Risk factors of Dengue fever in urban areas of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan- 2017 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Javed Awan ◽  
Ambreen Chaudhry ◽  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
Zeeshan Iqbal Baig ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Orbital Pain ◽  
Serotype Identification ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND During August 2017, an increased number of suspected dengue fever cases were reported in the hospitals of district Rawalpindi. A case control study was conducted to measure the extent of the outbreak, to determine the risk factors, and recommend preventive measures. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors and recommend control measures. METHODS A case was defined as an acute febrile illness with one or more of the following; retro-orbital pain, headache, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, and hemorrhage, confirmed with ELISA among residents of Rawalpindi district from 30th Aug- 30th Oct. 2017. All ELISA confirmed cases were recruited from the hospital. Age and sex matched controls were selected from the same community. Frequencies, univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using epi Info 7. RESULTS Total 373 cases were recruited. The mean age was 36±2.9 years (range:10-69yeras) and 75% were male. The most affected age group was 21-30 years (AR 40%) followed by 31-40 years (AR 23%). Two deaths were reported (CFR 0.53%). The most frequent signs/symptoms were; fever (100%), myalgia (86%) headache (86%), and retro-orbital pain (73%). Serotype identification carried out in 322 cases and DEN-2 was dominant (34%, n=126). Contact with a confirmed dengue case (OR 4.27, CI: 3.14-5.81, P<0.0001) and stored water in open containers at home (OR 2.04, CI: 1.53-2.73, P <0.0001) and travel to a dengue outbreak area (OR 2.88, CI: 2.12-3.92, P<0.0001) had higher odds while the use of mosquito repellents (OR 0.12, CI 0.09-0.18, P < 0.0001) and regular water supply at home (OR 0.03, CI: 0.02-0.04, P <0.0001) showed a protective effect. Geographical distribution was limited to densely populated areas and all the water samples were tested positive for dengue larvae. CONCLUSIONS Stored water in containers inside houses and subsequent mosquito breeding was the most probable cause of this outbreak. The study led to a recommendation to undertake activities to improve the use of repellents and remove sources of breeding (indoor uncovered stored water).

scholarly journals A STUDY OF CLINICAL FEATURES AND LABORATORY PROFILE OF DENGUE FEVER IN OUTPATIENT SETTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Reda Goweda ◽  
Ahmed Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orbital Pain

Dengue fever (DF) is one of the common mosquito-borne viral diseases. It is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.The aim to study the clinical and laboratory manifestations of serologically confirmed cases of DF in outpatient clinics.This cross-sectional study was carried out in outpatient setting. According to WHO criteria all patients above 14 years old who were suspected to have DF were tested by IgM dengue antibody test. Additionally all patients underwent history, clinical examination and investigation including complete blood count, liver function test and abdominal ultrasound. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Out of 126 patients presented with acute febrile illness, 71 (56.3%) had seroreactivity for dengue IgM antibodies. Fever, headache and muscloskeletal pain were the most common clinical presentation (100%). Decreased appetite (92.9%) , retro-orbital pain (78.8%)  and dizziness(64.7%) were the next common symptoms. 29(40.8%) had hepatomegally, 11 (15.4%) had splenomegally.Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed in 58(81.6%) and 53(74.6%) respectively. Lastly; Fever associated with headache, retro-orbital pain, along with thrombocytopenia and elevated liver transaminases should prompt a clinician on the possibility of DF. Increased community awareness and vector control measures need to be strengthened to reduce the burden of dengue cases.

Fourth Dengue Fever Outbreak Investigation in Ethiopia: A Case Control Study, July 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Sufa Gemechu ◽  
Yoseph Worku ◽  
Abebe Alemu ◽  
Zewdu Assefa Edea ◽  
Yohannis Dugasa Feyisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging vector born infectious disease caused by Dengue virus and it is now one of WHO reportable diseases. About 50 -200 million cases, 20,000 deaths occur annually. In Ethiopia the first outbreak of Dengue fever appeared in Dire Dawa city in 2013, where 9441 cases were recorded. The second Dengue fever outbreak occurred in Afar Region. Third and fourth was in Somali Region in Godey town, 2014 and 2015. In Godey town acute febrile illness cases of unknown cause become increased started from May 27, 2015. We investigated to identify risk factors of Dengue fever outbreak and commence control measures. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Godey town, Ethiopia from 8-22 July 2015. Cases were defined according to the WHO guideline and controls were individuals with no sign and symptoms living in the same town with cases. We recruited 50 cases and 100 controls in the study. Medical records and line lists were reviewed. Data were collected at household level using structured questionnaires. Twenty-four serum samples collected from cases. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Result: We identified 223 cases with 0 death, 116 (52%) were male. The mean age of cases was 25.8 years. Ten cases were positive for Dengue fever by PCR at national laboratory. Lack of formal education (AOR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.30-7.49), living with ill person (AOR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.22-6.52), open containers in household (AOR=3.6; 95%CI: 1.34-9.38) and presence of larvae in the water containers (AOR=5.4; 95%CI: 2.33-12.44) were risk factors for the outbreak. Conclusion: Poor household water handling, living with ill person and lack of formal education contributes for occurrence of Dengue fever outbreak in Godey town. Health education and all other interventions associated with use of water and sanitation needs to be part of long-term control of Dengue.

scholarly journals Autochthonous chikungunya and dengue fever outbreak in Mainland France, 2010-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Franke ◽  
S Giron ◽  
A Cochet ◽  
C Jeannin ◽  
I Leparc-Goffart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Autochthonous Transmission

Abstract Background Aedes albopictus, vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses, is implanted in mainland France, exposing to the risk of autochthonous transmission. Since 2006, epidemiological and entomological surveillance activities aim to prevent or limit the occurrence of autochthonous cases. We aimed to describe episodes of transmission and control measures implemented in order to reflect on surveillance activities. Methods We reviewed all publications and documents produced on autochthonous transmission episodes in France and surveillance protocols. We reviewed surveillance activities, investigation methods and control measures implemented. Results Between 2010 and 2018, eight episodes of autochthonous dengue fever transmission and three of chikungunya were recorded in mainland France. All of them occurred in the South east of France, between July and October, when vector density was the highest. Transmission areas were limited to single domestic houses located in discontinuous urban areas. Only two episodes happened in two distinct areas. Chikungunya episodes led to 31 cases and dengue fever episodes to 23 cases. Most cases were identified by door-to-door investigations set-up in transmission areas. We isolated serotypes 1 and 2 for dengue and East Central South Africa lineage for chikungunya in autochthonous cases. Adulticide vector control measures were effective in controlling transmission. Seven episodes of transmission were due to failure in identifying primary imported cases. Four episodes occurred because of the absence or the lack of vector controls measures around primary imported cases. Conclusions Surveillance activities, and autochthonous cases investigations, were effective in limiting the extent of transmission, but were highly demanding for surveillance actors. Identified causes of transmission highlight the need of regular awareness campaigns targeting physicians and biologists. Key messages Effectiveness of the surveillance system of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, and autochthonous cases investigations. Needs of awareness and training courses targeting health professionals to the risk represented by these viruses.

scholarly journals Clinico- Serological Profile and Geographical Distribution of Dengue Fever from a Tertiary Care Hospital, South India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morubagal Raghavendra Rao ◽  
Rashmi Padmanabha Mahale ◽  
Sowmya Shivappa ◽  
Vidyavathi B. Chitharagi ◽  
Ranjitha S. Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Geographical Maps

Dengue fever is one of the common viral illnesses linked with significant morbidity and mortality. Of late, there is rapid increase in dengue cases in India. The present study aimed to known dengue seropositivity in different seasons of a year, other laboratory parameters and its geographical distribution. During the study period of 15 months 4172 patients hospitalized with probable dengue fever were included. Dengue serology was done for all cases by ELISA(J. Mitra & Co). Demographic details were taken to create geographical maps of the disease. Of the 4172 suspected dengue cases, 817 had confirmed dengue illness. Of these 817 cases, 584 showed Ns1 antigen (71.4%), 150 IgM antibody (18.3%), and 38 had both Ns1 and Ig M (4.6%). Platelet count less than 1,00,000 were seen in 566 (69.27%) patients. Dengue was noticeably more during monsoon time (June to September) of a year. Through geographical maps major clusters were noticed urban areas of Mysuru and Krishnaraja Nagara , while few clusters were also observed in Periyapatna and T Narsipura taluks of Mysuru district. To minimize the load of dengue cases and its death rate better community awareness and vector control measures need to be strengthened during monsoon especially in areas where burden of the disease is more. This study helps in early preparedness of the authorities concerned in controlling possible epidemics in future.

scholarly journals The social and spatial ecology of dengue presence and burden during an outbreak in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 2012

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Lippi ◽  
Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra ◽  
Ángel G. Muñoz ◽  
Mercy J. Borbor ◽  
Raúl Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Garbage Collection ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
List Type ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Block Level

AbstractDengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is an ongoing public health problem in Ecuador and throughout the tropics, yet we have a limited understanding of the disease transmission dynamics in these regions. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatial dynamics and social-ecological risk factors associated with a recent dengue outbreak in Guayaquil, Ecuador. We examined georeferenced dengue cases (n = 4,248) and block-level census data variables to identify potential social-ecological variables associated with the presence and burden of dengue fever in Guayaquil in 2012. We applied LISA and Moran’s I tests to analyze hotspots of dengue cases and used multimodel selection in R computing language to identify covariates associated with dengue incidence at the census zone level. Significant hotspots of dengue transmission were found near the North Central and Southern portions of Guayaquil. Significant risk factors for presence of dengue included poor housing conditions (e.g., poor condition of ceiling, floors, and walls), access to paved roads, and receipt of remittances. Counterintuitive positive correlations with dengue presence were observed with several municipal services such as garbage collection and access to piped water. Risk factors for the increased burden of dengue included poor housing conditions, garbage collection, receipt of remittances, and sharing a property with more than one household. Social factors such as education and household demographics were negatively correlated with increased dengue burden. Our findings elucidate underlying differences with dengue presence and burden and indicate the potential to develop dengue vulnerability and risk maps to inform disease prevention and control - information that is also relevant for emerging epidemics of chikungunya and zika.HighlightsIn 2012, Guayaquil, Ecuador had a large outbreak of dengue casesDengue case presence and burden exhibited spatial heterogeneity at the census block levelSocial-ecological drivers of case presence and burden differed in this outbreak, highlighting the need to model both types of epidemiological dataAccess to municipal resources such as garbage collection and piped water had counterintuitive relationships with dengue presence, but poor housing, garbage collection and remittances correlated to dengue burden.Our findings inform risk mapping and vector control and surveillance allocation, relevant to this and other concurrent emergent epidemics such as chikungunya and zika

scholarly journals Another dengue fever outbreak in Eastern Ethiopia—An emerging public health threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0008992
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Asefa Gutu ◽  
Alemayehu Bekele ◽  
Yimer Seid ◽  
Yusuf Mohammed ◽  
Fekadu Gemechu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Vector Surveillance ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

Background Dengue Fever (DF) is a viral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes. Outbreaks in Eastern Ethiopia were reported during 2014–2016. In May 2017, we investigated the first suspected DF outbreak from Kabridahar Town, Somali region (Eastern Ethiopia) to describe its magnitude, assess risk factors, and implement control measures. Methods Suspected DF cases were defined as acute febrile illness plus ≥2 symptoms (headache, fever, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, or hemorrhage) in Kabridahar District residents. All reported cases were identified through medical record review and active searches. Severe dengue was defined as DF with severe organ impairment, severe hemorrhage, or severe plasma leakage. We conducted a neighborhood-matched case-control study using a subset of suspected cases and conveniently-selected asymptomatic community controls and interviewed participants to collect demographic and risk factor data. We tested sera by RT-PCR to detect dengue virus (DENV) and identify serotypes. Entomologists conducted mosquito surveys at community households to identify species and estimate larval density using the house index (HI), container index (CI) and Breteau index (BI), with BI≥20 indicating high density. Results We identified 101 total cases from May 12–31, 2017, including five with severe dengue (one death). The attack rate (AR) was 17/10,000. Of 21 tested samples, 15 (72%) were DENV serotype 2 (DENV 2). In the case-control study with 50 cases and 100 controls, a lack of formal education (AOR [Adjusted Odds Ratio] = 4.2, 95% CI [Confidence Interval] 1.6–11.2) and open water containers near the home (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.2–7.5) were risk factors, while long-lasting insecticide treated-net (LLITN) usage (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.79) was protective. HI and BI were 66/136 (49%) and 147 per 100 homes (147%) respectively, with 151/167 (90%) adult mosquitoes identified as Ae. aegypti. Conclusion The epidemiologic, entomologic, and laboratory investigation confirmed a DF outbreak. Mosquito indices were far above safe thresholds, indicating inadequate vector control. We recommended improved vector surveillance and control programs, including best practices in preserving water and disposal of open containers to reduce Aedes mosquito density.

scholarly journals Tick-borne Relapsing Fever in Children in the North-west of Iran, Qazvin

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Ayazi ◽  
Abolfazl Mahyar ◽  
Sonia Oveisi ◽  
Neda Esmailzadehha ◽  
Sadralnesa Nooroozi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Age Range

Relapsing fever is caused by theBorreliaspecies of spirochetes. Louse-borne epidemics of the disease may happen but the endemic disease is generally transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (Ornithodorus). Clinical and laboratory findings of tick-borne relapsing fever in children in the north-west of Iran, Qazvin, were evaluated. This study was conducted from September 1992 to September 2012. Records from 53 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were reviewed. In positive cases, febrile illness, and spirochetes were recognized in peripheral blood preparations. Of the 53 children younger than 12 years, fifty two percent were male and about one third (34%) of the patients were in the age range of 7–12 years. The disease is recorded through the whole year but its peak occurs during summer (52.8%) and autumn (32.1%). Sixty eight percent of patients were living in urban areas but had frequent travel to rural area. Thirty two percent of the cases were living in rural areas where their dwellings were close to animal shelters. All (100%) of the 53 subjects were febrile. Travellers to the rural areas with high prevalence of the disease should be attentive of the risk of tick-borne relapsing fever and use suitable control measures. Consequently relapsing fever should be considered when patients who live in or have vacationed in north-west of Iran show a recurring febrile illness.

scholarly journals Clinicolaboratory profile and outcome of dengue fever cases in peak season of an academic year among pediatric population admitted to teaching hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Deepthy Alice Varghese ◽  
Shivaprakash Sosale C. ◽  
Keshavmurthy . ◽  
Anusha P. P. ◽  
Chikkanarasa Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Haematological Profile

Background: Dengue is a vector borne diseases with varied clinical manifestations, a major concern to public health globally. This study was done to describe the salient clinical as well as haematological profile of serologically confirmed cases of dengue fever and outcome in admitted cases.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at major Government teaching Hospitals in Bangalore from July 2019 to December 2019. Total 164 cases of dengue fever were enrolled and classified as per WHO guidelines. The clinical profile and demographic profile was recorded in a structured questionnaire format. Haematological parameters on admission, duration of stay and outcomes were analysed. The outcomes of the cases were mentioned as improved and death.Results: In this study commonly affected age band was adolescents group (36.6%) without any sex predilection. Maximum number of dengue cases were presented with warning signs (87.5%), 14 (8.69%) cases without warning signs and 6 (3.72%) with severe dengue. Fever was the most common symptom (100%), followed by vomiting (58%) and abdominal pain (38.5%). NS1 antigen positive cases (61.5%). Severe Leukopenia was present in 57% of cases and Thrombocytopenia in all admitted patients (100%). Most of the cases were treated with antipyretics, oral fluids (46%) and IV fluids (53%), only single case received platelet transfusion. Duration of stay was more in severe dengue cases. Mortality of our study was 1.8%.Conclusions: Dengue presents with varied clinical features. Community awareness, early diagnosis and management and vector control measures needs to be strengthened in order to reduce the increasing number of dengue case. Both clinical, haematological parameters should be monitored for better outcome.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Dengue Fever Outbreak in Karo District, North Sumatera, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Frans Yosep Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Dengue fever (DF) infection continues to present a seriuos public health problem in North Sumatera, Indonesia. A DF outbreak was reported in Merek Sub-district, Karo District which is one tourist destination in North Sumatera during April-May 2017. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the risk factors and recommend control measures. An observational study with a matched case control design was conducted. A case was defined as any resident of Merek sub-district who had suffer major clinical symptoms of DF such as fever, severe headache, pain behind eyes, muscle and joint pains, and rash from April – May, 2017. A control was defined as neighbors of cases who did not have clinical signs and symptoms of DF and were matched for age and sex. We interviewed 37 cases and 37 controls. Age cases ranged from 2 year to 37 years (median= 12 years). The multivariate analyses showed that presence of mosquito breeding sites (OR=4.87, 95%CI=1.33-17.85) and habit of hanging worn clothes (OR=5.12, 95%CI=1.25-21.03) were significant risk factors. It is recommended to eliminate mosquito breeding sites routinely, avoid habit of hanging worn clothes, and conduct strict surveillance of DF continously.

scholarly journals Risk factors of Dengue fever in urban areas of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan- 2017: A Case Control Study (Preprint)

10.2196/27270 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Javed Awan ◽  
Ambreen Chaudhry ◽  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
Zeeshan Iqbal Baig ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study
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