scholarly journals Targeting Cerebrovascular Health Needs among Minority Populations at Risk of Urban Flooding: Prospective Observational Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Noser ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Mohammad H Rahbar ◽  
Anjail Z Sharrief ◽  
Andrew D Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Health Screenings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebrovascular Health ◽  
Race Ethnicity

BACKGROUND Social inequities affecting minority populations after Hurricane Katrina led to an expansion of environmental justice literature. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey rainfall was estimated as a 3,000 to 20,000 year event. To address dual concerns of urban flooding and disproportionate stroke prevalence among minorities, Stomp out Stroke, a patient-centered community outreach intervention, focused on improving knowledge of race/ethnicity specific healthcare needs. OBJECTIVE Our study addressed social inequities in minority cerebrovascular health through (1) the identification of race/ethnicity specific healthcare needs and (2) the provision of structured stroke prevention screening during two annual community engagement events (May 2018 and May 2019). METHODS Stomp out Stroke registrant surveys (age>18 years) detailed sociodemographic characteristics, family history of stroke and stroke survivorship. Participant healthcare interests’ were assessed. Comparisons by race/ethnicity [Asian, African-American(AA), Hispanic or non-Hispanic White (NHW)] were conducted using Kruskal-Wallis or Chi-square test. P < 0.05 equaled a statistically significant difference between >2 groups. RESULTS A total of 1401 people registered for Stomp out Stroke. Registrants were 70% female, median age 45 years. Participants largely self-identified as members of minority groups - 32% Hispanic, 26% AA, 14% Asian compared to 24%NHW. Stroke survivors comprised 11% of our population (n=155), 124 stroke caregivers participated. Approximately 37% of participants had a family history of stroke (n=493). AAs were most likely to have Medicare/Medicaid insurance (24.6%); Hispanics were most likely to be uninsured (29.2%). Hispanics were more likely than NHW to obtain health screenings (62.8 vs 52.9%; P=0.03). Asian and AAs were more likely to request stroke education than NHWs or Hispanics (55 or 56% vs 41.7 or 43%). AAs were more likely to seek overall health education than NHWs (46.2 vs 32.65%; P<0.01). NHWs were less likely than AAs or Asians to speak to healthcare providers (14.5 vs 25.3 or 28.3%). During the 2018 and 2019 events, 2774 Health Screenings were completed. These screenings included Blood Pressure (n=1031, 37.2%), Stroke Risk Assessment (n=496, 17.9%), Bone Density (n=426, 15.4%), Carotid Ultrasound (n=380, 13.7%) , Body Mass Index (n=182, 6.5%), Serum Lipids (n=157, 5.6%) and Hemoglobin A1C (n=102, 3.7%). CONCLUSIONS Stomp out Stroke identified race/ethnicity specific healthcare needs and provided appropriate screenings to minority populations at increased risk of urban flooding and stroke. This community engagement protocol can be replicated in Southern US “Stroke Belt” cities (New Orleans LA, Charleston SC, Savannah GA) with similar flood risk.

scholarly journals Reported neighborhood traffic and the odds of asthma/asthma like symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis of a multi-racial cohort of children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Commodore ◽  
Pamela Ferguson ◽  
Brian Neelon ◽  
Roger Newman ◽  
William Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family History ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Environmental Air Pollution

Abstract Background: Respiratory symptoms and asthma in children pose a significant clinical and public health burden. Our aim was to examine exposures to environmental air pollution in relation to asthma and related symptoms in a multi-racial cohort of children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis evaluating the association between reported neighborhood traffic (a proxy for traffic-related air pollution) and asthma among 855 children aged 4 to 8 years old who participated in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort. The primary outcome, asthma/asthma like symptoms (defined as current and/or past physician diagnosed asthma, past wheezing, or nighttime cough or wheezing in the past 12 months), was assessed by parental report via questionnaire. The relationship between the primary exposure and asthma/asthma like symptoms was examined using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of asthma/asthma like symptoms was 23%. Fifteen percent of parents responded “Agree” or “Strongly Agree” to the question, “There is so much traffic along the streets that it makes it difficult or dangerous to walk with my child in my neighborhood” (n=129/855). Children whose parents had affirmed significant neighborhood traffic had a higher odds of having asthma/asthma like symptoms than children without significant neighborhood traffic [adjusted OR=1.78 (95% CI: 1.10, 2.88)] after controlling for child’s race-ethnicity, age, sex, maternal education level, family history of asthma, presence of play equipment in the home environment, public parks in the neighborhood and obesity. Other factors significantly associated with asthma/asthma like symptoms were: non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity [OR=2.53 (95% CI: 1.43, 4.50)] and [OR=2.25 (95% CI: 1.28, 3.94), respectively, vs. non-Hispanic White referent], play equipment in the home environment or backyard [OR=1.60 (95% CI: 1.09, 2.35)], obese status [OR=2.54 (95% CI: 1.55, 4.17)], male sex [OR=1.53 (1.06, 2.22)] and family history of asthma [OR=3.19 (2.20, 4.64)]. Conclusions: Reported neighborhood traffic, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity, male sex, play equipment within the home environment, obesity, and family history of asthma were associated with greater odds for asthma/asthma like symptoms. Further characterization of neighborhood traffic patterns is needed, since many children live near this source of environmental air pollution and significant racial/ethnic disparities exist.

Parental Knowledge and Attitudes About Universal Lipid Screening Among Children Aged 9 to 11 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Leah Kern ◽  
Lisa Eichberger ◽  
Helen Wang ◽  
Tuo Lin ◽  
Kyung E. Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Graduate Degree ◽  
College Graduate ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Cholesterol Screening ◽  
Lipid Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

Nationally recommended universal lipid screening (ULS) in children aged 9 to 11 years is low. Little is known about parents’ understanding of screening. We conducted a survey exploring parental knowledge and attitudes regarding ULS. Of 91 parent respondents, 81.3% were female, 69.2% were non-Hispanic white, 90.1% had a college/graduate degree, and 63.7% had a family history of abnormal cholesterol. Overall, 45.5% agreed that ULS should be done for all children, 30.8% disagreed, and 23.1% were unsure. Parents’ support for ULS was significantly associated with their attitudes toward screening rather than their knowledge about cholesterol, family history of cardiovascular disease or abnormal cholesterol, age, race/ethnicity, or gender. Parents were less likely to agree that ULS should be done if they thought that cholesterol screening should be done based on a child’s health or family history rather than for all children ( P < .001), or if they thought that cholesterol screening was unnecessary ( P < .001).

scholarly journals THE ALZHEIMER’S PREVENTION REGISTRY: A LARGE INTERNET-BASED PARTICIPANT RECRUITMENT REGISTRY TO ACCELERATE REFERRALS TO ALZHEIMER’S-FOCUSED STUDIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J.B. Langbaum ◽  
N. High ◽  
J. Nichols ◽  
C. Kettenhoven ◽  
E.M. Reiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Ad Prevention

Background: Recruitment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-focused studies, particularly prevention studies, is challenging due to the public’s lack of awareness about study opportunities coupled with studies’ inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a high screen fail rate. Objectives: To develop an internet-based participant recruitment registry for efficiently and effectively raising awareness about AD-focused study opportunities and connecting potentially eligible volunteers to studies in their communities. Methods: Individuals age 18 and older are eligible to join the Alzheimer’s Prevention Registry (APR). Individuals provide first and last name, year of birth, country, and zip/postal code to join the APR; for questions regarding race, ethnicity, sex, family history of AD or other dementia, and diagnosis of cognitive impairment, individuals have the option to select “prefer not to answer.” The APR website maintains a list of recruiting studies and contacts members who have opted in by email when new studies are available for enrollment. Results: As of December 1, 2019, 346,661 individuals had joined the APR. Members had a mean age of 63.3 (SD 11.7) years and were predominately women (75%). 94% were cognitively unimpaired, 50% reported a family history of AD or other dementia, and of those who provided race, 76% were white. 39% joined the APR as a result of a paid social media advertisement. To date, the APR helped recruit for 82 studies. Conclusions: The APR is a large, internet-based participant recruitment registry designed to raise awareness about AD prevention research and connect members with enrolling studies in their communities. It has demonstrated the ability to recruit and engage a large number of highly motivated members and assist researchers in meeting their recruitment goals. Future publications will report on the effectiveness of APR for accelerating recruitment and enrollment into AD-focused studies.

Risk factors for gastric cancers in the United States: Variation by anatomic site and race/ethnicity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 189-189
Author(s):  
Haejin In ◽  
Patricia Friedmann ◽  
Srawani Sarkar ◽  
Bruce Rapkin ◽  
Philip E. Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Race Ethnicity

189 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a high mortality cancer in the US. Differences in risk factors by anatomic location and race/ethnicity have been suggested but remain understudied in the US population. Methods: The Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) is a prospective cohort study that collected data on 5 racial/ethnic groups [Whites (W), Blacks (B), Latino (L), Japanese-American (JA), and Hawaiian (HA)] from Hawaii and Los Angeles in 1993-1996. Participants completed a detailed baseline survey and were followed for development of incident cancer. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to identify GC risk factors by anatomic location (cardia, non-cardia) and by race/ethnicity. Results: Data from 192,626 participants was available. The cohort was 25% W, 17% B, 23% L, 28% JA, and 7% HA. During a median follow up of 20.3 years, 1,109 non-cardia and 201 cardia incident GCs were diagnosed. Older age (per year, non-cardia HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07-1.92; cardia HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.09), male sex (non-cardia HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8; cardia HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.1-4.4), and current (non-cardia HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.2, cardia HR 3.4, 95% CI 2.2-5.3) or former (non-cardia HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5; cardia HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-2.9) smoking were associated with both cancer types. Notably, race/ethnicity (ref W: B HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.0; L HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.3; JA HR 3.9, 95% CI 3.0-5.1; HA HR 3.9, 95% CI 2.8-5.5), foreign-born (ref: self & parents US born: HR 1.3 95% CI 1.1-1.7), and family history of GC (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.3) were associated with non-cardia GC. BMI ≥30 (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3), having ≥1 drink/week (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3), and being JA (ref W: HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9) were associated with cardia GC. Risk factors other than age differed by race/ethnicity for non-cardia GC. Male sex was a risk factor for B, L and JA only. Having less than a high school education was a risk factor for B and JA only, smoking a risk factor for L and JA only, and having diabetes a risk factor for B only. Being in the highest sodium intake quartile was a risk factor among W and HA. A family history of GC was a risk factor for W, L, and JA. Having foreign-born parents was a risk factor for W and being foreign-born was a risk factor for JA. Conclusions: GC risk factors differ between subtypes and, for non-cardia, between race/ethnic groups. These differences provide an insight into the etiology of GC and the disproportionate incidence rates in high-risk groups, potentially aiding in the design of targeted intervention strategies.

Language Onset and Concomitant Speech and Language Problems in Subgroups of Stutterers and Their Siblings

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. Seider ◽  
Keith L. Gladstien ◽  
Kenneth K. Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Negative Family History ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Onset

Time of language onset and frequencies of speech and language problems were examined in stutterers and their nonstuttering siblings. These families were grouped according to six characteristics of the index stutterer: sex, recovery or persistence of stuttering, and positive or negative family history of stuttering. Stutterers and their nonstuttering same-sex siblings were found to be distributed identically in early, average, and late categories of language onset. Comparisons of six subgroups of stutterers and their respective nonstuttering siblings showed no significant differences in the number of their reported articulation problems. Stutterers who were reported to be late talkers did not differ from their nonstuttering siblings in the frequency of their articulation problems, but these two groups had significantly higher frequencies of articulation problems than did stutterers who were early or average talkers and their siblings.

The role of a family history of adenocarcinomas in patients with Barrett oesophagus

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A442-A442
Author(s):  
P TSIBOURIS ◽  
M HENDRICKSE ◽  
P ISAACS
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barrett Oesophagus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document