Inclusive design of an open-source privacy-preserving large-scale mobile framework for health monitoring and intervention planning with an urban African American population of young adults (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gari Clifford ◽  
Tony Nguyen ◽  
Corey Shaw ◽  
Brittney Newton ◽  
Sherilyn Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Location Services

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly affecting younger populations, particularly in African Americans in the Southern USA. Comorbidities and environmental factors such as trauma, stress, depression, diet, pollution, racism, poverty, and structural violence all combine to exacerbate These factors manifest early in life, and as such monitoring and interventions need to be implemented long before individuals present with symptoms, and they enter the chronic phase of the disease. However, younger populations are notoriously hard to recruit and retain, often because of lack of concern for long term health. For African Americans, low levels of trust in historically discriminatory systems or institutions as well as cultural differences with health providers and/or researchers serve as additional barriers to optimal health. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the design requirements of urban AA adolescents to develop an mHealth framework to reduce CVD risk factors by monitoring nutrition, sleep, physical and mental health. METHODS Urban African Americans, ages 18-29 years old participated in user-centered design sessions. This HealthTech sessions were guided a modified version of is the design thinking approach. The first three phases (empathize, define, and ideate) are underpinned by leveraging constructs of behavior change theories, specifically, the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication (SCTMC). The images were analyzed using NVivo 12, a qualitative analysis software. Using a grounded theory approach, an open-coding method was applied to a subset of data, approximately 20% or 5 complete prototypes to identify themes. To ensure intercoder reliability, two research team members analyzed the same subset of data. RESULTS An analysis of the emerging design requirement were customization; incentive motivation; social engagement; awareness/education/recommendations; behavior tracking; location services; access to health professionals; data user agreements; and health assessment. CONCLUSIONS This led to the design of a cross-platform app to collect standardized health surveys, narratives, geolocated pollution, weather and food desert exposure data, physical activity, social network, and physiology through point of care devices. A HIPAA-compliant cloud infrastructure was developed to collect, process and review data, as well as generate alerts, to allow automated signal processing and machine learning on the data to produce key alerts. Integration with wearables and electronic medical records (via FHIR) was also implemented. The framework we have designed provides a comprehensive health and exposure monitoring system which allows for a broad range of compliance, from passive background monitoring to active self-report. The system is scalable through the cloud infrastructure and extensible. Through an open-source BSD license, the system can be leveraged by entrepreneurs and researchers alike to generate high quality data for predictive health. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Abstract W MP4: Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Assess Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Exercise for Stroke Prevention among African Americans

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Aycock ◽  
Patricia Clark
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Barriers To Exercise ◽  
Two Factors

Exercise can reduce the risk of stroke and identifying perceived benefits and barriers to exercise relevant to African Americans (AA) may contribute to ways to facilitate exercise participation. However, standardized instruments to assess exercise beliefs for stroke prevention have not been well tested in AA. Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties of the Exercise Benefits and Barriers for Stroke Prevention Scale (EBBSP), a combination of the perceived benefits and barriers subscales from the Cerebrovascular Attitudes and Beliefs Scale - Revised and the Health Beliefs Related to Cardiovascular Disease Scale, adapted for stroke. Methods: A non-random sample of 66 at risk, young to middle-aged AA completed the EBBSP, a 16-item self-report, 5-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha procedure tested reliabilities and principal components analysis with varimax rotation was employed to assess construct validity. Self-report measures of current exercise performance and future intentions to exercise were administered and Spearman Rho analyses were used to examine predictive validity. Results: Cronbach’s reliability coefficients for the benefits and barriers subscales were 0.82 and 0.76. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (0.69) and Bartlett’s test (p= .000) indicated the data were adequate to be factored. A four factor solution explained 64% of the common variance. Two factors pertained to benefits (i.e. health and support/resources) and two factors applied to barriers (i.e. sensory and time priority). Perceived health benefits explained the majority of the variance (33%), consistent with the most commonly reported motivator to exercise, “good/better health” (34%). Greater benefits to exercise was associated with greater future intentions to exercise (r s = 0.60, p< 0.01) but not with current exercise performance (p > 0.05), while fewer barriers to exercise was associated with higher exercise performance (r s = -0.25, p< .05) and greater future intentions to exercise (r s = -.29, p< .05). Conclusion: The p sychometric evaluation of the EBBSP revealed preliminary evidence of acceptable reliability and validity. The EBBSP may be useful in research with a focus on understanding, prediction, and promotion of exercise for stroke prevention among AA.

Abstract P081: Psychosocial Resources Are Protective of Diabetes Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LáShauntá Glover ◽  
Alain Bertoni ◽  
Sherita Hill-Golden ◽  
Peter Baltrus ◽  
Yuan-I Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychosocial Resources ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Diabetes Outcomes ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Psychosocial Resource

Introduction: African Americans (AAs) have among the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. Research has shown that positive affect and supportive networks are associated with better health outcomes and may improve regulation of physiological processes. We examined the extent to which psychosocial resources were protective of diabetes outcomes among a sample of 5,306 AAs. Hypothesis: Psychosocial resource measures are inversely associated with prediabetes and diabetes [defined by hemoglobin (Hb)A1c categories] and prevalent diabetes (defined by self-report diabetes status and medication use). Methods: Using data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), we evaluated the cross-sectional associations of four psychosocial-resource indicators (social support, optimism, religiosity, social networks) with two diabetes outcomes [1) HbA1c categories: normal (HbA1c ≤ 5.7%), at risk/pre-diabetic (5.7% < HbA1c < 6.5%), diabetic (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) and 2) prevalent diabetes (vs. no diabetes)]. For each psychosocial-resource measure, we created high vs. low categories (median split) and continuous standard deviation (SD) units. Associations with HbA1c categories were examined using multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR 95% confidence interval-CI) of pre-diabetes (vs. normal) and diabetes (vs. normal). Associations with prevalent diabetes were examined using Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR 95% CI) of diabetes (vs. no diabetes). Models adjusted for demographics, SES, waist circumference, health behaviors, and depression. Results: Participants with diabetes reported fewer psychosocial resources than those with pre-diabetes and normal HbA1c ( p <0.01). After full adjustment, 1-SD unit increase in social support was associated with an 11% lower odds of pre-diabetes (vs. normal HbA1c) (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.99). High (vs. low) religiosity was associated with an increased odds of diabetes (vs. normal Hba1c) (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.64) after full adjustment. Optimism and social networks were only associated with lower diabetes prevalence after adjustment for demographics and education, respectively. Conclusion: With the exception of religiosity, psychosocial-resource measures were inversely associated with diabetes. Social support and social networks, especially, should be considered when addressing the reduction of diabetes burden among AAs.

An Architecture Paradigm for Providing Cloud Services in School Labs Based on Open Source Software to Enhance ICT in Education

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Siahos ◽  
Iasonas Papanagiotou ◽  
Alkis Georgopoulos ◽  
Fotis Tsamis ◽  
Ioannis Papaioannou
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Hybrid Cloud ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
On Line

The authors present their experience and practices of introducing cloud services, as a means to simplify the adoption of ICT (Information Communication and Technology) in education, using Free/Open Source Software. The solution creates a hybrid cloud infrastructure, in order to provide a pre-installed (Ubuntu and Linux Terminal Server Project) virtual machine, acting as a server inside the school, providing desktop environment based on the Software as a Service cloud model, where legacy PCs act as stateless devices. Classroom management is accomplished using the application “Epoptes.” To minimize administration tasks, educational software is provided accordingly, either on-line or through repositories to automate software installation (including patches and updates). The advantages of the hybrid cloud implementation, include services that are not completely dependent on broadband connections’ state, minimal cost, reusability of obsolete equipment, ease of administration, centralized management, patches and educational software provisioning and, above all, facilitation of the educational procedure.

scholarly journals Pangeo Forge: Crowdsourcing Analysis-Ready, Cloud Optimized Data Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Stern ◽  
Ryan Abernathey ◽  
Joseph Hamman ◽  
Rachel Wegener ◽  
Chiara Lepore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Data Production ◽  
New Community ◽  
High Level ◽  
Machine Readable

Pangeo Forge is a new community-driven platform that accelerates science by providing high-level recipe frameworks alongside cloud compute infrastructure for extracting data from provider archives, transforming it into analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) data stores, and providing a human- and machine-readable catalog for browsing and loading. In abstracting the scientific domain logic of data recipes from cloud infrastructure concerns, Pangeo Forge aims to open a door for a broader community of scientists to participate in ARCO data production. A wholly open-source platform composed of multiple modular components, Pangeo Forge presents a foundation for the practice of reproducible, cloud-native, big-data ocean, weather, and climate science without relying on proprietary or cloud-vendor-specific tooling.

scholarly journals ImageJ and 3D Slicer: open source 2/3D morphometric software

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Pye ◽  
Nussaȉbah B Raja ◽  
Bryan Shirley ◽  
Ádám T Kocsis ◽  
Niklas Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
3D Slicer ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Imagej Plugin

In a world where an increasing number of resources are hidden behind paywalls and monthly subscriptions, it is becoming crucial for the scientific community to invest energy into freely available, community-maintained systems. Open-source software projects offer a solution, with freely available code which users can utilise and modify, under an open source licence. In addition to software accessibility and methodological repeatability, this also enables and encourages the development of new tools. As palaeontology moves towards data driven methodologies, it is becoming more important to acquire and provide high quality data through reproducible systematic procedures. Within the field of morphometrics, it is vital to adopt digital methods that help mitigate human bias from data collection. In addition,m mathematically founded approaches can reduce subjective decisions which plague classical data. This can be further developed through automation, which increases the efficiency of data collection and analysis. With these concepts in mind, we introduce two open-source shape analysis software, that arose from projects within the medical imaging field. These are ImageJ, an image processing program with batch processing features, and 3DSlicer which focuses on 3D informatics and visualisation. They are easily extensible using common programming languages, with 3DSlicer containing an internal python interactor, and ImageJ allowing the incorporation of several programming languages within its interface alongside its own simplified macro language. Additional features created by other users are readily available, on GitHub or through the software itself. In the examples presented, an ImageJ plugin “FossilJ” has been developed which provides semi-automated morphometric bivalve data collection. 3DSlicer is used with the extension SPHARM-PDM, applied to synchrotron scans of coniform conodonts for comparative morphometrics, for which small assistant tools have been created.

scholarly journals Disrupting the Digital: An Architecture of Parts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie Claypool ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The Way

The paper ascribes to a belief that architecture should be wholly digital – from the scale of the micron and particle to the brick, beam and building, from design to fabrication or construction. This embodies a fundamental and disruptive shift in architecture and design thinking that is unique to the project images included, enabling design to become more inclusive, participatory and open-source. Architecture that is wholly digital requires a radical rethinking of existing design and building practices. Thes projects described in this paper each develops a set of parts in relationship to a specific digital fabrication technology. These parts are defined as open-ended, universal and versatile building blocks, with a digital logic of connectivity. Each physical part has a malefemale connection which is the equivalent of the 0 and 1 in digital data. The design possibilities – or the way that parts can combine and aggregate – can be defined by the geometry and therefore, design agency, of the piece itself. This discrete method advances a theoretical argument about the nature of digital design as needing to be fundamentally discrete, and at the same time responding to ideas coming from open-source, distributed modes methods of production. Furthermore it responds to today’s housing crisis, providing for a more democratic and equitable framework for the production of housing. To think of architecture as wholly digital is to substantially disrupt the way that we think about design, authorship, ownership and process, as well as the building technologies and practices we use in contemporary architectural production.

Measurement of Social Engagement of Nursing Home Residents During an Exercise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
K. Jason Crandall ◽  
Brian Weiler ◽  
Annika Gabbard ◽  
Caroline Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose The purpose of this article was to describe the validity and reliability of the Fun and Social Engagement Evaluation (FUSE) developed to evaluate and measure social engagement displayed by nursing home residents during Bingocize. The FUSE combines health care worker observation and a resident self-report measure to produce a score that represents a resident's total engagement. Method To describe validity, trained health care workers who implement Bingocize were surveyed about the items on the FUSE. Visual inspection of bar graphs of responses to survey questions were used to determine content validity. To assess reliability of the FUSE, nursing home residents were evaluated by trained research assistants. Test–retest reliability of the participant scores 1 week apart was determined with the bivariate correlation (Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient). Results For validity, the majority of survey respondents indicated that the behaviors were representative of nursing home residents during Bingocize. For reliability, there was moderate–strong test–retest reliability over 1 week ( r = .60). Interrater reliability between two raters observing eight participants across two sessions was significant, κ = .68 (95% CI [.504,.848]), p < .0001. Conclusion Results offer evidence that the FUSE is a valid and reliable method for determining social engagement during Bingocize.

scholarly journals An open-source GIS-enabled lookup service for Nagoya Protocol party information

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikje Seifert ◽  
Marc Weber ◽  
Frank Oliver Glöckner ◽  
Ivaylo Kostadinov
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Clearing House ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Nagoya Protocol

Abstract The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing is a transparent legal framework, which governs the access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. Complying with the Nagoya regulations ensures legal use and re-use of data from genetic resources. Providing detailed provenance information and clear re-usage conditions plays a key role in ensuring the re-usability of research data according to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable) Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Even with the framework provided by the ABS (access and benefit sharing) Clearing House and the support of the National Focal Points, establishing a direct link between the research data from genetic resources and the relevant Nagoya information remains a challenge. This is particularly true for re-using publicly available data. The Nagoya Lookup Service was developed for stakeholders in biological sciences with the aim at facilitating the legal and FAIR data management, specifically for data publication and re-use. The service provides up-to-date information on the Nagoya party status for a geolocation provided by GPS coordinates, directing the user to the relevant local authorities for further information. It integrates open data from the ABS Clearing House, Marine Regions, GeoNames and Wikidata. The service is accessible through a REST API and a user-friendly web form. Stakeholders include data librarians, data brokers, scientists and data archivists who may use this service before, during and after data acquisition or publication to check whether legal documents need to be prepared, considered or verified. The service allows researchers to estimate whether genetic data they plan to produce or re-use might fall under Nagoya regulations or not, within the limits of the technology and without constituting legal advice. It is implemented using portable Docker containers and can easily be deployed locally or on a cloud infrastructure. The source code for building the service is available under an open-source license on GitHub, with a functional image on Docker Hub and can be used by anyone free of charge.

The effect of African-American acculturation on neuropsychological test performance in normal and HIV-positive individuals

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER J. MANLY ◽  
S. WALDEN MILLER ◽  
ROBERT K. HEATON ◽  
DESIREE BYRD ◽  
JUDY REILLY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Black English ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

Two studies were conducted to examine the relationship of acculturation to neuropsychological test performance among (1) medically healthy, neurologically normal African Americans (N = 170); and (2) HIV positive (HIV+) subgroups of African Americans and Whites (Ns = 20) matched on age, education, sex, and HIV disease stage. Acculturation was measured through self report for all participants, and linguistic behavior (Black English use) was assessed in a subset of medically healthy individuals (N = 25). After controlling for the effects of age, education, and sex, medically healthy African Americans who reported less acculturation obtained lower scores on the WAIS–R Information subtest and the Boston Naming Test than did more acculturated individuals. Black English use was associated with poor performance on Trails B and the WAIS–R Information subtest. HIV+ African Americans scored significantly lower than their HIV+ White counterparts on the Category Test, Trails B, WAIS–R Block Design and Vocabulary subtests, and the learning components of the Story and Figure Memory Tests. However, after accounting for acculturation, ethnic group differences on all measures but Story Learning became nonsignificant. These results suggest that there are cultural differences within ethnic groups that relate to neuropsychological test performance, and that accounting for acculturation may improve the diagnostic accuracy of certain neuropsychological tests. (JINS, 1998, 4, 291–302.)

scholarly journals Use of Open Source Software in Health Care Delivery – Results of a Qualitative Field Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
O. Heinze ◽  
B. Bergh ◽  
H. Schmuhl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Health It ◽  
It Executives

Summary Objectives: To assess and analyze the attitude of health IT executives towards the utilization of specialized medical Open Source software (OSS) in Germany's and other European countries' health care delivery. Methods: After an initial literature review a field study was carried out based on semi-structured expert interviews. Eight German and 11 other European health IT executives were surveyed. The results were qualitatively analyzed using the grounded theory approach. Identified concepts were reviewed using SWOT analysis. Results: In total, 13 strengths, 11 weaknesses, 3 opportunities, and 8 threats of the utilization of OSS in a clinical setting could be identified. Additionally, closely related aspects like general software procurement criteria, the overall attitude of health IT executives, users, and management towards OSS and its current and future use could as well be assessed. Conclusions: Medical OSS is rarely used in health care delivery. In order to capitalize the unique advantages of OSS in a clinical setting, complex requirements need to be addressed. Shortcomings of OSS describe an attractive breeding ground for new commercial offerings and services that need yet to be seen.

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