scholarly journals Coating of Pd and Co on Mordenite for a Catalyst of Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into Biofuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Maya Tri Hapsari ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Iip Izul Falah ◽  
Media Laila Permata
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The catalytic activity of Co and Pd loaded on mordenite (MOR) was evaluated in the hydrotreatment of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) into biofuel. Metals were loaded into MOR as support via wet impregnation process. The Co content was varied as 2, 4, and 6 wt.% to produce Co(1)/MOR, Co(2)/MOR, Co(3)/MOR catalysts. The micro-mesoporous structure of the catalyst was confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement. AAS were used to analyze the amount of metal that is successfully loaded in the catalysts. Hydrotreating of the CNSL was conducted in a semi-batch reactor at 450 °C with hydrogen flow (20 mL/min) for 2 h. The liquid product was analyzed using GC-MS. The activity of Co/MOR was compared with the activity of Pd/MOR as a noble metal. The result of the hydrotreatment process showed a decrease of liquid product in the sequence of Co(3)/MOR > Co(2)/MOR > Pd/MOR > Co(1)/MOR > MOR. The Co(3)/MOR catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of liquid hydrocarbon than the others (61.8 wt.%), comprising predominantly by gasoline compounds with over 25.21 wt.% conversion.

Effect of cashew nut shell liquid on metabolic hydrogen flow on bovine rumen fermentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Mitsumori ◽  
Osamu Enishi ◽  
Takumi Shinkai ◽  
Koji Higuchi ◽  
Yosuke Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

scholarly journals Solvent-Free MgO-Functionalized Mesoporous Catalysts for Jatropha Oil Transesterification

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anamagreth Andrew ◽  
Jamidu Katima ◽  
Keat Teong Lee ◽  
James Epiphan Gabriel Mdoe
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A convenient solvent-free technique was employed in the functionalization of Micelle-Templated Silica using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (MTS-CNSL) as a template and magnesium nitrate as a precursor salt. Magnesium oxide species was highly dispersed in MTS-CNSL by manually grinding the precursor salt and the as-synthesized mesoporous silica followed by calcination. The resultant modified mesoporous silicas MgO/MTS-CNSL were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, N2adsorption/desorption), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX). MgO/MTS-CNSL (30) having small specific surface area of 16.7 m2/g and larger pore volume of 0.02 cm3/g, presented higher activity of 81.45% for jatropha oil under optimized conditions (200°C, 4 h, 36 : 1 methanol : oil ratio, 500 rpm, and 6% wt of catalyst). This method of catalyst development has an advantage of being highly energy- and time-efficient.

Particleboard from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubi C. Mary ◽  
Eby Thomas Thachil
Keyword(s):  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Rheological studies of SBS/EVA blends modified with bio-based cashew nut shell liquid

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432199040
Author(s):  
Isabela Pinto Ferreira ◽  
Alex da Silva Sirqueira ◽  
Taiane Andre dos Santos ◽  
Monica Feijo Naccache ◽  
Bluma Guenther Soares
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Creep Recovery ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell ◽  
S Model ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Research on bio-plasticizers is a topic of strategic interest in polymer blends. A bio-plasticizer, cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), was studied in blends of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBS). In the literature does not report the addition of plasticizers to SBS/EVA blend. Statistical analyses showed that there was a significant difference in mechanical properties (tension at break, hardness and elongation at break) vs. the unplasticized blend. The minimum CNSL concentration required for a statistical difference was 10 phr. The Carreau-Yasuda rheological model was used to obtain rheological parameters in these blends. The plasticizing influence of CNSL was confirmed by rheology. The effects of CNSL on creep and recovery were evaluated for the SBS/EBA blends. Burger´s model explained well SBS/EVA creep compliance. Moreover, its parameters (Newtonian dashpots and Hookean springs) were evaluated as a function of the CNSL concentrations. The bio-plasticizer concentration influenced significant correlations among the rheological creep-recovery tests, thus enabling a considerable increase in the elastic phase. Experimental creep-recovery data and curve fit were in good agreement.

Explorative Investigation on Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Biodiesel blended with Ethanol and Hydrogen in Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine and prediction through Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanigaivelan V ◽  
Lavanya R
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Emission from the DI diesel engine is series setback for environment viewpoint. Intended for that investigates for alternative biofuel is persuaded. The important hitches with the utilization of biofuels and their blends in DI diesel engines are higher emanations and inferior brake-thermal efficiency as associated to sole diesel fuel. In this effort, Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel, hydrogen and ethanol (BHE) mixtures remained verified in a direct-injection diesel engine with single cylinder to examine the performance and discharge features of the engine. The ethanol remained supplemented 5%, 10% and 15% correspondingly through enhanced CNSL as well as hydrogen functioned twin fuel engine. The experiments done in a direct injection diesel engine with single-cylinder at steadystate conditions above the persistent RPM (1500RPM). Throughout the experiment, emissions of pollutants such as fuel consumption rate (SFC), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and pressure of the fuel were also measured. cylinders. The experimental results show that, compared to diesel fuel, the braking heat of the biodiesel mixture is reduced by 26.79-24% and the BSFC diminutions with growing addition of ethanol from the CNSL hydrogen mixture. The BTE upsurges thru a rise in ethanol proportion with CNSL hydrogen mixtures. Finally, the optimum combination of ethanol with CNSL hydrogen blends led to the reduced levels of HC and CO emissions with trivial upsurge in exhaust gas temperature and NOx emissions. This paper reconnoiters the routine of artificial neural networks (ANN) to envisage recital, ignition and discharges effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document