scholarly journals A PLANNING MODEL USING FUZZY LINEAR PROGRAMMING FOR REPLACEMENT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONSIDERING UNCERTAINTY OF FUTURE WATER DEMAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. II_113-II_119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki MORI ◽  
Toyono INAKAZU ◽  
Akira KOIZUMI ◽  
Haruhiko WATANABE ◽  
Yasuhiro ARAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Programming ◽  
Planning Model

scholarly journals A bottom-up approach of stochastic demand allocation in water quality modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. M. Blokker ◽  
J. H. G. Vreeburg ◽  
H. Beverloo ◽  
M. Klein Arfman ◽  
J. C. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution System ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Patterns

Abstract. An "all pipes" hydraulic model of a drinking water distribution system was constructed with two types of demand allocations. One is constructed with the conventional top-down approach, i.e. a demand multiplier pattern from the booster station is allocated to all demand nodes with a correction factor to account for the average water demand on that node. The other is constructed with a bottom-up approach of demand allocation, i.e., each individual home is represented by one demand node with its own stochastic water demand pattern. This was done for a drinking water distribution system of approximately 10 km of mains and serving ca. 1000 homes. The system was tested in a real life situation. The stochastic water demand patterns were constructed with the end-use model SIMDEUM on a per second basis and per individual home. Before applying the demand patterns in a network model, some temporal aggregation was done. The flow entering the test area was measured and a tracer test with sodium chloride was performed to determine travel times. The two models were validated on the total sum of demands and on travel times. The study showed that the bottom-up approach leads to realistic water demand patterns and travel times, without the need for any flow measurements or calibration. In the periphery of the drinking water distribution system it is not possible to calibrate models on pressure, because head losses are too low. The study shows that in the periphery it is also difficult to calibrate on water quality (e.g. with tracer measurements), as a consequence of the high variability between days. The stochastic approach of hydraulic modelling gives insight into the variability of travel times as an added feature beyond the conventional way of modelling.

Optimized operation of water distribution system using multipurpose fuzzy LP model

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Arai ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
T. Inakazu ◽  
A. Masuko ◽  
S. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Programming ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Reducing Energy

This research is aimed at multiple-objective optimization of water operations in a water supply and distribution system. These objectives include reducing energy use while at the same time meeting water quality needs. The first objective is to propose water operations aimed at minimizing energy consumption. The second is to optimize water supply and distribution from the standpoint of water quality based on total organic carbon and the third is to attempt optimization that satisfies the first two objectives through multipurpose fuzzy linear programming (LP). This study mathematically formulates water operation planning issues focusing on reducing energy consumption and improving water quality in a water distribution system. Estimates show that a reduction in energy use of around 10% can be expected. Fuzzy LP is applied to achieve a balance among multiple objectives. The research demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed multipurpose optimization when applied to trade-offs in water operation.

Optimization of the city of Winnipeg water distribution system

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Terrence M. Miles ◽  
Barbara J. Lence
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The City

A simplified representation of the city of Winnipeg water distribution system is developed and a linear programming model is formulated to represent this system. Six scenarios of the linear programming model are analyzed to determine the most efficient operating policy when the objective functions vary from minimizing reservoir drawdowns to minimizing pumping. This analysis reveals that low total pumping values and low maximum pumping values can be obtained if storage at the inner-city reservoirs is utilized. It is also shown that the system cannot satisfy demand during high demand periods without drawing down the Deacon Reservoir. Key words: reservoirs, water distribution, optimization.

scholarly journals IoT-based water demand forecasting and distribution design for smart city

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kanthan Narayanan ◽  
Suresh Sankaranarayanan
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Water Demand Forecasting

Abstract The percentage of fresh water resource availability in the world is diminishing every year. According to a world economic forum survey, the increase in water demand will result in high scarcity globally in the next two decades. The eradication of the water demand increase and reducing the losses during the transportation of water is challenging. Thus accordingly, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based architecture integrated with Fog for underground water distribution system has been proposed. Towards designing an IoT water distribution architecture for a smart city, we need to first forecast the water demand for consumers. Hence, accordingly, water demand forecasting has been carried out on a daily basis for a period of three months as a case study using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and regression analysis. Based on water demand forecasting analysis, a water distribution design for an IoT-based architecture has been carried out using hydraulic engineering design for proper distribution of water with minimal losses which would result in the development of a smart water distribution system (SWDS). This has been carried out using EPANET.

Real Time Water Demand Estimation in Water Distribution System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Shang ◽  
James G. Uber ◽  
Bart G. van Bloemen Waanders ◽  
Dominic Boccelli ◽  
Robert Janke
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Demand Estimation

scholarly journals Water Demand Forecasting using Deep Learning in IoT Enabled Water Distribution Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Kanthan Narayanan ◽  
Suresh Sankaranarayanan ◽  
Joel J P C Rodrigues ◽  
Sergei Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Water Losses

Most of the water losses occur during water distribution in pipelines during transportation. In order to eradicate the losses, an “IoT based water distribution system” integrated with “Fog and Cloud Computing" proposed for water distribution and underground health monitoring of pipes. For developing an effective water distribution system based on Internet of Things (IoT), the demand of the consumer should be analysed. So, towards predicting the water demand for consumers, Deep learning methodology called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is compared with traditional Time Series methodology called Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) in terms of error and accuracy. Now based on demand prediction with higher accuracy, an IoT integrated “Water Distribution Network (WDN)” is designed using hydraulic engineering. This WDN design will ensure minimal losses during transportation and quality of water to the consumers. This will lead to development of a smart system for water distribution.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a municipal water distribution system using WaterCAD and Epanet

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Agunwamba ◽  
O. R. Ekwule ◽  
C. C. Nnaji
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Conveyance ◽  
Negative Pressures ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Population explosion in urban settings usually exerts enormous pressure on existing water supply systems. The result is that overall water demand is usually not satisfied. This study evaluated the performance of Wadata sub-zone water distribution system with respect to pressure, velocity, hydraulic head loss and nodal demands using WaterCAD and Epanet. There was no statistical difference between the results of Epanet and WaterCAD, however, Epanet produced slightly higher results of pressure and velocity in about 60% of all cases examined. About 19 percent (18.52%) of the total number of nodes analyzed had negative pressures while 69 percent (69%) of the nodes had pressures less than the adopted pressure for the analysis. These negative pressures indicate that there is inadequate head within the distribution network for water conveyance to all the sections. About 88 percent (87.7%) of flow velocities in the pipes were within the adopted velocity while around 12 percent (12.3%) of the velocities exceeded the adopted velocity. These excess velocities are partly responsible for the leakages and pipe bursts observed at some points within the system. The results in this study revealed that the performance of the water distribution system of Wadata sub-zone under current demand is inefficient.

scholarly journals Flexible and deterministic household water saving under water demand uncertainty: existing water distribution system and sanitary sewer perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Basupi
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Household Water

Abstract An integrated method that evaluates conflicting hydraulic performances of water distribution systems (WDSs) and sanitary sewers (SSs) considering water-saving schemes (WSSs) under fixed (deterministic) or uncertain water demands was formulated. WSSs considered include household water-saving fixtures and appliances whose water flows impact water distribution system (WDS) and sanitary sewer (SS) hydraulic performances in different ways. In the proposed flexible approach, a multi-objective optimisation problem was formulated and solved considering trade-offs of three objectives: (1) maximisation of the average cost savings (2) maximisation of the average WDS resilience index and (3) minimisation of the average SS self-cleansing velocity deficit factor. The decision variables include water-saving fixture and appliance capacities that are applied in a deterministic or flexible manner at a household level. The constraints include WDS and SS hydraulic requirements together with decision bounds of the available water-saving scheme capacities. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm was used to obtain trade-off solutions. This method was demonstrated in the corresponding WDS and SS network subsystems of Tsholofelo extension in Gaborone, Botswana. The results indicate that WSSs lead to visibly conflicting WDS and SS hydraulic performances. Moreover, considering uncertainty inherent in water demand and the corresponding planning and management of WDSs and SSs provides more sustainable solutions as demand uncertainties unveil.

scholarly journals Testing the Robustness of Two Water Distribution System Layouts under Changing Drinking Water Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 05016003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Agudelo-Vera ◽  
Mirjam Blokker ◽  
Jan Vreeburg ◽  
Henk Vogelaar ◽  
Sanne Hillegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System
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