Letter to the Editor: Weight-bearing activity during youth is a more important factor for peak bone mass than calcium intake

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Letter To The Editor

scholarly journals Risk factors of low peak bone mass in Indonesian women

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ray Sugianto ◽  
Johana Titus ◽  
Minarma Siagian
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peripheral Bone Densitometry

Background: Osteoporosis occurred in 64% of Indonesian women aged 60-64 years. The risk of osteoporosis can be reduced by achieving optimal peak bone mass in ages 25-32 years. However, 33.4% women had low peak bone mass (LPBM).Objective: We aimed to develop a tool to identify women at risk of developing LPBM in order to ameliorate this situation. Some risk/protective factors were explored in a case-control study.Method: We recruited 25 cases, those with LPBM (T-score <1) according to peripheral bone densitometry and 25 controls from Cengkareng District, West Jakarta. They were assessed using questionnaires to explore their historical intake of calcium, tea/coffee, and weight-bearing activity. We also measured BMI and body composition. Parameters among case and control groups were analyzed using independent T-test or Mann-Whitney, and odds ratio in relation to peak bone mass was also computed.Results: Between cases and controls, there were no differences observed in BMI, body composition, weight-bearing activity, and historical tea/coffee consumption. Calcium intake from sources other than milk and its derivatives were also found not to differ. Historical calcium index (HCI), measuring weekly calcium intake since childhood, was found lower in cases (median=160 vs 965; p=0.001). HCI cut-off analysis found that the values of 300 and 1000 yielded good specificity (80%) and sensitivity (92%) for LPBM. OR analysis identified those with HCI <1000 (OR=0.61; 95% CI: 2.05−54.95) as at moderate risk of developing LPBM, and HCI ≤ 300 as at higher risk.Conclusion: We concluded that, as low HCI was the risk factor for developing LPBM, calculation of HCI should be done to earlier identify women at risk, thus prompting earlier nutrition and lifestyle intervention to prevent the occurrence of LPBM and future osteoporosis.

Weight-bearing activity during youth is a more important factor for peak bone mass than calcium intake

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Welten ◽  
H. C. G. Kemper ◽  
G.B. Post ◽  
W. van Mechelen ◽  
J. Twisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing

Calcium Intake and Peak Bone Mass

1992 ◽  
Vol 327 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velimir Matkovic
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass

scholarly journals The growing years and prevention of osteoporosis in later life

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Skeletal Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis

Ca is the major mineral in bone, and 99 % of the Ca in the body resides in the skeleton. Skeletal mass is a determinant of risk of fracture in childhood as well as adulthood. Over 40 % of adult peak bone mass is acquired during adolescence. This period is when lifestyle choices, including ensuring adequate dietary Ca, regular weight-bearing exercise and avoiding hormonal insufficiency, are especially important. Current Ca intakes for adolescent females are woefully inadequate.

Nutrition, Exercise, and Bone Status in Youth

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan I. Barr ◽  
Heather A. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
The Impact

The maximal amount of bone mass gained during growth (peak bone mass) is an important determinant of bone mass in later life and thereby an important determinant of fraeiure risk. Although genetic factors appear lo be primary determinants of peak bone mass, environmental factors such as physical activity and nutrition also contribute. In this article, bone growth and maintenance are reviewed, and mechanisms are described whereby physical activity can affect bone mass. Studies addressing the effects of physical activity on bone status in youth are reviewed: Although conclusive data are not yet available, considerable evidence supports the importance of activity, especially activity initiated before puberty. The critical role of energy in bone growth is outlined, and studies assessing the impact of calcium intake during childhood and adolescence are reviewed. Although results of intervention trials are equivocal, other evidence supports a role for calcium intake during growth. Recommendations for physical activity and nutrition, directed lochildren and adolescents, are presented.

Effect of dietary calcium on bone density in growing rabbits

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. E471-E476 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gilsanz ◽  
T. F. Roe ◽  
J. Antunes ◽  
M. Carlson ◽  
M. L. Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Vertebral Bone ◽  
Epiphyseal Closure ◽  
Renal Calcium Excretion

Reductions in peak bone mass at skeletal maturity may increase the risk for the subsequent development of osteoporosis. Although changes in calcium intake can modify the rate of decline in bone density in the mature skeleton, longitudinal assessments of the effect of dietary calcium supplementation during skeletal growth on peak bone mass have not been done in humans or experimental animals. Thus quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was used to monitor changes in vertebral bone density at 6-wk intervals during growth from 8 wk of age until skeletal maturity at 35 wk in male New Zealand White rabbits maintained on diets containing 0.15% (low Ca), 0.45% (normal Ca), or 1.35% (high Ca) calcium. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol levels increased, and renal calcium excretion decreased in low Ca compared with normal Ca; in contrast, serum calcitriol levels decreased and renal calcium excretion increased from control values in high Ca. Vertebral bone density by QCT did not differ during growth between high Ca and normal Ca, and peak values at epiphyseal closure also did not differ in these two groups. Vertebral bone density was lower, however, throughout the study in low Ca, and peak values at epiphyseal closure remained below those in either normal Ca or high Ca. Quantitative bone histology revealed decreases in cortical thickness in the third lumbar vertebra in low Ca, whereas trabecular bone area did not differ among groups; there was no histological evidence of osteomalacia in low Ca. Thus dietary calcium restriction during growth reduces peak bone mass at skeletal maturity, but raising dietary calcium intake above normal levels does not increase peak bone mass in this experimental model.

scholarly journals Calcium, physical activity and bone health – building bones for a stronger future

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1a) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Branca ◽  
Silvia Vatueña
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Bone Mass Measurements ◽  
Adequate Provision

AbstractAdequate provision of nutrients composing the bone matrix and regulating bone metabolism should be provided from birth in order to achieve maximal bone mass, compatible with individual genetic background, and to prevent osteoporosis later in life. Low calcium intake (<250 mg day−1) in children is associated with both a reduced bone mineral content and hyperparathyroidism. Optimal calcium intake is, however, still a matter of controversy. The minimisation of fracture risk would be the ideal functional outcome on which to evaluate lifetime calcium intakes, but proxy indicators, such as bone mass measurements or maximal calcium retention, are used instead. Calcium recommendations in Europe and the United States are based on different concepts as to requirements, leading to somewhat different interpretations of dietary adequacy. Minerals and trace elements other than calcium are involved in skeletal growth, some of them as matrix constituents, such as magnesium and fluoride, others as components of enzymatic systems involved in matrix turnover, such as zinc, copper and manganese. Vitamins also play a role in calcium metabolism (e.g. vitamin D) or as co-factors of key enzymes for skeletal metabolism (e.g. vitamins C and K). Physical activity has different effects on bone depending on its intensity, frequency, duration and the age at which it is started. The anabolic effect on bone is greater in adolescence and as a result of weight-bearing exercise. Adequate intakes of calcium appear necessary for exercise to have its bone stimulating action.

scholarly journals Exercise, smoking, and calcium intake during adolescence and early adulthood as determinants of peak bone mass

BMJ ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 309 (6949) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Valimaki ◽  
M Karkkainen ◽  
C Lamberg-Allardt ◽  
K Laitinen ◽  
E Alhava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Early Adulthood
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