scholarly journals A Study on Production of Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate Bioplastic from Sago Starch by Indigenous Amylolytic Bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Nur Arfa Yanti ◽  
Langkah Sembiring ◽  
Sebastian Margino ◽  
Nurhayani H. Muhiddin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
G Cell ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Glucose Accumulation ◽  
Starch Medium

Bacillus sp. PSA10 and Bacillus sp. PPK5 were two indigenous strain amylolytic bacteria from SoutheastSulawesi that have ability to produce bioplastic poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from sago starch. The study wasattempted to determine the mechanism of PHB production by bacteria amylolytic was grown on sago starchcontainingmedia. Two amylolytic bacteria i.e. Bacillus sp. PSA10 and Bacillus sp. PPK5 was grown for 168 hin a mineral salts medium with sago starch as carbon source. Growth of amylolytic bacteria was monitoredby cell dry weight. Extraction of PHB was done by N-hexane acetone-diethyl ether method and PHB contentwas quantifi ed with UV spectrophotometer at 235 nm. Glucose level was determined by using kit of glucoseGOD 10” and was quantifi ed with spectrophotometer at 500 nm. Sago starch concentration was determinedby phenol method using specthrophotometer at 490 nm. The result of the study showed that Bacillus sp.PSA10 was produced PHB up to 66,81 % (g PHB/g cell dry weight) at 48 h and Bacillus sp. PPK5 up to 24,83% (g PHB/g cell dry weight) at 84 h. Bacillus sp. PSA10 has ability to converse sago starch to be PHB directlywithout glucose accumulation in the media, whereas Bacillus sp. PPK5 have to accumulate glucose as productof sago starch hydrolysis to produce of PHB. PHB synthesis by Bacillus sp. PHB production on sago starchof the Bacillus sp. PSA10 was found to be growth-associated whereas Bacillus sp. PPK5 was found to be nongrowth-associated. Therefore, two indigenous amylolytic bacteria were having of difference in biosynthesismechanism of PHB in sago starch medium and their characteristics of PHB synthesis should be consideredin developing cultivation methods for the effi cient production of PHB. Keywords : Production, PHB, Amylolytic bacteria, Sago starch.

scholarly journals Production of Poly-α-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Sago Starch by The Native Isolate Bacillus megaterium PSA10

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Arfa Yanti ◽  
Langkah Sembiring ◽  
Sebastian Margino
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
16S Rdna Gene ◽  
Phb Production

A new bacterial strain that produces amylase and poly-α-hidroxybutyrate (PHB) using sago starch as carbon source was characterized and identified to be member of the Bacillus megaterium group based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequences. Amylase activity was determined spectrophotometrically on the basis of substrate concentration reduction. PHB production was quantified with UV spectrophotometer. The polymer produced by B. megaterium PSA10 was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The result of the study showed that the amylase specific activity B. megaterium PSA10 was 593,61 DUN/mg protein and PHB production from sago starch was 52,28 % of cell dry weight (CDW). FTIR analysis of the polymer indicated that the strain B.megaterium PSA10 was a potent PHB producer.

scholarly journals Effect of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.) on the growth of some toxigenic aspergillus species and aflatoxin B1 production

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Anamarija Mandic ◽  
Aleksandra Misan ◽  
Marijana Sakac ◽  
Ljubisa Saric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Carum Carvi ◽  
The Media ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Poor Concentration

An inhibitory effect of various concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2,0%) of mint (Mentha piperita L.) and caraway (Carvum carvi L.) on the growth of A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. ochraceus was examined during 10 days of cultivation in YES medium at temperature of 25?C. Mint showed stronger inhibitory effect than caraway. Total dry weight (g/l) after 10 days of the growth of A. fumigatus in YES medium with 0.5% of mint decreased by about 95%, A. flavus by 97% and A. ochraceus by about 82%. Addition of higher concentrations of mint (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) reduced the growth of all tested species. It was poor and hardly visible. pH values of the media increased with the increase of mint concentrations. A. fumigatus showed the highest sensitivity towards caraway and A. flavus the lowest. Total dry weight (g/l) after 10 days of growth of A. fumigatus in medium with 0.5% of caraway decreased by about 72% in comparison to the control. In media with higher concentrations of caraway, its growth was found to be very poor. Concentration of 1.0% of caraway reduced A. flavus growth by 15% and of 1.5% by 92%, in regard to the control. In medium with 2.0% of caraway the growth of A. flavus was observed as poor and hardly visible. The growth of A. ochraceus in medium with 0.5% of caraway decreased by about 85% comparing with control and further decrease was noticed by the increase of concentrations. In medium with 1.5% of caraway a reduction of about 95% of growth was found and under 2.0% of caraway it was poor. pH of the media also increased with the increase of caraway concentrations. Applied concentrations of mint and caraway inhibited completely the production of AB1 by A. flavus.

scholarly journals Uji Isolat Bakteri Azotobacter Asal Kebun Lidah Buaya dengan Pupuk Urea terhadap Serapan Nitrogen pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) di Tanah Gambut

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Nandung Erlanda ◽  
Feira B. Arief ◽  
Ismahan Umran ◽  
Sutarman Gafur ◽  
Denah Suswati
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soybean Plants

Azotobacter nitrogen-fixing bacteria and urea fertilizer to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers. These bacteria can play a role in increasing nitrogen uptake and further growth of soybean plants. This study aimed to obtain growth media for Azotobacter and increase plant and root growth and nitrogen uptake of Biosoy soybean varieties. The research was conducted to help the uptake of n in the soil and reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The first experiment was carried out by growing bacteria on the media for 120 hours. The second experiment was designed in a completely randomized design that tested two treatments with additional use of urea fertilizer and Azotobacter and no Azotobacter. The results showed that there was no effect of giving Azotobacter from aloe vera gardens, and urea fertilizer showed a significant effect on the observed variables of soil pH in soybean plants on peat soil. In contrast, the variables observed were population, plant height, N content, N-total, plant dry weight, dry weight of plant roots, and N span of soybean plants had no significant effect.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF PHB, MESOPHILIC PROTEASES AND LIPASES

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro Abd al fattah Amara
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Simultaneous Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Excel Solver

ABSTRACT: Bacillus species are able to produce PHB, Proteases and Lipases. Bacillus subtilius, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus therigienesis and Bacillus sp. were used. Plackett-Burman, Box-Behnken design and the Excel solver were used to optimize the production. The statistical analysis of the results proved insignificant relationship between the media compositions and the responses. The results clearly proved a competition between the production of PHB, Proteases and Lipases. Meanwhile systematic experimental design succeeded to minimize this competition. The maximum gained PHB in this study were 16.48 g/l/48 hr. In case of Proteases and Lipases were 534, and 22.56 Units/ml/48 h respectively. The strategies used in this study are recommended for simultaneous production of PHB and proteases. For some extend lipases produced too.

Metabolism of carbaryl and carbofuran by soil-enrichment and bacterial cultures

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Rajagopal ◽  
V. R. Rao ◽  
G. Nagendrappa ◽  
N. Sethunathan
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Major Route

Metabolism of side chain and ring 14C-labelled carbaryl and carbofuran in a mineral salts medium by soil-enrichment cultures and a Bacillus sp. was studied. A change in the substrate of the medium from carbaryl to carbofuran led to a marked shift in the dominant bacterium from Bacillus sp. to Arthrobacter sp. although carbaryl-enrichment culture was the primary inoculum in both media. Hydrolysis was the major route of microbial degradation of both carbamate insecticides. During carbaryl degradation by enrichment cultures and Bacillus sp., 1-naphthol and 1,4-naphthoquinone accumulated in the medium. Of the three metabolites formed from carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran were further metabolized rapidly, while carbofuran phenol was resistant to further degradation. Evolution of 14CO2 and other gaseous 14C-labelled products from both side chain and ring labels was negligible. This and slow degradation of the hydrolysis products led to significant accumulation of 14C in the medium even after prolonged incubation.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate in the Peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Using Intermediates of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5254-5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Poirier ◽  
Nadine Erard ◽  
Jean MacDonald-Comber Petétot
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Recombinant Yeast ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters having properties of biodegradable thermoplastics and elastomers that are naturally produced by a variety of pseudomonads.Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with thePseudomonas aeruginosa PHAC1 synthase modified for peroxisome targeting by the addition of the carboxyl 34 amino acids from the Brassica napus isocitrate lyase. The PHAC1 gene was put under the control of the promoter of the catalase A gene. PHA synthase expression and PHA accumulation were found in recombinantS. cerevisiae growing in media containing fatty acids. PHA containing even-chain monomers from 6 to 14 carbons was found in recombinant yeast grown on oleic acid, while odd-chain monomers from 5 to 15 carbons were found in PHA from yeast grown on heptadecenoic acid. The maximum amount of PHA accumulated was 0.45% of the dry weight. Transmission electron microscopy of recombinant yeast grown on oleic acid revealed the presence of numerous PHA inclusions found within membrane-bound organelles. Together, these data show that S. cerevisiae expressing a peroxisomal PHA synthase produces PHA in the peroxisome using the 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A intermediates of the β-oxidation of fatty acids present in the media. S. cerevisiaecan thus be used as a powerful model system to learn how fatty acid metabolism can be modified in order to synthesize high amounts of PHA in eukaryotes, including plants.

scholarly journals Improved Lycopene Production from Different Substrates by Mated Fermentation of Blakeslea Trispora

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Sevgili ◽  
Osman Erkmen
Keyword(s):  
Shake Flask ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Blakeslea Trispora ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Lycopene Production ◽  
The Media ◽  
Orange Powder ◽  
Early Growth Phase ◽  
Indirect Relationship

The production of lycopene from different substrates by Blakeslea trispora in fermentation was investigated. Lycopene productions from 4 and 6% glucose (pH 6.5) in shake flask fermentation were 77.7 and 28.1 mg L−1. Increasing the glucose concentration to 6% resulted in a decrease in lycopene production by 36.2%. A maximum lycopene concentration of 944.8 mg L−1 was detected with 4% glucose supplemented with 1.0 % sunflower oil in fermentor studies. Lycopene productions in the presence of sunflower and corn oils in the fermentor were 12.2 and 11.1 times higher, respectively, then without oil from 4 % glucose in a shake flask. Lycopene production from orange peel was two times higher in the fermentor than in the shake flask. Zygospores of B. trispora are the morphological forms, which are responsible for the production of the lycopene. The highest level of zygospores was correlated with the highest amount of intracellular lycopene in the total biomass dry weight. The media containing only orange powder (1%) gave a 4.9 mg L−1 lycopene production in a fermentor. The biosynthesis of lycopene has been started in most cases simultaneously in the early growth phase even in trace amounts. Maximum lycopene concentration was obtained when the medium was supplied with sunflower and corn oils. There is an indirect relationship between biomass and lycopene concentration.

Tissue slice water and electrolyte metabolism of adult cats during cold exposure

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Boatman ◽  
Patricia A. Pisarcik ◽  
Marvin J. Rabinovitz
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
The Media ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Water Equilibrium

Liver, kidney and thyroid slices were taken from adult cats exposed to 0°C from 2 hours to 15 days, and incubated under oxygenation in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer media for 30 minutes at 38°C. Pre- and postincubation wet weight/dry weight and Na24 exchanges were measured. I131 exchange was measured in thyroid slices. At 1–12 hours of cold exposure kidney cortex, liver and thyroid exhibited increased uptake of water from the media, declining at 4–6 days of cold exposure below control values. By 8–12 days these values returned to control levels or above. Na24 uptake by kidney and liver slices and I131 uptake by thyroid was inversely proportional to values found for water uptake. I131 uptake by thyroid declined with time of cold exposure; by 8–12 days, I131 uptake from the media had significantly increased, reaching 45% above control values on the 15th day. It was concluded cold exposure placed severe and immediate metabolic demands upon the tissues, resulting in impaired tissue electrolyte and water equilibrium.

scholarly journals Suitability of Sphagnum Moss, Coir, and Douglas Fir Bark as Soilless Substrates for Container Production of Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1692-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Kingston ◽  
Carolyn F. Scagel ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Bernadine Strik
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Lower Porosity ◽  
The Media ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Container Production

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the suitability of different soilless substrates for container production of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Young plants of ‘Snowchaser’ blueberry were grown in 4.4-L pots filled with media containing 10% perlite and varying proportions of sphagnum moss, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir, and douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. (Franco)] bark, as well as a commercially available mix of peatmoss, perlite, and other ingredients for comparison. Total plant dry weight (DW) was similar among the treatments at 72 days after transplanting, but at 128 days, total DW was nearly twice as much in the commercial mix and in media with ≥60% peat or coir than in media with ≥60% bark. Inadequate irrigation likely played a role in poor plant growth in bark. Bark had lower porosity and water holding capacity than peat, coir, or the commercial mix and, therefore, dried quickly between irrigations. Bark also reduced plant uptake efficiency of a number of nutrients, including N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, Cu, and Zn. Uptake efficiency of P, K, and Mg also differed between plants grown in peat and coir, which in most cases was a function of the initial concentration of nutrients in the media. Before planting, peat had the highest concentration of Mg and Fe among the media, whereas coir had the highest concentration of P and K. Leachate pH was initially lowest with peat and highest with coir but was similar among each of the media treatments by the end of the study. Electrical conductivity (EC) of leachate never exceeded 0.84 dS·m−1 in any treatment. Overall, peat and coir appear to be good substrates for container production of highbush blueberry. Bark, on the other hand, was less suitable, particularly when it exceeded 30% of the total media composition.

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