COVID Smell Tracker: A research-based mobile application to study smell loss in subjects with COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aykut Unsal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Smell Loss

BACKGROUND Smell loss has been an established symptom of the novel coronavirus. Despite this, the risk factors associated with potential smell loss has not been clearly established. An app was developed and utilized to collect demographics and subjective otolaryngology symptoms from volunteers across the world in order to determine outcomes and risk factors as it pertains specifically to anosmia. OBJECTIVE COVID Smell Tracker” is a smart phone application (app) developed to elucidate the onset, duration and risk factors associated with COVID-related smell loss. METHODS The app is publicly available on smartphone devices (www.covidsmelltracker.org). Users complete surveys around demographics, medical history, COVID status and symptomology. Deidentified responses were collated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Of the 266 users included, the majority were located in Europe (43%) and North America (33%). Male, Caucasian users were most common (54.9% and 61.7% respectively), followed by Indian (10.5%) and Latino (9.4%). The majority of users reported no COVID testing (63%). 164 users reported COVID-related symptoms, and 57% of them reported olfactory dysfunction. User whom were younger age (p = 0.0003) and with type A and B blood types (p = 0.021) experienced smell loss at higher frequencies. Dysgeusia was associated with 28-34% of patients with concomitant smell loss, versus 6%-9% in users without. Smell loss was described ass “sudden” (63%), occurring on average 3 days following the onset of any other symptom. Of those that reported resolution of their smell loss, 50% resolved in 1 week, with 75% resolution reported within 1 month. CONCLUSIONS The results herein correlate with other established COVID-related studies, despite relying on purely volunteered data from participants from around the world. This is the first study to suggest an association of age and blood type with smell loss, and requires further investigation. Mobile app use offers a novel method for safe, remote and granular insight into those suffering from infectious diseases like COVID-19.

India Goes Digital..Smartphone is the New Shopping Destination

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Shankar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
User Friendly

Despite being in nascent stage m-commerce is gaining momentum in India. The explosive growth of smart-phone users has made India much loved business destination for whole world. Indian internet user is becoming the second largest in the world next to China surpassing US, which throws open plenty of e-commerce opportunities, not only for Indian players, offshore players as well. Mobile commerce is likely to overtake e-commerce in the next few years, spurred by the continued uptrend in online shopping and increasing use of mobile apps.The optimism comes from the fact that people accessing the Internet through their mobiles had jumped 33 per cent in 2014 to 173 million and is expected to grow 21 per cent year-on-year till 2019 to touch 457 million. e-Commerce brands are eyeing on the mobile app segment by developing user-friendly and secure mobile apps offering a risk-free and easy shopping experience to its users. Budget 4G smart phones coupled with affordable plans, can very well drive 4G growth in India.

Activities and risk factors associated with fall-related injuries among US Army soldiers

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001564
Author(s):  
Raina D Brooks ◽  
T Grier ◽  
B H Jones ◽  
M C Chervak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Near Falls ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Army Soldiers

IntroductionFalls/near falls are the second leading cause of hospitalisation and outpatient visits among US Army soldiers. While numerous studies have evaluated fall-related or near fall-related injuries among elderly adults, few have evaluated this association among young adults. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among male US Army soldiers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of male US Army Airborne Division soldiers (n=5187). Electronic surveys captured demographic, lifestyle, physical training (PT), fitness and injury data during spring/summer of 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of fall-related or near fall-related injuries, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPrimary findings indicated that activities and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among soldiers included younger age (≤35 years), holding a job that required minimal lifting activities, slower 2-mile run times and not running during personal PT.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that male US Army soldiers and other physically active men may benefit from (1) obtaining and/or maintaining higher aerobic endurance and muscular strength, and (2) training focused on preventing fall-related injuries during PT, road marching and sports/recreational activities. Moreover, prevention strategies and education should further target younger soldiers (≤35 years old), as younger age is not modifiable.

Cervical insufficiency: a noteworthy disease with controversies

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Mengnan Li ◽  
Huijing Ma ◽  
Hailan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Recurrent Pregnancy Losses ◽  
Recurrent Abortions

AbstractCervical insufficiency (CI) is a mainly disease leading to recurrent abortions and preterm birth which may present in about 1% of obstetric populations. Recurrent pregnancy losses caused by CI incur serious economic burdens on society as well as huge psychological burdens to family members. However, many patients even clinicians in some areas of the world still remain confused about this disease. At the same time, the etiology of CI is still uncertain and it is still a controversial disease in diagnosis and treatment. This article summarizes the potential risk factors associated with CI, which could be worthy of attention and helpful for future research. It also reviews the methods for diagnosis and treatment of CI to better understand this noteworthy disease, as well as presents the related consensus and controversies according to the newly updated guidelines, which has practical significance for conducting more in-depth investigations in the future.

Prevalence of and factors associated with insufficient physical activity among adolescents: evidence from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Md Mokbul Hossain ◽  
Fahmida Akter ◽  
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif ◽  
Md Showkat Ali Khan ◽  
Abu Ahmed Shamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization set a target of a 15% relative reduction in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there are no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Data for 4865 adolescent girls and 4907 adolescent boys, collected as a part of a National Nutrition Surveillance in 2018–19, were analysed for this study. A modified version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to collect physical activity data. The World Health Organization recommended cut-off points were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Prevalences of IPA among adolescent girls and boys were 50.3% and 29.0%, respectively, and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents (15–19 years) among both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was highest among adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.7%; boys: 64.1%). For both boys and girls, younger age, non-slum urban residence, higher paternal education and increased television viewing time were significantly associated with IPA. Additionally, residing in slums was significantly associated with IPA only among the boys. Higher maternal education was associated with IPA only among the girls. This study identified several modifiable risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. These factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions to promote physical activity among adolescent girls and boys.

Predictors of progression in untreated keratoconus: a Save Sight Keratoconus Registry study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317547
Author(s):  
Alex Ferdi ◽  
Vuong Nguyen ◽  
Himal Kandel ◽  
Jeremy C K Tan ◽  
Francisco Arnalich-Montiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Registry Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

AimsWe set out to identify risk factors for progression in untreated keratoconus patients from 34 centres across Australia, New Zealand, Spain and Italy.MethodsPatients were divided into ‘progressors’ and ‘stable’ patients for each clinical parameter: visual acuity (VA), steepest keratometry (maximum keratometry (Max-K)) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT). Primary outcomes were the proportion of eyes with sustained progression in VA, Max-K or TCT within 3 years. Secondary outcomes included predictors of progression.ResultsThere were 3994 untreated eyes from 2283 patients. The proportion of eyes with VA, Max-K and TCT progression at 1 year were 3.2%, 6.6% and 3.1% respectively. Factors associated with VA loss were higher baseline VA (HR 1.15 per logMAR line increase in VA; p<0.001) and steeper baseline Max-K (HR 1.07 per 1D increase; p<0.001). Younger baseline age was associated with Max-K steepening (HR 0.96 per year older; p=0.001). Thicker baseline TCT, steeper baseline Max-K and younger baseline age were associated with TCT thinning: (HR 1.08 per 10 µm increase in TCT; p<0.001), (HR 1.03 per 1D increase; p=0.02) and (HR 0.98 per year younger; p=0.01), respectively.ConclusionsSteeper Max-K and younger age were the most clinically useful baseline predictors of progression as they were associated with worsening of two clinical parameters. Every 1D steeper Max-K was associated with a 7% and 3% greater risk of worsening VA and thinning TCT, respectively. Each 1 year younger was associated with a 4% and 2% greater risk of steepening Max-K and thinning TCT, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight babies-a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Gurunathan Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World

Background: Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams, irrespective of the period of their gestation are termed as low birth weight (LBW) babies. Despite consistent efforts to improve the quality of maternal and child health, more than twenty million LBW babies are born every year throughout the world. The present study was to explore the effects of various maternal risk factors associated with low birth-weight of institutionally delivered newborns. Across the world, neonatal mortality is 20 times more likely for LBW babies compared to normal birth weight (NBW) babies (>2.5 kg).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai from December 2019 to October 2020. Altogether 350 babies were taken who were delivered at ACS hospital.Results: The number of times of ANC attendance was also significantly associated with LBW, odds ratio (OR)=1.296, and p=0.001. The number of meals was not associated with LBW OR=0.946, and p=0.831. The gestational age assessed as completed weeks of pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW OR=3.302; p=0.00001.Conclusions: This study suggests that there are several factors interplaying which lead to LBW babies. Socio-demographic factors (maternal age and gestational age) and antenatal care are more important.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for human leptospirosis in a rural district of Pelotas, a city in southernmost Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e6429108903
Author(s):  
Gilmar Batista Machado ◽  
Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas Neto ◽  
Tanise Pacheco Fortes ◽  
Caroline Dewes ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
The World ◽  
Synanthropic Rodents

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world. In humans, the disease is responsible for more than a million cases annually. The purpose of this study was to assess human seroprevalence to leptospirosis in a rural community of southernmost Brazil. Furthermore, we assess possible epidemiological cues associated with seroprevalence. A total of 216 individuals were enrolled in the study. With an overall seroprevalence of 21.3% (n=46), to at least one of the 12 antigens tested. Seroreactivity was associated with 13 of the investigated cues, including those associated with the individuals, their behavior, environment, domestic animals, and synanthropic rodents. While seroprevalence was not particularly high when compared to other studies in similar populations, some of the risk factors associated with the disease are easy to circumvent, and indications for policymakers and future studies are made within.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Diabetes Among Comorbidities: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Perihan Gurbuz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The world has been facing a novel coronavirus, COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020. Until the end of May, 5.9 million confirmed cases and 350.000 deaths have been reported. Diabetes, as a prevalent chronic disease is known to be a risk factor for infection onset and disease severity. In this study, a systematic review has been planned to determine the relation between COVID-19 and diabetes among other comorbidities. For this aim, 564 researches have been determined about the topic and 48 of them have been evaluated in the review. The researches have been done with 91.172 COVID-19 patients, and diabetes ratio among the researches differ from 3.3% to 40%. Besides, age, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, smoking status, and respiratory diseases have been evaluated in the review as common comorbidities. As a result of the study, diabetes and hypertension have been determined to be important risk factors in COVID-19 onset and severity. However, further detailed multidisciplinary researches about COVID-19, diabetes and comorbidities will be valuable in the COVID-19 pandemic process and future aspects.

scholarly journals Risk factors for illness severity in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Hairong Zhang ◽  
Yanhua Tang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Aiying Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Disease Hospital ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background Although COVID-19 pneumonia is spreading internationally, knowledge regarding the factors associated with the illness severity of patients remains limited. We aimed to identify the factors associated with the disease severity of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia induced by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods We prospectively enrolled a single-center case series of adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Infectious Disease Hospital of Jining, Jining City, Shandong Province, China, from January 24 to March 1, 2020. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were compared to investigate the risk factors related with the disease severity of COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Results We included a total of 78 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, of whom 6 had the severe type. As compared to a moderately ill cohort, our analysis showed that shortness of breath, fatigue, neutrophil percentages > 70%, neutrophil counts > 6.3 × 10 9 /L, lymphocyte percentages < 20%, lymphocyte counts < 1.0 × 10 9 /L, platelet < 100 × 10 9 /L, C-reactive protein (CRP) > 10 mg/L, neutrophil to platelet ratio (NPR) > 2.3, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 3.9, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 40 U/L, albumin < 40 g/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 245 U/L, and glucose > 6.1 mmol/L were predictors of disease severity in COVID-19 pneumonia. In the sex-, age-, and comorbid illness-matched case-control study, neutrophil percentages > 70%, neutrophil counts > 6.3 × 10 9 /L, lymphocyte percentages < 20%, NPR > 2.3, NLR > 3.9, albumin < 40 g/L, and LDH > 245 U/L remained associated with the early detection and identification of severe patients. Conclusion We demonstrated that neutrophil percentages > 70%, neutrophil counts > 6.3×10 9 /L, lymphocyte percentages < 20%, NPR > 2.3, NLR > 3.9, albumin < 40 g/L, and LDH > 245 U/L might predict the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

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