scholarly journals Risk factors of low peak bone mass in Indonesian women

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ray Sugianto ◽  
Johana Titus ◽  
Minarma Siagian
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peripheral Bone Densitometry

Background: Osteoporosis occurred in 64% of Indonesian women aged 60-64 years. The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced by achieving optimal peak bone mass in ages 25-32 years. However, 33.4% women had low peak bone mass (LPBM).Objective: We aimed to develop a tool to identify women at risk of developing LPBM in order to ameliorate this situation. Some risk/protective factors were explored in a case-control study.Method: We recruited 25 cases, those with LPBM (T-score <1) according to peripheral bone densitometry and 25 controls from Cengkareng District, West Jakarta. They were assessed using questionnaires to explore their historical intake of calcium, tea/coffee, and weight-bearing activity. We also measured BMI and body composition. Parameters among case and control groups were analyzed using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney, and odds ratio in relation to peak bone mass was also computed.Results: Between cases and controls, there were no differences observed in BMI, body composition, weight-bearing activity, and historical tea/coffee consumption. Calcium intake from sources other than milk and its derivatives were also found not to differ. Historical calcium index (HCI), measuring weekly calcium intake since childhood, was found lower in cases (median=160 vs 965; p=0.001). HCI cut-off analysis found that the values of 300 and 1000 yielded good specificity (80%) and sensitivity (92%) for LPBM. OR analysis identified those with HCI <1000 (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 2.05−54.95) as at moderate risk of developing LPBM, and HCI ≤ 300 as at higher risk.Conclusion: We concluded that, as low HCI was the risk factor for developing LPBM, calculation of HCI should be done to earlier identify women at risk, thus prompting earlier nutrition and lifestyle intervention to prevent the occurrence of LPBM and future osteoporosis.

Weight-bearing activity during youth is a more important factor for peak bone mass than calcium intake

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Welten ◽  
H. C. G. Kemper ◽  
G.B. Post ◽  
W. van Mechelen ◽  
J. Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing

scholarly journals Human Milk output among mothers previously treated for severe acute malnutrition in childhood in Democratic Republic of Congo

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chimanuka Murhima’Alika ◽  
Ghislain Maheshe Balemba ◽  
Pacifique Mwene-Batu Lyabayungu ◽  
Guy Mulinganya Mulume’oderhwa ◽  
Grace Munthali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Malnutrition is a public health problem, as wasting affects 7.5% of children worldwide. The harmful effects of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) can last a lifetime, but how SAM in childhood affects later breastfeeding ability is not clear. In the present study, we assessed the human milk output and body composition among mothers with a history of childhood SAM. Methods This retrospective cohort study was carried out in Miti-Murhesa Health Zone (Democratic Republic of Congo) from January 15 to March 17, 2020. We selected lactating mothers with breastfed infants aged 2–12 months. Two categories of mothers were included: those who had been treated for SAM during their childhood (years 1988–2003; n = 39) and a community control with no history of SAM (n = 40). The weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated as weight/height2. Body composition and human milk output were assessed using standard deuterium dilution methods. Student t and chi2 tests ware applied to compare two groups. Results The mean age ± standard deviation of the mothers was 24.4 ± 5.1 and 26.0 ± 6.1 years for the SAM and control groups, respectively (p = 0.186). The age of their infants was 5.4 ± 2.3 months in both groups (p = 0.962). In the SAM and control groups, the mean maternal BMI was 23.8 ± 2.3 and 23.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2 (p = 0.849), mean Fat Mass 27.1% ± 5.0 and 27.1% ± 5.8% (p = 0.708), and the mean Fat Free mass 72.9% ± 5.0 and 72.9% ± 5.8% (p = 0.998), respectively. Human milk output was 833.7 ± 152.1 g/d in SAM group and 827.4 ± 171.4 g/d in the control group (p = 0.864). Conclusions We found no significant difference in human milk output and body composition in mothers treated for SAM during childhood compared to community controls.

Calcium Intake and Peak Bone Mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 327 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velimir Matkovic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass

Body Composition and Its Relationship to Growth and Bone Mass in Patients with Thalassemia

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 3890-3890
Author(s):  
Ellen Fung ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Janet Kwiatkowski ◽  
Sylvia Titi Singer ◽  
Ashutosh Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Abstract Optimal nutritional status is imperative for achieving the genetic potential for growth and development in children as well as for robust immune function and bone health in adults. Patients with thalassemia (Thal) are known to have abnormal growth, altered development and immune function and deficits in bone mass. For children, weight and height is commonly used to assess overall nutritional status, whereas for adults, body composition is a gross marker of an individual’s overall nutritional health. Nutritional status and body composition has not been explored in patients with Thal. To examine this, we have assessed body composition (fat, lean) and bone density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic Delphi A) in 370 subjects enrolled in a cross-sectional study of the Thal Clinical Research Network (TCRN), a North American collaborative research group. In addition to DXA, weight and height were measured, medical history obtained and a brief calcium food frequency and physical activity questionnaire completed. The total sample was divided into 2 groups: (TxThal) 257 transfused thalassemia major and E-beta thal patients (23.7 ± 11 yr, 131 male), and (NTxThal) 113 never or minimally transfused patients with other thalassemia syndromes (21.3 ± 13 yr, 50 male). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (kg/m2) and cutoffs determined for children (<17=underweight, ≥30 obese) and adults (<18.5=underweight, ≥30 obese). As expected there was a high correlation between BMI and fat and lean mass by DXA (r=0.7 to 0.86, p<0.001). 6.2% of adults and 39.3% of children were classified as underweight by BMI and nearly 1/3 of children with Thal had abnormally low percentage body fat; while only 3.4% of adults and 2.2% of children were considered obese. Compared to median data from NHANES, adult patients with Thal are much leaner (BMI: 22.8±0.4) compared to contemporary adult Americans (28.1±0.2, p<0.0001). TxThal had more total body fat mass (14.3 vs 11.4 g, p<0.0001) and percentage body fat (27.3% vs. 24.9% p=0.007) compared to NTxThal. As has been observed in epidemiological studies of healthy subjects, calcium intake was inversely related to fat mass (p=0.009) as well as lean mass (p=0.007) after controlling for the effects of age, gender and diagnosis. Current physical activity level was a strong predictor of reduced body fat (p=0.007), whereas hemoglobin level was positively related to lean mass (p=0.001). Moreover, body fat was a positive predictor for height Z-score (p<0.0001). Low bone mass (BMD Z-Score <−2.0) was found in 50% of subjects, and BMD Z-score was moderately correlated with height Z-score (p<0.0001) and weight Z-score (p<0.0001). Though the majority of patients with Thal were classified as having a healthy body composition with very few obese patients, nearly 40% of the children in this sample were underweight. NTxThal appear at particular risk for underweight. These results suggest that an adequate amount of body fat is necessary for optimal growth and bone health in patients with Thal, and that calcium intake is associated with optimal body composition. These preliminary findings support the need for more careful study of nutritional status and its relationship to overall health in patients with thalassemia.

scholarly journals The growing years and prevention of osteoporosis in later life

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis

Ca is the major mineral in bone, and 99 % of the Ca in the body resides in the skeleton. Skeletal mass is a determinant of risk of fracture in childhood as well as adulthood. Over 40 % of adult peak bone mass is acquired during adolescence. This period is when lifestyle choices, including ensuring adequate dietary Ca, regular weight-bearing exercise and avoiding hormonal insufficiency, are especially important. Current Ca intakes for adolescent females are woefully inadequate.

Nutrition, Exercise, and Bone Status in Youth

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Heather A. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
The Impact

The maximal amount of bone mass gained during growth (peak bone mass) is an important determinant of bone mass in later life and thereby an important determinant of fraeiure risk. Although genetic factors appear lo be primary determinants of peak bone mass, environmental factors such as physical activity and nutrition also contribute. In this article, bone growth and maintenance are reviewed, and mechanisms are described whereby physical activity can affect bone mass. Studies addressing the effects of physical activity on bone status in youth are reviewed: Although conclusive data are not yet available, considerable evidence supports the importance of activity, especially activity initiated before puberty. The critical role of energy in bone growth is outlined, and studies assessing the impact of calcium intake during childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Although results of intervention trials are equivocal, other evidence supports a role for calcium intake during growth. Recommendations for physical activity and nutrition, directed lochildren and adolescents, are presented.

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