Optimization of the city of Winnipeg water distribution system

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Terrence M. Miles ◽  
Barbara J. Lence
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The City

A simplified representation of the city of Winnipeg water distribution system is developed and a linear programming model is formulated to represent this system. Six scenarios of the linear programming model are analyzed to determine the most efficient operating policy when the objective functions vary from minimizing reservoir drawdowns to minimizing pumping. This analysis reveals that low total pumping values and low maximum pumping values can be obtained if storage at the inner-city reservoirs is utilized. It is also shown that the system cannot satisfy demand during high demand periods without drawing down the Deacon Reservoir. Key words: reservoirs, water distribution, optimization.

Microbiological safety of a small water distribution system: evaluating potentially pathogenic bacteria using advanced sequencing techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Batista ◽  
P. Meynet ◽  
G. P. P. Garcia ◽  
S. A. V. Costa ◽  
J. C. Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Intermediate Point ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
The City

Abstract This study evaluated the microbiological safety of the water distribution system of a city in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), population 120,000 inhabitants. During the study, the city suffered a severe drought that had a significant impact on water availability and quality in the river that supplies water to the city. Samples (2 liters) were collected from the distribution system over a period of six months, which included wet and dry months, from three points: the point with the lowest altitude in the distribution network, the farthest point from the water treatment works, and an intermediate point. Free chlorine was measured in situ using a Hach kit. DNA was extracted using a FastDNA Spin Kit Soil (Qbiogene). Advanced sequencing techniques (Ion Torrent) were used to identify and quantify the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria present in the samples. Coliforms and Escherichia coli, indicators currently used worldwide to assess microbiological safety of drinking water, were measured on all samples using an enzyme substrate method (ONPG-MUG Colilert®). Next generation sequencing results retrieved 16SrRNA sequences of E. coli and some potentially pathogenic bacteria, even in the presence of free chlorine. Operational taxonomic units related to pathogenic bacteria were present in all samples from the drinking water distribution system (DWS) and, in general, at high relative abundance (up to 5%). A total of 19 species related to bacterial pathogens were detected. Inadequate operational practices that could affect the microbiological safety of the DWS were identified and discussed. The current paper is the first to evaluate the community of potentially pathogenic bacteria in a real DWS.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of the Water Distribution System of the City of Messina Through Sustainability Indices

10.29007/sr9c ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Borzì ◽  
Brunella Bonaccorso ◽  
Giuseppe Tito Aronica
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Local Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Sustainability Indices

The main purpose of this study is to assess the performance of the water distribution system (WDS) of the city of Messina (Italy) under different management scenarios that can be operated by the local water utility, AMAM S.p.A. To this end, a methodology is here applied for determining sustainability indices for pressure in WDS. The sustainability indices are based upon performance criteria including reliability, resiliency and vulnerability. In particular, six different scenarios are analyzed and the results are compared in order to identify possible solutions to increase sustainability in WDS.

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