scholarly journals Fermentasi Biji Kakao Kering Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis, dan Acetobacter aceti

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Mulono Apriyanto ◽  
Sutardi Sutardi ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Eni Harmayani
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis

The aims of the study was to improve quality of cocoa bans by fermentation of sun dried cocoa beans. The fermentation variations were conducted as follows: first, fermentation without the addition of inoculum (control), the second treatment using inoculum of S. cerevisiae (FNCC 3056), L. lactis (FNC 0086) and A. aceti (FNCC 0016), each of 108 cfu/g  given simultaneously at the beginning of fermentation.and the third treatment wassequential administration, i.e: yeast at the initial fermentation, lactic acid bacteria after 24 hours fermentation, and acetic acid bacteria after 48 hr of fermentation third with the same microbial population with the second treatment. The fermentation was conducted for120 hours. The fermentation temperature were controlled during fermentation as follows: 35 °C  for the first 24 hours, 45 °C  for the next second 24- hours, 55 °C the third 24 hours and 35 °C for the last 48 hours of fermentation. The results showed that after the rehydration, pulp composition of dry beans could be used as a substrate for fermentation. During fermentation, dry cocoa beans showed reduction of total sugar content, pH and total polyphenols for all the three treatments. Cut test of dried cocoa beans during the fermentation showed the increasing percentage of brown color of the three treatments. Reducing sugar and fermentation indexes increasedfor all treatments during fermentation. Concentration of ethanol, lactic acid and acetic acid reached highest level at 24, 60, and 108 hours of fermentationfor all treatments.  Highest populations of S. cerevisiae, L. lactis and A. aceti of three treatments obtained at 24, 48 and 72 hours of fermentation. After fermentation and roasting, dry beans produced hydrophobic amino acids as precursors of flavor and volatile compounds.                                               ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat kimia pada fermentasi biji kakao kering jemur. Biji kakao kering jemur yang diperoleh dari petani memiliki kadar air yang tidak seragam. Guna menimalkan kegagalan fermentasi maka biji kakao kering jemur diperoleh melalui pengeringan biji kakao segar menggunakan kabinet dryer dengan sebelumnya dikondisikan pada suhu seperti pengeringan dengan sinar matahari, dan masing ditentukan kadar gula reduksinya. Percobaan fermentasi biji kakao kering dilakukan fermentasi pada wadah fermentasi dengan jumlah biji 150 g setiap wadah. Sebelum difermentasi terlebih dahulu biji kakao kering jemur direhidrasi agar didapat kadar air mendekati biji segar, kemudian biji kakao kering jemur diinkubasi selama enam hari dan tanpa dibalik selama fermentasi. Setiap perlakuan diulangi tiga kali dan diamati tiap 24 jam sampai 120 jam. Kadar gula reduksi (kontrol 4,49–11,45%, inokulum diawal (IA) 4,69–11,55%, inokulum bertahap (IB) 4,64–11,54%), kadar asam tertitrasi (kontrol 4,48–6,45%, inokulum diawal (IA) 4,64–6,39%, inokulum bertahap (IB)  4,45–6,59%), populasi Saccharomycescerevisiae (kontrol 5,56–7,28 (log CFU/g), inokulum diawal (IA) 6,45–8,75 (logCFU/g), inokulum bertahap (IB) 6.88 – 8.99 (logCFU/g), Lactobacillus lactis (kontrol 6,66–8,15 (log CFU/g), inokulum diawal (IA) 7,65–8,21(log CFU/g), inokulum bertahap (IB) 7,66–8,95 (log CFU/g) dan Acetobacter aceti (kontrol 4,26–6,95% (log CFU/g), inokulum diawal (IA) 4,85–7,40 (log CFU/g), inokulum bertahap (IB) 4,35–7,91 (log CFU/g)) dalam pulp fermentasi diamati selama proses fermentasi. Untuk mengetahui kualitas biji kakao dilakukan pengukuran pH (kontrol 5,67–3,98, inokulum diawal (IA) 5,67–3,55, inokulum bertahap (IB) 5,67–3,50), kadar etanol (kontrol 0,3–0,5%, inokulum diawal (IA) 0,3–0,52%, inokulum bertahap (IB) 0,35–0,53%) dan indeks fermentasi selama fermentasi (kontrol 0,31–0,88, inokulum diawal (IA) 0,32–0,99, inokulum bertahap (IB) 0,33–1,03).Kata kunci: Acetobacter aceti; biji kakao kering jemur; fermentasi; Lactobacillus lactis; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

scholarly journals Perbaikan Proses Fermentasi Biji Kakao Non Fermentasi dengan Penambahan Biakan Murni Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis dan Acetobacter aceti (Fermentation Process Improvement of Cocoa Beans with Addition of Non Fermentation Inoculum of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis and Acetobacter aceti)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulono Apriyanto ◽  
Sutardi Sutardi ◽  
Eni Harmayani ◽  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Split Test ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis

Most cocoa beans produced by Indonesian farmers are non-fermented dry cocoa whose quality can be improved by the fermentation. However, it requires the optimization for fermentation process. This study was conducted to determine the effect of giving a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis and Acetobacter aceti bacteria in fermented dry cocoa beans. Dry beans obtained by drying the wet (fresh) cocoa beans in the cabinet dryer, and subsequently their levels of reduction sugar were determined. The experiments of the fermentation of dry cocoa beans were conducted in a box (p = 120 cm, l = 80 cm, t = 40 cm) with aeration hole (diameter of 1 cm) and the distance between holes was 10 cm. Cocoa beans were incubated for 6 days and without inverted during fermentation. The studied treatments were A1 (without the addition of inoculum (control)), A2 (inocolum was added at the beginning of the incubation), A3 (inoculum was added at the beginning of fermentation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). After 24 hours of experiment, Lactobacillus lactis was added while Acetobacter aceti was added after 48 hours. Each treatment was repeated three times and observed every two days. The levels of reducing sugars, etanol, acidity, yeasts and acetic acid bacteria population in the fermentation pulp/liquid were observed during the fermentation process. In order to determine the quality of dry beans, several aspects have been measured such as: pH, fermentation index and split test on dry beans after fermentation.ABSTRAKSebagian besar biji kakao yang dihasilkan petani Indonesia merupakan kakao kering non-fermentasi yang kualitasnya masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan metode fermentasi, tetapi dibutuhkan optimasi agar fermentasi dapat berjalan dengan baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari pemberian biakan murni murni Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis dan Acetobacter aceti pada fermentasi biji kakao kering jemur. Biji kakao kering jemur diperoleh dengan mengeringkan biji kakao basah (segar) dalam kabinet dryer, dan ditentukan kadar gula reduksinya. Percobaan fermentasi biji kakao kering jemur dilakukan dalam kotak fermentasi (p = 120 cm, l = 80 cm, t = 40 cm) yang diberi lubang aerasi berdiameter 1 cm dan jarak antar lubang 10 cm. Biji kakao difermentasi selama 6 hari dan tanpa dibalik selama fermentasi. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah A1 (tanpa penambahan biakan murni murni (kontrol)), A2 (pemberian biakan murni murni diawal fermenatasi), A3 (pemberian biakan murni murni secara bertahap selama fermentasi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), setelah jam ke 24 diberikan Lactobacillus lactis dan setelah jam ke 48 diberikan Acetobacter aceti. Setiap perlakuan diulangi tiga kali dan diamati tiap dua hari sekali. Kadar gula reduksi, kadar etanol, kadar asam tertitrasi, populasi khamir, dan bakteri asam asetat dalam pulp/cairan fermentasi diamati selama proses fermentasi. Untuk mengetahui kualitas biji kakao kering jemur dilakukan pengukuran pH, indeks fermentasi dan uji belah pada biji kakao kering jemur setelah fermentasi.

scholarly journals STUDI MIKROBIA DAN BIOKIMIA FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO KERING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mulono apriyanto bin sugeng rijanto
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Sacharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

This study aims to study the fermentation parameters of dried cocoa beans in a quantitative manner and a qualitative perspective, so that it is more effective in determining the role and function of microorganisms. The three methods of fermentation are control (without the addition of an inoculum), then inoculum Sacharomyces cerevisiae (FNCC 3056), Lactobacillus lactis (FNC 0086) and Acetobacter aceti (FNCC 0016), respectively about 108 cfu / g given simultaneously at the beginning of fermentation (A) and Acetobacter aceti (FNCC 0016), each of which is around 108 cfu / g given simultaneously at the beginning of fermentation (A) and three inoculums were given in stages (B) at the beginning of fermentation, Sacharomyces cerevisiae (FNCC 3056) was added, then 24 hours were added to Lactobacillus lactis (FNC 0086) and Acetobacter aceti (FNCC 0016) at 48 hours and then fermented until 120 hours. showed that there was a decrease in total sugar content, pH and total polyphenols in all three treatments during fermentation. Concentrations of ethanol, lactic acid and acetic acid in all treatments reached their peak amounts respectively at 24, 60 and 108 hours of fermentation. Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis and Acetobacter aceti from the three treatments reached the highest populations respectively at 24, 48 and 72 hours of fermentation

scholarly journals Microbia And Biochemistry Of Cocoa Bean During Fermentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulono Apriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Sacharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

This research aims to study the fermentation parameters of dry cocoa beans in a quantitative and qualitative perspective, so that it is more effective in determining the role and function of microorganisms. The three methods of fermentation are control (without the addition of inoculums), then Sacharomyces cerevisiae (FNCC) inoculums 3056), Lactobacillus lactis (FNC 0086) and Acetobacter aceti (FNCC 0016), about 108 cfu / g each were given simultaneously at the beginning of the fermentation (A) and all three inoculums were given in stages (B) at the beginning of the fermentation added Sacharomyces cerevisiae (FNCC 3056) ), then the 24th hour was added Lactobacillus lactis (FNC 0086) and Acetobacter aceti (FNCC 0016) at 48 hours and then fermented until 120 hours. The results showed that there was a decrease in total sugar content, pH and total polyphenols in the three treatments during fermentation. Concentrations of ethanol, lactic acid and acetic acid in all treatments reached their peak amounts respectively at 24, 60 and 108 hours of fermentation. Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis and Acetobacter aceti from the three treatments reached the highest populations respectively at 24, 48 and 72 hours of fermentation.

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation of 28 Barley and 12 Oat Cultivars

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Tse ◽  
Daniel J. Wiens ◽  
Jianheng Shen ◽  
Aaron D. Beattie ◽  
Martin J. T. Reaney
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Oat Cultivars

As barley and oat production have recently increased in Canada, it has become prudent to investigate these cereal crops as potential feedstocks for alcoholic fermentation. Ethanol and other coproduct yields can vary substantially among fermented feedstocks, which currently consist primarily of wheat and corn. In this study, the liquified mash of milled grains from 28 barley (hulled and hull-less) and 12 oat cultivars were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine concentrations of fermentation products (ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (α-GPC), and glycerol). On average, the fermentation of barley produced significantly higher amounts of ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, succinic acid, α-GPC, and glycerol than that of oats. The best performing barley cultivars were able to produce up to 78.48 g/L (CDC Clear) ethanol and 1.81 g/L α-GPC (CDC Cowboy). Furthermore, the presence of milled hulls did not impact ethanol yield amongst barley cultivars. Due to its superior ethanol yield compared to oats, barley is a suitable feedstock for ethanol production. In addition, the accumulation of α-GPC could add considerable value to the fermentation of these cereal crops.

Study of pH Effect on the Anaerobic-Aerobic Fermentation of Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) Sap to Produce Acetic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Elly Agustiani ◽  
Atiqa Rahmawati ◽  
Fibrillian Zata Lini ◽  
Dimas Luthfi Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Aerobic Fermentation ◽  
Acid Product

Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a palm family that is widely planted in the Tuban area of ​​East Java. Siwalan sap has a relatively high sugar content of about 10-15 g / 100 ml. The sap is obtained by tapping the inflorescences. In general, siwalan sap is used for fresh drinks or alcoholic beverages with maximum storage in 3 days. Based on the sugar content in the sap of siwalan, acetic acid products can be made through fermentation of glucose to ethanol, then the ethanol is fermented into acetic acid. Acetic acid is widely used as a preservative of food and health drinks. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of ethanol fermentation aerobic pH on acetic acid product. Anaerobic fermentation uses saccharomyces cereviceae to produce ethanol, and aerobic fermentation uses acetobacter aceti for acetic acid production. In aerobic ethanol fermentation using pH 3; 3.5; 4 and 5. The concentration of ethanol was analyzed using GC ULTRA Scientific Gas Chromatography, DSQ II detector, and MS 220 column. Acetic acid produced from the aerobic fermentation process was analyzed using an alkalimetric method. Anaerobic fermentation uses Saccharomyces cereviceae with 1-day log phase, while aerobic fermentation uses acetobacter aceti with a 5 day log phase. Aerobic fermentation to produce acetic acid was observed in 5 days to obtained maximum acetic acid concentration, the highest acetic acid concetration is about 2.595 g/l and yield of acetic acid is obtained 0.519% (b/v) at pH 5. Low acetic acid concentration due to low intitial sugar content in siwalan sap.

scholarly journals Performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains to Ferment Sugarcane Juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2885-2890
Author(s):  
Pallavi S. Patil ◽  
Umesh B. Deshannavar
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Volatile Acidity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Total Alcohol

In the present study, four Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains S. cerevisiae (NCIM 3200), S. cerevisiae (NCIM 3045), S. cerevisiae (baker′s yeast) and S. cerevisiae (EC1118) have been used and compared for their capability to ferment sugars from the juice of sugarcane (of variety CO 86032) for production of sugarcane wine. The growth pattern of each strain was studied followed by the fermentation at optimized conditions such as pH and temperature. The strains′ potential to produce sugarcane wine has been compared in terms of their sugar consumption, alcohol production, titrable acidity and volatile acidity production with respect to permissible amounts given by Indian Regulations. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC1118) performed better in fermentation among other compared Saccharomyces strains at the optimum temperature of 28 ºC, optimum pH 5, total soluble solids of 18 ºBrix and total sugar content of 185 g/L. Analysis of sugarcane wine fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC1118) has pH, 3.57, total alcohol content, 13.55 ± 1.77 %, titrable acidity, 8.30 ± 0.01 g/L and volatile acidity, 0.84 ± 0.00 g/L. The overall acceptability from sensory analysis supports the above physico-chemical analysis results of sugarcane wine.

scholarly journals Effect of Co-Inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Content of Propan-2-ol, Acetaldehyde and Weak Acids in Fermented Distillery Mashes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1659
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pielech-Przybylska ◽  
Maria Balcerek ◽  
Grzegorz Ciepielowski ◽  
Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka ◽  
Łukasz Albrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Acetic Acid Content ◽  
Initial Ph

The qualitative and quantitative composition of volatile compounds in fermented distillery mash determines the quality of the obtained distillate of agricultural origin (i.e., raw spirit) and the effectiveness of further purification steps. Propan-2-ol (syn. isopropyl alcohol), due to its low boiling point, is difficult to remove by rectification. Therefore, its synthesis needs to be limited during fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, while at the same time controlling the levels of acetaldehyde and acetic acid, which are likewise known to determine the quality of raw spirit. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a common but undesirable contaminant in distillery mashes. They are responsible for the production of undesirable compounds, which can affect synthesis of propan-2-ol. Some bacteria strains are able to synthesize isopropyl alcohol. This study therefore set out to investigate whether LAB with S. cerevisiae yeast are responsible for conversion of acetone to propan-2-ol, as well as the effects of the amount of LAB inoculum and fermentation parameters (pH and temperature) on the content of isopropyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, lactic acid and acetic acid in fermented mashes. The results of NMR and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF MS) analysis confirmed the ability of the yeast and LAB strains to metabolize acetone via its reduction to isopropyl alcohol. Efficient fermentation of distillery mashes was observed in all tested mashes with an initial LAB count of 3.34–6.34 log cfu/mL, which had no significant effect on the ethanol content. However, changes were observed in the contents of by-products. Lowering the initial pH of the mashes to 4.5, without and with LAB (3.34–4.34 log cfu/mL), resulted in a decrease in propan-2-ol and a concomitant increase in acetaldehyde content, while a higher pH (5.0 and 5.5) increased the content of propan-2-ol and decreased acetaldehyde content. Higher temperature (35 °C) promoted propan-2-ol synthesis and also resulted in increased acetic acid content in the fermented mashes compared to the controls. Moreover, the acetic acid content rose with increases in the initial pH and the initial LAB count.

scholarly journals Functional expression of the lactate permease Jen1p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Pichia pastoris

2003 ◽  
Vol 376 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel SOARES-SILVA ◽  
Dorit SCHULLER ◽  
Raquel P. ANDRADE ◽  
Fátima BALTAZAR ◽  
Fernanda CÁSSIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Vesicle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Methanol Induction

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the activity for the lactate–proton symporter is dependent on JEN1 gene expression. Pichia pastoris was transformed with an integrative plasmid containing the JEN1 gene. After 24 h of methanol induction, Northern and Western blotting analyses indicated the expression of JEN1 in the transformants. Lactate permease activity was obtained in P. pastoris cells with a Vmax of 2.1 nmol·s−1·mg of dry weight−1. Reconstitution of the lactate permease activity was achieved by fusing plasma membranes of P. pastoris methanol-induced cells with Escherichia coli liposomes containing cytochrome c oxidase, as proton-motive force. These assays in reconstituted heterologous P. pastoris membrane vesicles demonstrate that S. cerevisiae Jen1p is a functional lactate transporter. Moreover, a S. cerevisiae strain deleted in the JEN1 gene was transformed with a centromeric plasmid containing JEN1 under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase constitutive promotor. Constitutive JEN1 expression and lactic acid uptake were observed in cells grown on either glucose and/or acetic acid. The highest Vmax (0.84 nmol·s−1·mg of dry weight−1) was obtained in acetic acid-grown cells. Thus overexpression of the S. cerevisiae JEN1 gene in both S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris cells resulted in increased activity of lactate transport when compared with the data previously reported in lactic acid-grown cells of native S. cerevisiae strains. Jen1p is the only S. cerevisiae secondary porter characterized so far by heterologous expression in P. pastoris at both the cell and the membrane-vesicle levels.

scholarly journals AGRITECH

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
mulono apriyanto bin sugeng rijanto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Lactobacillus Lactis

Perbaikan Proses Fermentasi Biji Kakao Non Fermentasi dengan Penambahan Biakan Murni Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus lactis, dan Acetobacter aceti

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document