Contact Tracing in Healthcare Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglin Tang ◽  
Kenneth D Westover ◽  
Steve B Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Good Contact ◽  
Real Time Location System

UNSTRUCTURED The COVID-19 pandemic has caused great damages and it will likely linger for long time. Contact tracing in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic is of special importance because the population there are the most vulnerable to the pandemic. A good contact tracing technology in healthcare settings should be equipped with six features: promptness, simplicity, high precision, integration, minimized privacy concerns, and social fairness. Existing digital technologies can potentially provide elegant solutions for contact tracing in healthcare settings, of which the indoor real-time location system based on Bluetooth Low Energy and artificial intelligence may be a good candidate.

Contact Tracing in Healthcare Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglin Tang ◽  
Kenneth Westover ◽  
Steve Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Good Contact ◽  
Real Time Location System

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused great damages and it will likely linger for long time. Contact tracing in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic is of special importance because the population there are the most vulnerable to the pandemic. A good contact tracing technology in healthcare settings should be equipped with six features: promptness, simplicity, high precision, integration, minimized privacy concerns, and social fairness. Existing digital technologies can potentially provide elegant solutions for contact tracing in healthcare settings, of which the indoor real-time location system based on Bluetooth Low Energy and artificial intelligence may be a good candidate. OBJECTIVE N/A METHODS N/A RESULTS N/A CONCLUSIONS N/A CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Contact Tracing in Healthcare Settings During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Bluetooth Low Energy and Artificial Intelligence—A Viewpoint

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglin Tang ◽  
Kenneth Westover ◽  
Steve Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Effective Contact ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Great Damage ◽  
Real Time Location System

The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted great damage with effects that will likely linger for a long time. This crisis has highlighted the importance of contact tracing in healthcare settings because hospitalized patients are among the high risk for complications and death. Moreover, effective contact tracing schemes are not yet available in healthcare settings. A good contact tracing technology in healthcare settings should be equipped with six features: promptness, simplicity, high precision, integration, minimized privacy concerns, and social fairness. One potential solution that addresses all of these elements leverages an indoor real-time location system based on Bluetooth Low Energy and artificial intelligence.

How Technology Helps Protect Global Health and Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kush Parikh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
Remote Treatment

Whether it is mindlessly scrolling through social media, or even using voice assistant devices to order products online, there is no doubt that technology has fundamentally changed our lives. As COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths climb, new and innovative digital technologies are being harnessed to support the global response to COVID-19 (Whitelaw, Mamas, and Van Spall, 2020). With no effective antiviral treatment in sight and vaccines only just becoming available, global efforts have been focused on containment and prevention strategies. The countries with the most effective handling of the virus have successfully implemented digital technologies to aid in contact tracing, patient diagnosis through artificial intelligence, and telemedicine for remote treatment options.

Electrical Damage Due to Low Energy Plasma Processing of GaAs Structures

1991 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans P. Zappe ◽  
Gudrun Kaufel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Rapid Thermal Anneal ◽  
High Temperature Anneal ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Physical Plasma

ABSTRACTThe effect of numerous plasma reative ion etch and physical milling processes on the electrical behavior of GaAs bulk substrates has been investigated by means of electric microwave absorption. It was seen that plasma treatments at quite low energies may significantly affect the electrical quality of the etched semiconductor. Predominantly physical plasma etchants (Ar) were seen to create significant damage at very low energies. Chemical processes (involving Cl or F), while somewhat less pernicious, also gave rise to electrical substrate damage, the effect greater for hydrogenic ambients. Whereas rapid thermal anneal treatments tend to worsen the electrical integrity, some substrates respond positively to long-time high temperature anneal steps.

A fully automated conversational agent with artificial intelligence capabilities (Youper) for treating depression and anxiety: A nonrandomized feasibility trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Hamilton Vargas ◽  
Thiago Antonio Marafon ◽  
Diego Fernando Couto ◽  
Ricardo Giglio ◽  
Marvin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Conversational Agents ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Viable Solution

BACKGROUND Mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders, are significant global concerns. Many people with these conditions don't get the help they need because of the high costs of medical treatment and the stigma attached to seeking help. Digital technologies represent a viable solution to these challenges. However, these technologies are often characterized by relatively low adherence and their effectiveness largely remains empirical unverified. While digital technologies may represent a viable solution for this persisting problem, they often lack empirical support for their effectiveness and are characterized by relatively low adherence. Conversational agents using artificial intelligence capabilities have the potential to offer a cost-effective, low-stigma and engaging way of getting mental health care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of Youper, a mobile application that utilizes a conversational interface and artificial intelligence capabilities to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. METHODS 1,012 adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety participated in a real-world setting study, entirely remotely, unguided and with no financial incentives, over an 8-week period. Participants completed digital versions of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) at baseline, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. RESULTS After the eight-week study period, depression (PHQ-9) scores of participants decreased by 48% while anxiety (GAD-7) scores decreased by 43%. The RCI was outside 2 standard deviations for 93.0% of the individuals in the PHQ-9 assessment and 90.7% in the GAD-7 assessment. Participants were on average 24.79 years old (SD 7.61) and 77% female. On average, participants interacted with Youper 0.9 (SD 1.56) times per week. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that Youper is a feasible, acceptable, and effective intervention for adults with depression and anxiety. CLINICALTRIAL Since this study involved a nonclinical population, it wasn't registered in a public trials registry.

scholarly journals Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Umbrello ◽  
Ibo van de Poel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Social Good ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

AbstractValue sensitive design (VSD) is an established method for integrating values into technical design. It has been applied to different technologies and, more recently, to artificial intelligence (AI). We argue that AI poses a number of challenges specific to VSD that require a somewhat modified VSD approach. Machine learning (ML), in particular, poses two challenges. First, humans may not understand how an AI system learns certain things. This requires paying attention to values such as transparency, explicability, and accountability. Second, ML may lead to AI systems adapting in ways that ‘disembody’ the values embedded in them. To address this, we propose a threefold modified VSD approach: (1) integrating a known set of VSD principles (AI4SG) as design norms from which more specific design requirements can be derived; (2) distinguishing between values that are promoted and respected by the design to ensure outcomes that not only do no harm but also contribute to good, and (3) extending the VSD process to encompass the whole life cycle of an AI technology to monitor unintended value consequences and redesign as needed. We illustrate our VSD for AI approach with an example use case of a SARS-CoV-2 contact tracing app.

scholarly journals Digital Contact Tracing Applications during COVID-19: A Scoping Review about Public Acceptance

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
My Villius Zetterholm ◽  
Yanqing Lin ◽  
Päivi Jokela
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Ethical Justification ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged

Digital contact tracing applications (CTAs) have been one of the most widely discussed technical methods of controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. The effectiveness of this technology and its ethical justification depend highly on public acceptance and adoption. This study aims to describe the current knowledge about public acceptance of CTAs and identify individual perspectives, which are essential to consider concerning CTA acceptance and adoption. In this scoping review, 25 studies from four continents across the globe are compiled, and critical topics are identified and discussed. The results show that public acceptance varies across national cultures and sociodemographic strata. Lower acceptance among people who are mistrusting, socially disadvantaged, or those with low technical skills suggest a risk that CTAs may amplify existing inequities. Regarding determinants of acceptance, eight themes emerged, covering both attitudes and behavioral perspectives that can influence acceptance, including trust, privacy concerns, social responsibility, perceived health threat, experience of and access to technologies, performance expectancy and perceived benefits, and understanding. Furthermore, widespread misconceptions about the CTA function are a topic in need of immediate attention to ensure the safe use of CTAs. The intention-action gap is another topic in need of more research.

scholarly journals Symptom and Age Homophilies in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Networks during the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Japan

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Ali Andalibi ◽  
Naoru Koizumi ◽  
Meng-Hao Li ◽  
Abu Bakkar Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Exponential Random Graph Model ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Random Graph Model ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Exponential Random Graph

Kanagawa and Hokkaido were affected by COVID-19 in the early stage of the pandemic. Japan’s initial response included contact tracing and PCR analysis on anyone who was suspected of having been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. In this retrospective study, we analyzed publicly available COVID-19 registry data from Kanagawa and Hokkaido (n = 4392). Exponential random graph model (ERGM) network analysis was performed to examine demographic and symptomological homophilies. Age, symptomatic, and asymptomatic status homophilies were seen in both prefectures. Symptom homophilies suggest that nuanced genetic differences in the virus may affect its epithelial cell type range and can result in the diversity of symptoms seen in individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2. Environmental variables such as temperature and humidity may also play a role in the overall pathogenesis of the virus. A higher level of asymptomatic transmission was observed in Kanagawa. Moreover, patients who contracted the virus through secondary or tertiary contacts were shown to be asymptomatic more frequently than those who contracted it from primary cases. Additionally, most of the transmissions stopped at the primary and secondary levels. As expected, significant viral transmission was seen in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Applications of Robotics, AI, and Digital Technologies During COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Zhuo Zhao ◽  
Yangmyung Ma ◽  
Adeel Mushtaq ◽  
Abdul M. Azam Rajper ◽  
Mahmoud Shehab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract Many countries have enacted a quick response to the unexpected COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing existing technologies. For example, robotics, artificial intelligence, and digital technology have been deployed in hospitals and public areas for maintaining social distancing, reducing person-to-person contact, enabling rapid diagnosis, tracking virus spread, and providing sanitation. In this paper, 163 news articles and scientific reports on COVID-19-related technology adoption were screened, shortlisted, categorized by application scenario, and reviewed for functionality. Technologies related to robots, artificial intelligence, and digital technology were selected from the pool of candidates, yielding a total of 50 applications for review. Each case was analyzed for its engineering characteristics and potential impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, challenges and future directions regarding the response to this pandemic and future pandemics were summarized and discussed.

Das Zeitalter der Künstlichen Intelligenz als Herausforderung für die Parlamente

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-181
Author(s):  
Arne Pilniok
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Government

The digital transformation is permanently changing the government, administration, and society . This process is being intensified by the much-discussed technologies of artificial intelligence, and poses a variety of challenges for parliaments and indirectly for parliamen­tary studies . Their different dimensions have not been discussed comprehensively so far, although the technological developments affect all parliamentary functions and their prem­ises . This article systematizes and structures the various effects of the age of artificial intel­ligence on parliamentary democracy . Namely, the conditions of democratic representation change, the innovation-friendly regulation of digital technologies becomes a parliamentary task, parliamentary control has to be adjusted to the use of algorithms and artificial intelli­gence in government and administration, and possibly, the epistemological and organiza­tional structures of parliamentary work might have to be adapted . This provides starting points for future detailed analyses to adequately capture these processes of change and to accompany them from different disciplinary perspectives .

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