scholarly journals FOUR-FACTOR RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMIZATION OF THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF WAX ESTER FROM PALM KERNEL OIL

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽  
Dedy Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio ◽  
Central Composite

The synthesis of wax ester using refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm kernel oil (PKO) and oley alcohol catalyzed by Lipozyme IM was carried out. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a five-level, four-factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to evaluate the interactive effects of synthesis, of reaction time (5-20 h), temperature (20-50 oC), amount of enzyme (0.1-0.2 g) and substrate molar ratio (palm kernel oil to oleyl alcohol, 1:1-1:5) on the percentage yield of wax esters. The optimum condition conditions derived via RSM were reaction time 8.46 h, temperature 44.4 oC, amount of enzyme 0.182 g, substrate molar ratio 1 to 3.7. The actual experimental yield was 92.9 % under optimum condition, which good accordance to the maximum predicted value of 92.4 %.   Keywords: response surface methodology, central composite rotatable design, palm kernel oil, lipozyme, alcoholysis, wax ester

Lipase-catalyzed production of medium-chain triacylglycerols from palm kernel oil distillate: Optimization using response surface methodology

2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Tein Low ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Chin Ping Tan ◽  
Kamariah Long ◽  
Rosnah Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Kernel Oil

scholarly journals Trans-Esterification Optimization Process for Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T.O. Rabiu ◽  
N.A. Folami ◽  
N.A. Badiru ◽  
N.A. Kinghsley ◽  
B.T. Dare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

The ever-growing concern for the safety of lives and the environment as well as the depletion in fossil fuels reserves across the globe has led to the keen interests of many researchers in the field of renewable energy. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the trans-esterification optimization process for biodiesel production from palm kernel using response surface methodology. The materials for the trans-esterification processes were palm kernel oil, Methanol and sodium hydroxide. The effects of reaction temperature (oC), catalyst concentration (wt%) and reaction time (min) on the yield were evaluated. The properties of the biodiesel produced showed that it met the ASTM standard for biodiesel. A quadratic polynomial model, Yield (%) = 78.60–3.12A–.62B + 0.00C -0.75AB – 3.50AC + 1.50BC + 2.82A2– 0.18B2 + 1.08C2, was developed that can be used to predict yield of biodiesel at any value of the different parameters investigated. The ANOVA for the model of the biodiesel yield obtained indicates that the models fit well in describing the relationship between the predictor (biodiesel yield) and the factors (methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction time). The optimal trans-esterification conditions were found to be 60°C for temperature, 60minutes for reaction time, 0.878w% of oil as Sodium hydroxide (catalyst) concentration and methanol/oil ratio of 1:6. At these optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was fond to be 89.32% The generated biodiesel had high cetane number, better engine ignitability and poses lesser pollution problems than petroleum diesel.

scholarly journals WAX ESTERS PRODUCTION BY ALCOHOLYSIS OF PALM OIL FRACTIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽  
Dedy Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wax Ester ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Oil Fractions

The lipase synthesis of wax esters using palm oil fractions (palm oil and palm kernel oil) and long chain alcohol as substrates was carried out. The present work focuses on the synthesis of wax esters using Lipozyme. Five parameters such as reaction time, temperature, amount of enzyme, molar ratio of substrates and various organic solvents of the reaction system were investigated. The optimum yields were achieved at the reaction temperature of 40 - 50 °C for palm oil (PO) and 40 °C for palm kernel oil (PKO) alcoholysis, a reaction time of 5 - 7 h for PO and 7 - 10 h for PKO alcoholysis, 0.15 g of enzyme for both PO and PKO alcoholysis, molar ratio at 3:1 (alcohol: PO or PKO), and the best solvent for the reactions was hexane. Percentage yields of esters obtained at these optimum reaction conditions was 83% refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil alkoholysis and 87% for RBD palm kernel oil alcoholysis respectively   Keywords: palm oil, palm kernel oil, enzymatic, alcoholysis, wax ester, oleyl alcohol

scholarly journals Optimization of Enzymatic Synthesis of Betulinic Acid Amide in Organic Solvent by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Nurul Atikah Amin Yusof ◽  
Nursyamsyila Mat Hadzir ◽  
Siti Efliza Ashari ◽  
Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi ◽  
Rossuriati Dol Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio

Optimization of the lipase catalyzed enzymatic synthesis of betulinic acid amide in the presence of immobilized lipase, Novozym 435 from Candida antartica as a biocatalyst was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central-composite rotatable design (CCRD) were employed to evaluate the effects of the synthesis parameters, such as reaction time (20–36 h), reaction temperature (37–45 °C), substrate molar ratio of betulinic acid to butylamine (1:1–1:3), and enzyme amounts (80–120 mg) on the percentage yield of betulinic acid amide by direct amidation reaction. The optimum conditions for synthesis were: reaction time of 28 h 33 min, reaction temperature of 42.92 °C, substrate molar ratio of 1:2.21, and enzyme amount of 97.77 mg. The percentage yield of actual experimental values obtained 65.09% which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 67.23%. The obtained amide was characterized by GC, GCMS and 13C NMR. Betulinic acid amide (BAA) showed a better cytotoxicity compared to betulinic acid as the concentration inhibited 50% of the cell growth (IC50) against MDA-MB-231 cell line (IC50 < 30 µg/mL).

Development of compressed meat based bar using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
K. Jayathilakan ◽  
Rajkumar Ahirwar ◽  
Khudsia Sultana ◽  
M. C. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
Central Composite

<p>Studies were carried out to optimize the percentage of ingredients for the development of ready to eat mutton bar. Central composite rotatable design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for designing the experimental combinations. Matrix for compression was designed by selecting factors like mutton powder, binders and applied pressure. Protein percentage, hardness and over all acceptability (OAA) were taken as responses. OAA and hardness showed highly significant and fitted with quadratic model whereas other response i.e. protein levels found to be significant and fitted with linear model. From the design of experiments 45g/100g of mutton powder with 5g/100g binders having an applied pressure of 142 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> yielded a bar having a protein percentage of 35g/100g with a hardness of 20.9 N with an overall acceptability score of 8.6 ±0.2 on a 9 point hedonic scale. The product gives energy of 393 kcal per 100 g.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document