Tracking the formation of the gradient part of the southeastern Baltic Sea cold intermediate layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
N. Stepanova ◽  
A. Mizyuk
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Cold Intermediate Layer

scholarly journals On contribution of horizontal and intra-layer convection to the formation of the Baltic Sea cold intermediate layer

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-623
Author(s):  
I. P. Chubarenko ◽  
N. Y. Demchenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cold Intermediate Layer ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Fast Increase

Abstract. Seasonal cascades down the coastal slopes and intra-layer convection are considered as the two mechanisms contributing to the Baltic Sea cold intermediate layer (CIL) formation. On the base of TS-diagrams, mean-annual and real-time temperature profiles, the CIL features are re-analyzed. The presence within the CIL of water with temperature below that of maximum density (Tmd) and that at the local surface allows tracing its formation. Field measurements are presented, showing specific features of denser water formation in marine environment. It is argued that such cascades formed during early spring heating (March–April) – before reaching the Tmd – are the source of the coldest waters of the CIL. Fast increase of the open water heat content during further spring heating indicates that horizontal exchange rather than direct solar heating is responsible for that. When the surface is covered with water, heated above the Tmd, the conditions within the CIL become favorable for intralayer convection due to the presence of waters of Tmd in intermediate layer, which can explain the observed increase of its salinity and deepening with time.

scholarly journals On contribution of horizontal and intra-layer convection to the formation of the Baltic Sea cold intermediate layer

Ocean Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chubarenko ◽  
N. Demchenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cold Intermediate Layer ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Seasonal cascades down the coastal slopes and intra-layer convection are considered as the two additional mechanisms contributing to the Baltic Sea cold intermediate layer (CIL) formation along with conventional seasonal vertical mixing. Field measurements are presented, reporting for the first time the possibility of denser water formation and cascading from the Baltic Sea underwater slopes, which take place under fall and winter cooling conditions and deliver waters into intermediate layer of salinity stratified deep-sea area. The presence in spring within the CIL of water with temperature below that of maximum density (Tmd) and that at the local surface in winter time allows tracing its formation: it is argued that the source of the coldest waters of the Baltic CIL is early spring (March–April) cascading, arising due to heating of water before reaching the Tmd. Fast increase of the open water heat content during further spring heating indicates that horizontal exchange rather than direct solar heating is responsible for that. When the surface is covered with water, heated above the Tmd, the conditions within the CIL become favorable for intralayer convection due to the presence of waters of Tmd in intermediate layer, which can explain its well-known features – the observed increase of its salinity and deepening with time.

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