scholarly journals GROWTH RATE DISTRIBUTION OF BORAX SINGLE CRYSTALS ON THE (001) FACE UNDER VARIOUS FLOW RATES

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Suharso Suharso

The growth rates of borax single crystals from aqueous solutions at various flow rates in the (001) direction were measured using in situ cell method. From the growth rate data obtained, the growth rate distribution of borax crystals was investigated using Minitab Software and SPSS Software at relative supersaturation of 0807 and temperature of 25 °C. The result shows that normal, gamma, and log-normal distribution give a reasonably good fit to GRD. However, there is no correlation between growth rate distribution and flow rate of solution.   Keywords: growth rate dispersion (GRD), borax, flow rate

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Suharso Suharso ◽  
Gordon Parkinson ◽  
Mark Ogden

The growth rates of borax crystals from aqueous solutions in the (010) direction at various flow rates were measured. The observed variations of the growth rate can be represented by a normal distribution.  It was found that there is no correlation between growth rate distribution and solution flow under these experimental conditions.   Keywords: Growth rate dispersion (GRD), borax, flow rate


2014 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 140-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
José T. Lunardi ◽  
Salvatore Miccichè ◽  
Fabrizio Lillo ◽  
Rosario N. Mantegna ◽  
Mauro Gallegati

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Hinson ◽  
G. P. Vinson ◽  
B. J. Whitehouse ◽  
G. M. Price

ABSTRACT Using the in-situ, isolated, perfused rat adrenal system, the actions of adrenal stimulants on steroidogenesis and perfusion medium flow rates (under constant perfusion pump conditions) have been studied. In a series of 100 experiments, initial rates of corticosterone output and flow rates were found to be positively correlated, although there was no such relationship between initial rates of aldosterone output and flow rates. Furthermore, in stable perfusion conditions, bolus injections of ACTH increased both flow rate and steroid output in a dose-related manner. In individual experiments there was a clear correlation between corticosterone and flow, but the association between aldosterone secretion rate and flow was less evident. It is possible that this discrepancy arises because of temporal differences in the responses of these two steroids. Flow was also stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), with correlations with steroid output similar to ACTH, but the specific zona glomerulosa stimulants angiotensin II amide and potassium ions had, if anything, inhibitory effects on flow, but only at high concentrations. The data suggest that ACTH and dbcAMP evoke specific responses in the adrenal vasculature, resulting in relatively decreased intraglandular vascular resistance. They furthermore suggest that the secretory functions of the inner adrenocortical zones are subject to the additional control of vascular elements in the intact gland. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 279–285


2011 ◽  
Vol 390 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 4273-4285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atushi Ishikawa ◽  
Shouji Fujimoto ◽  
Takayuki Mizuno

1994 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Pan ◽  
John L. Margrave ◽  
Robert H. Hauge

ABSTRACTIn situ quantitative studies of the effects of substrate temperature, methane and chlorine flow rates on homoepitaxial diamond growth rates on (110) surfaces in a chlorine-activated diamond CVD reactor have been carried out using a Fizeau interferometer. The temperature dependence of diamond growth rates was found to display three distinct growth activation energies, ranging from 9±2 kcal/mol in the substrate temperature of 750-950°C, to 3.2±0.2 kcal/mol in the temperature range of 300-650°C, followed by 1.2±0.2 kcal/mol in the temperature range of 102-250°C. Atomic hydrogen is believed to be the dominant activating species in the highest temperature range, and atomic chlorine is believed to be the dominant species in the lower temperature regions. Studies of the methane flow effect on diamond growth rates revealed a linearity, indicating that the diamond growth rate was of the first order in methane flows. Diamond growth rates were also found to increase linearly with the chlorine flow. At high chlorine flow rates, however, an accelerated diamond growth rate was observed. Discussion is given to explain the observed results.


2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 1207-1210
Author(s):  
B. Li ◽  
Q. Chen

In situ UV-LIGA assembled robust micro check valves with large flow rates (>10 ml/s, displacement related), high-pressure support ability (>10 MPa) and high operational frequencies (>10 kHz) made of nano-structured nickel were presented in this paper. The microvalve consists of an array of 80 single micro valves to achieve the required flow rates. Test results show that the forward flow rate is about 19 ml/s under pressure of 90Psi. The backward flow rate is negligible. The reliability of the valve is ensured by the valve design and nanostructured nickel realized. The tested tensile strength of a nano structured nickel is about 1GPa. The strength of SU-8 is 50MPa, which is more than 50% higher that fabricated with a standard process.


1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Broadbent

SUMMARYWeaned single-suckled calves (male castrates) were offered a finishing diet which included 2·3 kg/day bruised barley (F) or a similar diet with the cereal supplement omitted (R) during the main winter feeding period. Some diet R steers had a subsequent grazing period and were re-housed for a second winter when the diet included a cereal supplement. The treatments caused differences in growth rate, distribution of slaughterings and grazing requirements. Diet R reduced growth rate and the steers took longer to reach slaughter, which was at a higher live weight, than on diet F at the same degree of finish. Steers on diet R produced 4·5% more carcass weight, 8·2% more lean, 4·1 % less fat and 11·2% more bone than those on diet F. They consumed more wet distillers' grains (21·1 %), swedes (25·5%) and grass silage (32·0%) from housing to slaughter but saved 80·0 % of the cereal consumed on diet F.


1977 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanian Swamy

Recently there has been renewed interest among economists for a comparative analysis of Chinese and Indian economies. Such comparative analysis is natural considering the similarity of size, population, historical background and contemporary significance of the two countries. For the economist, study of the objectives, priorities, development strategies and resource mobilization techniques, and the end-result of the same in terms of growth rate, distribution and stability in the two countries, have major academic rewards.


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