scholarly journals Relationship of the vegetation management of coppice forest and life history strategy of forest understory plants.

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 359-366
Author(s):  
Kenji Fukada ◽  
Akira Kameyama ◽  
Gaku Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Coppice Forest ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Observations on metamorphosing tadpoles of Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Anura: Centrolenidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Isabel Byrne ◽  
Robyn Thomson ◽  
Rory Thomson ◽  
Duncan Murray-Uren ◽  
J. Roger Downie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Anuran Amphibians ◽  
Understory Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Life

Observations on metamorphosing tadpoles of Hyalinobatrachium orientale (Anura: Centrolenidae). Metamorphosis, when anuran amphibians resorb their tails and remodel their mouthparts and internal organs, is a vulnerable stage in the frog’s life history. As larvae metamorphose from tadpoles to adult frogs, they are neither suited to aquatic life nor ready for active terrestrial life. Previous studies have examined the duration of metamorphosis in a range of species, with respect to tadpole size, habitat, and other factors; however, the duration of metamorphosis relative to where it takes place has not been reported in centrolenids. In Hyalinobatrachium orientale, metamorphosis takes place on the upper surfaces of the leaves of low understory plants and lasts 3.5–4.0 days, a little longer than expected for the tadpole of this body size. Metamorphs seem to shift their perches from leaf to leaf randomly. There are no significant differences in the temperature or relative humidity of the upper and lower surfaces of leaves in the forest understory; thus, the presence of the metamorphs on the upper surfaces of leaves may provide moisture from the upper story vegetation after rain and protect them from terrestrial predators.

Human life history

2015 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adaptive Role

Human life-history patterns are characterized by slow maturation, long parental dependency, longevity, and low number of offspring. These developmental peculiarities determine the amount of parental investment in offspring and mating effort, and assign an adaptive role to postmenopausal women. Hence evolution has produced specific adaptations pertaining to the relationship of human infants with their primary caregivers, subsumed under the term ‘attachment’. The way attachment patterns or ‘styles’ develop during early infancy coin the child’s view of the world in terms of the emotional availability and trustworthiness of others. Harsh environmental conditions during infancy promote insecure attachment styles and a ‘faster’ life-history strategy, including earlier sexual maturation and sexual activity and less parental investment in own offspring. The opposite is more likely to emerge when children grow up in secure conditions with responsive and emotionally available caregivers. These developmental trajectories have profound implications for social interaction and stress-regulation abilities.

The biogeography of human diversity in life history strategy.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
Steven C. Hertler ◽  
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Human Diversity

Experimentally increased costs of parental care are shunted to offspring in species with extended care

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Trade Offs

Biparental care systems are a valuable model to examine conflict, cooperation, and coordination between unrelated individuals, as the product of the interactions between the parents influences the fitness of both individuals. A common experimental technique for testing coordinated responses to changes in the costs of parental care is to temporarily handicap one parent, inducing a higher cost of providing care. However, dissimilarity in experimental designs of these studies has hindered interspecific comparisons of the patterns of cost distribution between parents and offspring. Here we apply a comparative experimental approach by handicapping a parent at nests of five bird species using the same experimental treatment. In some species, a decrease in care by a handicapped parent was compensated by its partner, while in others the increased costs of care were shunted to the offspring. Parental responses to an increased cost of care primarily depended on the total duration of care that offspring require. However, life history pace (i.e., adult survival and fecundity) did not influence parental decisions when faced with a higher cost of caring. Our study highlights that a greater attention to intergenerational trade-offs is warranted, particularly in species with a large burden of parental care. Moreover, we demonstrate that parental care decisions may be weighed more against physiological workload constraints than against future prospects of reproduction, supporting evidence that avian species may devote comparable amounts of energy into survival, regardless of life history strategy.

scholarly journals Genome size variation in deep-sea amphipods

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 170862 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ritchie ◽  
A. J. Jamieson ◽  
S. B. Piertney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Independent Contrast

Genome size varies considerably across taxa, and extensive research effort has gone into understanding whether variation can be explained by differences in key ecological and life-history traits among species. The extreme environmental conditions that characterize the deep sea have been hypothesized to promote large genome sizes in eukaryotes. Here we test this supposition by examining genome sizes among 13 species of deep-sea amphipods from the Mariana, Kermadec and New Hebrides trenches. Genome sizes were estimated using flow cytometry and found to vary nine-fold, ranging from 4.06 pg (4.04 Gb) in Paralicella caperesca to 34.79 pg (34.02 Gb) in Alicella gigantea . Phylogenetic independent contrast analysis identified a relationship between genome size and maximum body size, though this was largely driven by those species that display size gigantism. There was a distinct shift in the genome size trait diversification rate in the supergiant amphipod A. gigantea relative to the rest of the group. The variation in genome size observed is striking and argues against genome size being driven by a common evolutionary history, ecological niche and life-history strategy in deep-sea amphipods.

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