scholarly journals SYNTHESIS of 3.4-METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYL-2-PROPANONE from SAFROLE

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Hanoch J Sohilait ◽  
Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo ◽  
Sabirin Matsjeh ◽  
J Stuart Grossert
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Pyridinium Chlorochromate ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The Synthesis of 3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone from safrole has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to secondary alcohol, followed by oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate(PCC).  The secondary alcohol has been achieved by two methods. The first method was formic acid adition reaction, followed by hydrolysis in aqueous ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide.  The second method was the oxymercuration-demercuration reaction of safrole. The addition reaction of safrole with formic acid yield safrylformate (34,70%). The hydrolysis of safrylformate with 3M KOH produced safrylalchohol (73,29%). The oxymercuration-demercuration reaction of safrole with Hg(OAc)2-NaBH4 gave (74,37%) of safrylalcohol.  The oxidation of safryalcohol with PCC gave 3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone as a main target in 71,83%. The structure elucidations of these products were analyzed by  FTIR , 1H-NMR,  13C-NMR and MS.   Keyword: 3.4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone;  safrole

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF ANALOG L--METIL-DOPA FROM EUGENOL

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanoch J Sohilait ◽  
Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo ◽  
Sabirin Matsjeh ◽  
J Stuart Grossert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Addition Reaction ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Main Target

Synthesis of analog L--metil-Dopa from eugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to ketone, followed by reaction with NH3 and KCN and by hydrolisis. The addition reaction of methyleugenol with formic acid yield methyleugenyl formate (60,69%). The hydrolis of methyileugenylformate with KOH in aqaueous-ethanolic solution produced methyleugenyl alcohol (73,68%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC yield methyleugenyl ketone (67,71%). The reaction of methyleugenyl ketone with NH3 and KCN yield D,L--amino--(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril (84,14%). The hydrolisis of D,L--amino--(3,4-dimetoxybenzyl) propionitril with concentrated hydrochloric acid gave Analog L--metil-Dopa as a main target (91,98%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS   Keywords: Analog L--metil-Dopa; eugenol.

THE ALKALOIDS OF LYCOPODIUM SPECIES: XI. NATURE OF THE OXYGEN ATOM IN LYCOPODINE; SOME REACTIONS OF THE BASE

1950 ◽  
Vol 28b (8) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. F. Manske ◽  
Léo Marion ◽  
David B. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Atom ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Cyanogen Bromide ◽  
Quaternary Salt ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Potassium Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
Neutral Compound ◽  
Neutral Product

Lycopodine gives rise to a hydrazone, is reduced to a secondary alcohol, and reacts with phenyl-lithium to form a tertiary carbinol; hence, the oxygen atom of the base is present in a keto group. The base reacts with cyanogen bromide to form two cyanobromolycopodines, α and β. α-Cyanobromolycopodine is converted by potassium acetate in alcohol to α-cyanoacetoxylycopodine, hydrolyzable to α-cyanohydroxylycopodine, which can be oxidized to an acid. The action of methanolic potassium hydroxide on α-cyanobromolycopodine gives rise to a nonoxidizable, nonreducible neutral compound, while a similar isomeric and equally inert substance is produced by the action of a boiling ethanolic solution of potassium acetate on β-cyanobromolycopodine. Both α- and β-cyanobromolycopodines are hydrogenated catalytically to two isomeric products C17H26ON2. α-Cyanobromolycopodine with trimethylamine forms of quaternary salt which, when subjected to the conditions of the Hofmann degradation, gives rise to a base differing from the quaternary salt by the elements of methyl bromide, and to the same neutral product obtainable from α-cyanobromolycopodine by the action of methanolic potassium hydroxide.

scholarly journals Solid residue and by-product yields from acid-catalysed conversion of poplar wood to levulinic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647-1661
Author(s):  
G. Hurst ◽  
I. Brangeli ◽  
M. Peeters ◽  
S. Tedesco
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

AbstractThis study examines the yields of solid residue and by-product from the microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic poplar wood for levulinic acid production. The aim of this study was to optimise levulinic acid production via response surface methodology (RSM) and also investigate the effect of reaction conditions on other products such as furfural, solid residue, formic acid and acetic acid yields. A maximum theoretical levulinic acid yield of 62.1% (21.0 wt %) was predicted when reaction conditions were 188 °C, 126 min and 1.93 M sulphuric acid, with a corresponding solid residue yield of 59.2 wt %. Furfural from the hydrolysis of hemicellulose was found to have significantly degraded at the optimum levulinic acid yield conditions. The investigation of formic acid yields revealed lower formic acid yields than stoichiometrically expected, indicating the organic acid reactions under microwave-assisted hydrolysis of lignocellulose. The solid residue yields were found to increase significantly with increasing reaction time and temperature. The solid residue yields under all conditions exceeded that of levulinic acid and, therefore, should be considered a significant product alongside the high-value compounds. The solid residue was further examined using IR spectra, elemental analysis and XRF for potential applications. The overall results show that poplar wood has great potential to produce renewable chemicals, but also highlight all by-products must be considered during optimization.

Acid-catalyzed Solvolysis of Isonitriles. I

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2455-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Lim ◽  
A. R. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Rate Dependence ◽  
Linear Rate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Methyl Amine ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl isonitrile has been examined. The initial hydrolysis product is N-methylformamide which is further hydrolyzed to methyl amine and formic acid at a much slower rate. The hydrolysis to N-methylformamide is pseudo-first order in methyl isonitrile and shows a linear rate dependence on concentration of general (buffer) acid at fixed pH. The significance of general acid-catalysis in terms of the mechanism of the hydrolysis is considered and taken as evidence for carbon protonation rather than nitrogen protonation as the initiating step.

Hidrolisis minyak biji asam jawa (tamarindus indica linn) menjadi asam lemaknya dan uji aktivitas antibakteri

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Arnanda Dhafin Rizky ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Parlan Parlan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Saponification tamarind seed oil used potassium hydroxide and acidification with hydrochloric acid is produced fatty acid in the form of soft white solid, has melting point 50-55 degrees celcius. The result of this hydrolysis positive test of unsaturation. It has an acid number of 115.36, saponification number of 114.80, and iodine number of 53.34. The success of hydrolysis of oil into fatty acid is characterized by identification of IR spectra showing O-H vibration with moderate intensity and widening, C=O vibration of carboxylic acid with strong intensity. Fatty acids of tamarind seed have the potential as antibacterial to test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with diameter respectively 7.31 mm and 7.58 mm. Minyak biji asam jawa yang disaponifikasi menggunakan kalium hidroksida dan pengasaman dengan asam klorida dihasilkan asam lemak berupa padatan lunak berwana putih, memiliki titik lebur 50-55 derajat celcius. hasil hidrolisis ini positif uji ketidakjenuhan, bilangan asam 115,36, bilangan penyabunan 114,80, dan bilangan iod 53,34. Keberhasilan hidrolisis minyak menjadi asam lemak ditandai dari identifikasi spektrum IR yang menunjukkan vibrasi ulur O-H dengan intensitas sedang dan melebar serta vibrasi ulur C=O asam karboksilat dengan intensitas kuat. Asam lemak biji asam jawa berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan zona hambat masing-masing 7,31 mm dan 7,58 mm.

scholarly journals Efficient Production of Acetic Acid from Nipa (Nypa fruticans) Sap by Moorella thermoacetica (f. Clostridium thermoaceticum)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Van Nguyen ◽  
Pinthep Sethapokin ◽  
Harifara Rabemanolontsoa ◽  
Eiji Minami ◽  
Haruo Kawamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Moorella Thermoacetica ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

To valorize the underutilized nipa sap composed mainly of sucrose, glucose and fructose, acetic acid fermentation by Moorella thermoacetica was explored. Given that M. thermoacetica cannot directly metabolize sucrose, we evaluated various catalysts for the hydrolysis of this material. Oxalic acid and invertase exhibited high levels of activity towards the hydrolysis of the sucrose in nipa sap to glucose and fructose. Although these two methods consumed similar levels of energy for the hydrolysis of sucrose, oxalic acid was found to be more cost-effective. Nipa saps hydrolyzed by these two catalysts were also fermented by M. thermoacetica. The results revealed that the two hydrolyzed sap mixtures gave 10.0 g/L of acetic acid from the 10.2 g/L of substrate sugars in nipa sap. Notably, the results showed that the oxalic acid catalyst was also fermented to acetic acid, which avoided the need to remove the catalyst from the product stream. Taken together, these results show that oxalic acid hydrolysis is superior to enzymatic hydrolysis for the pretreatment of nipa sap. The acetic acid yield achieved in this study corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 98%, which is about 3.6 times higher than that achieved using the traditional methods. The process developed in this study therefore has high potential as a green biorefinery process for the efficient conversion of sucrose-containing nipa sap to bio-derived acetic acid.

scholarly journals OXIDATION OF BENZYLIC SECONDARY ALCOHOL WITH PYRIDINIUM CHLOROCHROMATE-ALUMINA (PCC-Al2O3)

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
Hanoch J. Sohilait
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Pyridinium Chlorochromate ◽  
Secondary Alcohols

In these studies, Pyridinium chlorochromate-Alumina was used for oxidation of secondary alcohols (safryl alcohol and methyleugenyl alcohol) to ketone.  The oxidation of safryl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3 followed by purification by potassium bisulfite yields safryl ketone (62,92%). The oxidation of methyleugenyl alcohol with PCC-Al2O3, followed by purification by potassium bisulfite  yields methyleugenyl ketone (68,04%). The elucidation of these products was analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS.   Keywords : PCC-alumina, secondary alcohols, ketone

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY ALCOHOL COMPOUNDS FROM SAFROLE AND METHYLEUGENOL

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Hanoch J Sohilait ◽  
Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo ◽  
Sabirin Matsjeh
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Mercuric Acetate ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
In Situ Reduction

Synthesis of secondary alcohols compound from safrole and methyleugenol has been achieved through conversion of allyl group to alcohol.The reaction of safrole and methyleugenol with mercuric acetate in aqueous tetrahydrofuran, followed by in situ reduction of the mercurial intermediate by alkaline sodium borohydride produced secondary alcohol namely safryl alcohol (71.25%) and methyleugenil alcohol (65.56%). The structure elucidation of these products were analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS.   Keywords: Secondary alcohols; safrole; methyleugenol

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