scholarly journals Initial Moisture Content of Corncobs Plays an Important Role in Maintaining its Quality during Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Lince Mukkun ◽  
Herianus J.D. Lalel ◽  
Yuliana Tandirubak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Randomized Design

Maize is one of the important staple foods for people in Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Subsistent farmers store the maize for their own consumption until the next harvest season, for seed and feed.  However, high initial water content of the kernel due to improper drying prior storage initiate serious damage and losses during the maize storage.  High water content promotes the growth of fungi and insects, and increase respiration rate, resulting in rapid deterioration of maize. The purpose of this study was to determine the initial moisture content that might minimize damage and losses of maize in the farmers’ storage, and to study the effects of some plant materials that are used to smoke corns before storage. The experiment was initiated by sun-drying the harvested corncobs for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days (6 hours a day). This experiment was designed using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Dried corncobs were stored in the farmer’s storage for 4 months. The effects of maize kernels’ initial water content on the development of water content in kernels; the percentage of damaged kernels; and the species of pathogen and insects were investigated during storage with 2-week intervals.  The results demonstrated that drying the corncobs prior storage for 10 days, resulting in 12.96% of water content, significantly decreased the percentage of seed damage to 6.5%, as compared to without drying process which resulted  in 63%.  Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., and Penicillium sp were found to be the main pathogen during storage.  There are no insect pests found during the storage. 

Shrinkage Properties of Cement Solidified Sludge with High Water Content

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1496-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Si Fa Xu ◽  
Li Li Yan ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Curing Period

Solidified sludge as backfill material exists serious phenomenon of shrinkage and cracking, and the project's strength, permeability and stability will be adversely affected. The material used in this study is sludge with high water content from the Metro construction sites in Hangzhou. In this paper, our main research is the influences of the initial water content of sludge, curing period and cement content on the curing shrinkage of silt. The results show that the shrinkage increases with initial moisture content, decreases with the increase of the cement content, and increases with curing period. Strength decreases with the increase of initial water content, increases with cement content, and increases with curing period. The test has a certain reference value to the engineering practice.

scholarly journals Adjustment of mathematical models and quality of soybean grains in the drying with high temperatures

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C. Coradi ◽  
Carlos H. P. Fernandes ◽  
Jean C. Helmich
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Moisture Contents

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the initial moisture content of soybeans and the drying air temperatures on drying kinetics and grain quality, and find the best mathematical model that fit the experimental data of drying, effective diffusivity and isosteric heat of desorption. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), with a factorial scheme (4 x 2), four drying temperatures (75, 90, 105 and 120 ºC) and two initial moisture contents (25 and 19% d.b.), with three replicates. The initial moisture content of the product interferes with the drying time. The model of Wang and Singh proved to be more suitable to describe the drying of soybeans to temperature ranges of the drying air of 75, 90, 105 and 120 °C and initial moisture contents of 19 and 25% (d.b.). The effective diffusivity obtained from the drying of soybeans was higher (2.5 x 10-11 m2 s-1) for a temperature of 120 °C and water content of 25% (d.b.). Drying of soybeans at higher temperatures (above 105 °C) and higher initial water content (25% d.b.) also increases the amount of energy (3894.57 kJ kg-1), i.e., the isosteric heat of desorption necessary to perform the process. Drying air temperature and different initial moisture contents affected the quality of soybean along the drying time (electrical conductivity of 540.35 µS cm-1g-1); however, not affect the final yield of the oil extracted from soybean grains (15.69%).

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Relationship between Free Load Swelling Rate and Water Content of Medium Expansive Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cheng Song ◽  
Ligong Yang ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Wendong Ji ◽  
Yuting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water

Expansive soil has the property of water swelling, which is related not only to the hydrophilic mineral composition of soil particles and the microstructure of soil, but also to the initial moisture content, dry density, and overburden condition of soil. Based on the typical expansive soil in a certain area, the samples were sampled and remodeled at the site. Extensive experimental tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between the hygroscopic expansion rate and the water content of the expansive soil under different initial moisture content, dry density, and free load. The results showed that, under the condition of natural initial water content and dry density, although the hygroscopic expansion rate of the medium expansive soil was nonlinear with the subsequent water content, in the range of large water content (within about 50%), the expansive soil swelled linearly. There was a linear relationship between the rate and the water content. With the increase of the initial water content, the hygroscopic expansion rate and expansion rate of the expansive soil decreased. With the increase of the dry density, the hygroscopic expansion rate and the expansion rate of the expansive soil increased. The water absorption performance did not decrease, and the soil continued to maintain the previous moisture absorption rate and expansion rate after the soil reached saturation, while after the water content reached 1.5∼2.0 times the saturated water content, the soil moisture absorption expansion rate gradually decreased until it finally stabilized. The slope k of the expansion rate increased with the initial dry density and decreased with the initial moisture content. As dry density was increased, the slope k was increased at an increased rate. Moreover, as the initial moisture content was decreased, the slope k was increased at an increased rate.

Desiccation of the TRAPPIST-1 Planets During Their Magma Ocean Phase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Carone ◽  
Patrick Barth ◽  
Rory Barnes ◽  
Lena Noack ◽  
Thomas Henning
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Magma Ocean ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Radiogenic Heating ◽  
Stellar Radiation ◽  
Tidal Heating

<pre class="moz-quote-pre">The potentially habitable planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system (e,f,g) may have experienced a prolonged magma ocean phase during which volatiles were partitioned between the molten interior and the atmosphere. The duration of the magma ocean phase is determined by 1) the incident stellar radiation, 2) atmospheric heating due to the greenhouse effect, 3) water photolysis and hydrogen escape, 4) tidal heating, 5) radiogenic heating, and 6) the magma ocean’s initial temperature. We simulate these phenomena simultaneously with the VPLanet software package, including a new module called MagmOc that treats the thermal and geochemical evolution (water, O2, and CO2) of the magma ocean. We find the TRAPPIST-1 planets’ evolution depends on initial water content and distance from the host star. In a “dry” scenario (initial water content < 5TO, for planet g), the atmosphere after magma ocean solidification is desiccated and devoid of abiotically generated O2. In an “intermediate” scenario (initial water content between 5 and 50TO), the post magma ocean atmosphere still contains water. XUV photolysis of this water leads to abiotic O2 build-up. For “extremely wet” cases (initial water content > 50 TO) or extreme internal heating, the magma ocean lifetime can be extended and quench oxygen build up. The currently inferred high water content of the planets favors the extremely wet scenario for TRAPPIST-1 g and f, i.e. they likely ended their magma ocean state with large amounts of water vapor in their atmospheres but potentially avoid the build-up of large amounts of oxygen. TRAPPIST-1 e, on the other hand, could have experienced the intermediate scenario and is therefore even less likely to possess large amounts of abiotically created atmospheric O2.</pre>

scholarly journals Temperature and seed moisture content affect electrical conductivity test in pea seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bernardes da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Nayara Alves Fernandes ◽  
Luan Costa de Aquino ◽  
Anderson Rodrigo da Silva ◽  
Warley Marcos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Test Efficiency ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
Initial Seed

Abstract: Several factors affect the electrical conductivity test efficiency, with emphasis given to the initial water content and the temperature during imbibition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the initial water content of pea seeds and the temperature on the electrical conductivity test efficiency. Six lots of ‘Mikado’ pea were used, which were previously tested for initial characterization. In the first trial, based on the initial value of the samples, the seed moisture content was adjusted to 9, 11, 13 and 15% and then the seeds were submitted to the electrical conductivity test. In the second trial, the water for seed imbibition was kept for 24 hours at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ºC, and after that time the seeds were added and soaked for other 24 hours at the temperatures already mentioned. It was observed that initial seed moisture content and water temperature during imbibition influenced the results of the electrical conductivity test. This test should be carried out with distilled water, previously maintained for 24 hours at 25 °C for temperature stabilization. Then, the seeds with seed moisture content between 11 and 15% should be put to soak at 25 °C, and maintained at this temperature for 24 hours.

scholarly journals Potensi Produksi Asap Cair, Arang dan Tar dari Limbah Industri Pengolahan Kayu

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Alaik Z H Albaki ◽  
Ahmad S Purnama ◽  
Fajri Yulianto ◽  
Budy Rahmat ◽  
Vita Meylani
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pyrolysis Tar ◽  
Two Factors

The practice of burning and stockpiling to reduce wood waste from the wood processing industry is not in line with the demands of clean production, environmentally friendly and sustainable industries. Pyrolysis technology can be used to produce bioenergy from wood waste. The temperature and the time of the pyrolysis process, the water content of materials, and the content of different yields between types of wood waste affect the bioenergy products produced. This study was aimed at determining the effect of wood waste form and condition on the quality and quantity of liquid smoke, tar, and charcoal. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors of treatments, i.e., waste forms and the drying process, was applied in this research. The results showed that the condition and shape of the material affect the volume of liquid smoke and the weight of the charcoal produced. The condition of the material without drying with high water content and the shape of the chunks produce more liquid smoke with an average yield of 191.14 mL and 186.37 mL, while the charcoal produced is higher in the condition of the material with drying and shaved form at 125.83 g and 115.62 g. The results of the test characteristics of grade 1 and 2 distillation liquid smoke meet the Japanese liquid smoke quality standards with phenol levels in the range of 26.66-35.94 mg GAE/mL sample and acidity levels of 16.91-58.9%. Keywords: Char; liquid smoke; pyrolysis; tar; wood waste.   ABSTRAK Praktik pembakaran dan penimbunan untuk mereduksi limbah kayu dari industri pengolahan kayu tidak selaras dengan tuntutan produksi bersih, ramah lingkungan dan industri berkelanjutan. Teknologi pirolisis dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi bioenergi dari limbah kayu dengan suhu dan waktu proses pirolisis, kadar air bahan serta kandungan rendemen yang berbeda antar jenis limbah kayu mempengaruhi produk bioenergi yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk dan kondisi limbah kayu terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas asap cair, ter dan arang. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial dengan perlakuan bentuk limbah dan proses pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondisi dan bentuk bahan mempengaruhi volume asap cair dan bobot arang yang dihasilkan. Kondisi bahan tanpa pengeringan dengan kadar air tinggi dan bentuk bongkah menghasilkan asap cair lebih banyak dengan hasil rata-rata 191,14 mL dan 186,37 mL, sedangkan arang yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi pada kondisi bahan dengan pengeringan dan bentuk serut yaitu 125,83 g dan 115,62 g. Hasil uji karakteristik asap cair distilasi grade 1 dan 2 memenuhi standar mutu asap cair Jepang dengan kadar fenol berada pada kisaran 26,66-35,94 mg GAE/mL sampel dan kadar keasaman 16,91-58,9 %. Kata kunci: Arang; asap cair; limbah kayu; pirolisis; ter.

scholarly journals ANGKA KAPANG DAN KHAMIR PADA LADA PUTIH ASAL BANGKA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Oktavio Rosani ◽  
Devy Susanty ◽  
Ary Triyanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
The Relationship

Numbers of Mold and Yeast on White Pepper from BangkaWhite pepper is one of Indonesia's spices that are needed for both public consumption and exports. Post-harvest processing of white pepper by farmers is often done with unclean. Each source of white pepper has different water content and will affect the quality of white pepper. In this study, seven samples (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7) were from Bangka. All samples tested had higher water content than SNI quality standard (13%), but still below the quality standard 2 (18%). Sample S2 has the highest water content compared to other samples. Sample S1 and S2 have high Numbers of Mold and Yeast (AKK) and do not suitable with quality standart of BPOM. Of all samples, S2  had the highest AKK (5,51 x 104 colony / g) and sample S5 had the smallest AKK (8,8 x 102 colony / g). This shows the relationship between water content in white pepper with AKK. White pepper that has a high water content has a high AKK, whereas white pepper that has low moisture content has low AKK.Keywords: white pepper, Numbers of Mold and Yeast, moisture contentABSTRAKLada putih adalah salah satu rempah Indonesia  yang  banyak dibutuhkan baik untuk konsumsi masyarakat ataupun ekspor. Proses pengolahan pasca panen lada putih oleh petani sering dilakukan dengan tidak bersih. Setiap sumber lada putih memiliki kadar air yang berbeda dan akan mempengaruhi kualitas lada putih. Pada penelitian ini,tujuh sampel (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7)  berasal dari Bangka. Semua sampel yang di uji memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dari standar mutu 1 SNI (13%), namun masih berada di bawah standar mutu 2 (18 %). Sampel S2 memiliki kadar air yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya. Sampel S1 dan S2 memiliki  (Angka Kapang Khamir) AKK yang tinggi dan tidak memenuhi syarat mutu. BPOM. Dari semua sampel, sampel S2 memiliki AKK paling tinggi (5,51 x 104 koloni/g) dan sampel S5 memiliki AKK paling kecil (8,8 x 102 koloni/g). Hal ini menunjukan hubungan antara kadar air pada lada putih dengan AKK. Lada putih yang memiliki kadar air tinggi memiliki AKK yang juga tinggi, sedangkan lada putih yang memiliki kadar air rendah memiki AKK yang  rendah.Kata Kunci: Lada putih, Angka kapang khamir, Kadar Air

scholarly journals Mechanical Dewatering and Thermal Drying Characteristics of Pulp Mill Sludge Cake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Prawiranto ◽  
Syamsudin ◽  
Herri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Coal Powder ◽  
Thermal Drying ◽  
Sludge Cake

Sludge cake is a type of solid waste in pulp and paper mills which may harm the environment if disposed without treatment. Its proximate analysis (adb) are: ash 26.74%; volatile matter 59.09%; fixed carbon 11.04%; moisture 3.13%, while its ultimate analysis (adb) are: C 33.46%; H 4.5%; N 1.14%; S 0.35%; O 33.81%. Having a calorific value of 3000 cal/g (adb), sludge cake may be used as renewable fuel. Unfortunately it has a high water content, so reduction of water content become a main concern in utilizing sludge cake. A combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying has been considered for water removal with a minimum energy consumption. Moreover, the application of pressurized mechanical dewatering may also play a role in formation of briquettes.Experiments on mechanical dewatering and thermal drying were carried out using 50 g sludge cake with initial water content 73%. With a pressure of 400 kg/cm2 for compression, water content at the end of mechanical dewatering was 57%. This dewatered slugde was subsequently treated using thermal drying to a moisture content of 15%. Calculated total energy for this combination of mechanical dewatering and thermal drying was about 1080 J/g. This value was lower than the energy consumption of 1520 J/g required for direct thermal drying from its moisture content of 73% down to 15%. Experiments on the use of coal powder as compression aid were also trial to improve sludge dewaterability and briquettes calorific value. Mechanical dewatering of slugde with addition of 20%-w/w coal powder resulting a briquette with moisture content of 38% at compression pressure of 400 kg/cm2. The drying curves of briquette did not affected with its size if its diameter was less than 0.5 cm. Briquette with 1 cm thickness took significantly more time to remove its water content.

KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN RUMPUT LAUT (Sargassum sp.) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI DAN KECAMATAN WANGI-WANGI SELATAN KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
La Ode Sarlin ◽  
Haslianti Haslianti ◽  
Sri Rejeki
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Keywords Antioxidants

ABSTRACT         The aim of this study was to determine the proximate content (moisture content, carbohydrate content), phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids) and antioxidants. This research used descriptive analysis. Proximate test results on Sargassum sp. P1 = 35.43% and P2 = 34.42% High water content is found in sample code P1, while carbohydrates P1 = 11.85. and P2 = 22.05. Phytochemical test of seaweed Sargassum sp. there are flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids but there are no alkaloids and steroids. Antioxidant activity of seaweed Sargassum sp. P1 has a value of IC50 = 153.37 while the value of IC50 is at P2 = 162.32. Keywords: Antioxidants, Phytochemicals Sargassum sp, and Proximate.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakterisasi kimia aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Sargassum sp. yang diperoleh dari Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi dan Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi.  Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil Uji proksimat pada rumput laut Sargassum sp. yaitu : P1 = 35,43% dan P2 = 34,42% Kadar air yang tinggi terdapat pada kode sampel P1, Sedangkan karbohidrat dengan kode sampel P1= 11,85. dan P2 = 22,05. Uji fitokimia rumput laut Sargassum sp. terdapat flavonoid, saponin dan terpenoid namun tidak terdapat alkaloid dan steroid. Aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Sargassum sp. P1 memiliki nilai IC50 = 153,37, sedangkan nilai IC50 pada P2 = 162,32.Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Fitokimia Sargassum sp, dan Proksimat.

Prediction Study of Capillary Rise Height on Unsaturated Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1260-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Qin Wang ◽  
Qing Tao Wang ◽  
Xiao Ling Liu ◽  
Qi Pang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Vertical Section ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rise Height

Based on the understanding of diseases of building’s foundation and manmade slope caused by water capillary rise, this thesis carried out a large number of laboratory tests by selfdeveloped absorption permeameter for unsaturated soil, in order to explore the capillary transport law of unsaturated soil. The thesis obtains some valuable results and conclusions: The moisture content shows minishing trend as the seepage fronts increasing, and reflects the gravitational potential of normal relations with the capillary action; (2) the water seepage frontal Hω% relation curve has no obvious inflection point, but the initial water content has an certain influence on the capillary moisture content distribution, the moisture content uses the initial moisture content of 12.5%, 9.8%, 8.0% and5.3% for testing showed an increasing trend at 4 cm and 16 cm sections, and the moisture content at the same section increased with the initial moisture content increasing, this reflects the rule that the smaller the moisture content is, the greater the matric potential, the water absorption capacity becomes stronger. (3)The moisture content difference between 4 cm and 16 cm of the initial moisture content is 12.5%, 9.8%, 8.0% and 9.8% is 1.48 %, 1.5 %, 1.7 % and 2.2 %, indicating that the smaller the initial moisture content is, the difference at the vertical section is greater. Finally, based on the relationship of Hω% curve, the thesis establishes the grey correlation prediction model, and forecasts the maximum capillary height of Lishi loess is 182cm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document