scholarly journals ONE-STEP CONVERSION OF EUGENOL TO METHYL ISOEUGENOL USING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION IN SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcellino Rudyanto ◽  
Lanny Hartanti
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfate ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
One Step

A research on conversion of eugenol to methyl isoeugenol via one-step reaction with microwave irradiation has been carried out. Mixtures containing eugenol, sodium or potassium carbonate as solid support, with or without sodium or potassium hydroxide as base, with or without tetrabutylammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst, with dimethyl sulfate as the methylating agent were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven for 20 - 50 seconds. It was revealed that one-step methylation and isomerization required combinations of sodium or potassium hydroxide base and tetrabutylammonium bromide. Without combination of base and TBAB only one product, i.e. methyl eugenol, was formed.   Keywords: eugenol, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, microwave

Synthesis of Hydrotalcites Using Microwave Irradiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fetter ◽  
P. Bosch ◽  
F. A. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Anion Exchangers ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven

ABSTRACTHydrotalcites are mineral anion exchangers whose exchange capacity is determined by the amount of structural magnesium atoms (octahedrally coordinated) substituted by aluminium atoms. In this work we study the synthesis of hydrotalcites using a domestic microwave oven at room pressure. The effect of the oven power on the composition and on the resulting structure of two hydrotalcites differing on their nominal Al/Al+Mg ratio is presented.

Rapid and efficient synthesis of metal-free phthalocyanine derivatives

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Shaabani ◽  
Ali Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Bromide ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Short Times

Metal-free phthalocyanine derivatives have been synthesized in very short times with high yields in the presence of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium trifluoroacetate (TMGT) as an ionic liquid or tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer reagent under both classical heating conditions and using microwave irradiation. The best results were obtained with ionic liquid. Both the ionic liquid and phase transfer reagent can be recycled for subsequent reactions and reused without appreciable loss of efficiency.

scholarly journals Benzylation of N-phenyl-2-phenylacetamide under microwave irradiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Mijin ◽  
Masa Prascevic ◽  
Slobodan Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Benzyl Chloride ◽  
Main Product ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Free System ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Solvent Free System

N-Phenyl-2-phenylacetamide was alkylated with benzyl chloride in the presence of powdered potassium hydroxide under microwave irradiation in a solvent-free system. The reactions were also performed in the presence of phase-transfer catalysts. The formation of N-, O- and C-products of alkylation was followed by gas chromatography. The N-product was found to be the main product under microwave irradiation. The O-product was obtained in higher yields when an excess of base and benzyl chloride was used.

scholarly journals A Green Synthesis of a Novel Calix[4]Resorcinarene from 7-Hydroxycitronellal Using Microwave Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ratnaningsih Eko Sardjono ◽  
Iqbal Musthapa ◽  
Iis Rosliana ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
Galuh Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Waste Production

A new versatile macromolecule cyclic C-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxycalix[4]resorcinarene (CDHHK4R) has been synthesized from a fragrance agent, 7-hydroxycitronellal, via microwave irradiation. The reaction utilized a domestic microwave oven at various irradiation time and power to yield an optimum condition. As a comparison, the conventional heating method was also employed for the synthesis of the same calix[4]resorcinarene. Compared to the conventional method, microwave-assisted reaction effectively reduced the reaction time, the amount of energy consumption and the waste production. It is found that the synthesis of CDHHK4R by microwave irradiation yielded 77.55% of product, higher than by conventional heating which was only 62.17%.

scholarly journals Release of Fumigant Residues from Grain by Microwave Irradiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678
Author(s):  
Yong-Lin Ren ◽  
James M Desmarchelier
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Microwave Method ◽  
Multiresidue Analysis ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Irradiation Power ◽  
Power Setting ◽  
Initial Procedure ◽  
Gas Tight

abstract Multiresidue analysis of fumigants is important because of their widespread use on staple foodstuffs, such as grain. Fumigants are usually extracted from grain either by solvent extraction or by purgeand- trap techniques. In this paper, fumigant residues in wheat were "extracted" by a microwave procedure. Wheat, in gas-tight Erlenmeyer flasks, was placed in a domestic microwave oven, and fumigants were released into the headspace by microwave irradiation. Power settings for maximum release of fumigants were determined for CH3Br PH3, CS2, and COS. Recoveries of fortified samples were >90%. Completeness of extraction was assessed from the amount of fumigant retained by the microwave-irradiated wheat. This amount, determined from both solvent extraction and from further microwave irradiation, was always small(<5℅ of the amount obtained from the initial procedure). Limits of quantitation were <1 ng/g for ChhBr, PH3, and CS2. These low limits were essentially due to the absence of interference from solvents. The microwave method is rapid and solvent-free. However, care is required in selecting the appropriate power setting. The safety implications of heating sealed flasks in microwave ovens should be noted.

Microwave-Expedited One-Pot, Two-Component, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrimidines

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyamaprosad Goswami ◽  
Subrata Jana ◽  
Swapan Dey ◽  
Avijit Kumar Adak
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Ethyl Cyanoacetate ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Combinatorial Type ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Dicarbonyl Compounds ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Two Component ◽  
One Step ◽  
Solvent Free Synthesis

The synthesis of a series of diversely substituted pyrimidines under solvent-free conditions in good yields is described. Under microwave irradiation, a variety of nucleophilic substrates containing the N–C–N unit with β-dicarbonyl compounds, ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile, and chalcones was cyclized to give pyrimidines. A combinatorial type approach for a one-step synthesis has been developed where a ring-closing condensation is followed by spontaneous aromatization to afford 28 functionalized and aryl/alkyl substituted pyrimidines.

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