significant change in glycaemia of normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In contrast, repeated oral administration of C. telephiifolia reduced blood glucose levels from 4.11 ± 0.10 mmol/L to 3.16 ± 0.16 mmol/L (p<0.01) 15 days after administration in normal rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels decreased from 17.84 ± 1.75mmol/L to 1.93 ± 0.33 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in STZ diabetic rats after fifteen days of treatment. According to the oral glucose tolerance test, C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) was shown to prevent significantly the increase in blood glucose levels in normal treated rats 30 min after glucose administration when compared to the control group. Also, the liver architecture of diabetic rats treated by C. telephiifolia was improved when compared with the liver architecture of untreated diabetic rats. Concerning the preliminary phytochemical screening of C. telephiifolia, several compounds have been found such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage and terpenoids. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous extract of C. telephiifolia possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity.

High Blood Glucose Levels Affect Auditory Brainstem Responses after Acoustic Overexposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Hee Ji ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Chi-Kyou Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Brainstem Response

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and several pathological changes. DM-related hearing dysfunctions are associated with histological changes. Here, we explore hearing function and synaptic changes in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods: STZ was injected to trigger diabetes. Rats with DM were exposed to narrow-band noise (105 dB SPL) for 2 h, and hearing function was analyzed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days later. Both the hearing threshold and the peak 1 amplitude of the tone auditory brainstem response were assessed. After the last functional test, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Results: We found no changes in the baseline hearing threshold; however, the peak 1 amplitude at the low frequency (4 kHz) was significantly higher in both DM groups than in the control groups. The hearing threshold had not fully recovered at 14 days after diabetic rats were exposed to noise. The peak 1 amplitude at the higher frequencies (16 and 32 kHz) was significantly larger in both DM groups than in the control groups. The histological analysis revealed that the long-term DM group had significantly more synapses in the 16 kHz region than the other groups. Conclusions: We found that high blood glucose levels increased peak 1 amplitudes without changing the hearing threshold. Diabetic rats were less resilient in threshold changes and were less vulnerable to peak 1 amplitude and synaptic damage than control animals.

scholarly journals ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATA – ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY IN DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED DIABETIC RAT MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ganga Rajum ◽  
Hema Sundar Reddy T ◽  
Hema Sundar Reddy T
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Aristolochia Bracteolata

  Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of methanolic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata (MEAB) against dexamethasone-induced diabetic rat model.Methods: Methanolic extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction and was evaluated for antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity using dexamethasone-induced model. The MEAB was administered orally at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide was used as standard drug. On 0th and 11th day, blood was collected by retro-orbit plexus.Results: In this model blood glucose levels were determined on 0th and 11th days and MEAB significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The effect of MEAB on serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also measured on the 11th day in the diabetic rats. Significant reduction in TC, TGs, LDL, and VLDL levels and improvement in HDL level were observed in diabetic rats.Conclusion: From the results, it was found that the MEAB possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities.

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