scholarly journals Development of a Mobile Health Intervention with Personal Experiments for Smokers Who Are Ambivalent About Quitting: Formative Design and Testing (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimee L Heffner ◽  
Sheryl L Catz ◽  
Predrag Klasnja ◽  
Brooks Tiffany ◽  
Jennifer B McClure
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Quit Smoking

BACKGROUND The majority of cigarette smokers want to quit someday but are not ready to commit to long-term abstinence. However, available smoking cessation treatments are not well-suited to meet the needs of these ambivalent smokers. Low-cost, high-reach mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be a cost-efficient means of offering assistance to ambivalent smokers, yet there are currently no evidence-based options available for this group. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and preliminarily evaluate the core content for an mHealth program targeting adult smokers who are ambivalent about quitting. The core content consisted of a series of “personal experiments” similar to those tested as part of a counseling intervention in prior work, including brief cognitive or behavioral tasks designed to boost readiness for changing smoking behavior. METHODS We conducted individual user interviews (N=3) to refine program content, and then conducted a one-arm pilot study (N=25) to assess user receptivity and the potential impact of the experiments on motivation and self-efficacy to quit or reduce smoking. RESULTS In user interviews, participants liked the concept of the personal experiments. Participants in the pilot study found a medium-fidelity prototype to be highly acceptable. After watching a brief orientation video that explained how the program works, most participants (80%, 20/25) indicated that it sounded interesting, primarily because it did not require any commitment to quit. All participants (100%, 25/25) completed all 7 experiments, including a 24-hour quit attempt, although not all were able to refrain from smoking for a full day based on qualitative feedback on the experiment. The mean rating of usefulness of the overall program was 4.12 (SD 1.09) out of 5, and the average rating of the difficulty of the experiments was 2.16 (SD 1.18) out of 5. At the last assessment point, 92% (23/25) of the participants indicated that they were more interested in either quitting or cutting back than when they began the program, and 72% (18/25) said that if the program had included a free trial of nicotine replacement therapy, they would have used it to try to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS This formative work confirmed that ambivalent smokers are willing to use and will remain engaged with an mHealth intervention that employs the novel concept of personal experiments to enhance their motivation for and ability to quit smoking. The addition of action-oriented treatment (self-help and free nicotine replacement therapy, quitline referral) could further support users’ efforts to stop smoking and remain quit.

scholarly journals Development of a Mobile Health Intervention with Personal Experiments for Smokers Who Are Ambivalent About Quitting: Formative Design and Testing

10.2196/21784 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e21784
Author(s):  
Jaimee L Heffner ◽  
Sheryl L Catz ◽  
Predrag Klasnja ◽  
Brooks Tiffany ◽  
Jennifer B McClure
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Quit Smoking

Background The majority of cigarette smokers want to quit someday but are not ready to commit to long-term abstinence. However, available smoking cessation treatments are not well-suited to meet the needs of these ambivalent smokers. Low-cost, high-reach mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be a cost-efficient means of offering assistance to ambivalent smokers, yet there are currently no evidence-based options available for this group. Objective The aim of this study was to develop and preliminarily evaluate the core content for an mHealth program targeting adult smokers who are ambivalent about quitting. The core content consisted of a series of “personal experiments” similar to those tested as part of a counseling intervention in prior work, including brief cognitive or behavioral tasks designed to boost readiness for changing smoking behavior. Methods We conducted individual user interviews (N=3) to refine program content, and then conducted a one-arm pilot study (N=25) to assess user receptivity and the potential impact of the experiments on motivation and self-efficacy to quit or reduce smoking. Results In user interviews, participants liked the concept of the personal experiments. Participants in the pilot study found a medium-fidelity prototype to be highly acceptable. After watching a brief orientation video that explained how the program works, most participants (80%, 20/25) indicated that it sounded interesting, primarily because it did not require any commitment to quit. All participants (100%, 25/25) completed all 7 experiments, including a 24-hour quit attempt, although not all were able to refrain from smoking for a full day based on qualitative feedback on the experiment. The mean rating of usefulness of the overall program was 4.12 (SD 1.09) out of 5, and the average rating of the difficulty of the experiments was 2.16 (SD 1.18) out of 5. At the last assessment point, 92% (23/25) of the participants indicated that they were more interested in either quitting or cutting back than when they began the program, and 72% (18/25) said that if the program had included a free trial of nicotine replacement therapy, they would have used it to try to quit smoking. Conclusions This formative work confirmed that ambivalent smokers are willing to use and will remain engaged with an mHealth intervention that employs the novel concept of personal experiments to enhance their motivation for and ability to quit smoking. The addition of action-oriented treatment (self-help and free nicotine replacement therapy, quitline referral) could further support users’ efforts to stop smoking and remain quit.

An HIV-tailored quit-smoking counselling pilot intervention targeting depressive symptoms plus Nicotine Replacement Therapy

AIDS Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Balfour ◽  
Stephanie A. Wiebe ◽  
William D. Cameron ◽  
Daniella Sandre ◽  
Andrew Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Pilot Intervention ◽  
Smoking Counselling

scholarly journals Stigma and Smoking in the Home: Parents’ Accounts of Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy to Protect Their Children from Second-Hand Smoke

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lewis ◽  
Neneh Rowa-Dewar ◽  
Rachel O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Personal Motivation

Evidence and campaigns highlighting smoking and second-hand smoke risks have significantly reduced smoking prevalence and denormalised smoking in the home in Scotland. However, smoking prevalence remains disproportionally high in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Using stigma as a theoretical lens, this article presents a thematic analysis of parents’ accounts of attempting to abstain from smoking at home, using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), in disadvantaged areas of Edinburgh and the Lothians. Smoking stigma, particularly self-stigma, underpinned accounts, with two overarching themes: interplaying barriers and enablers for creation of a smoke-free home and reconceptualisation of the study as an opportunity to quit smoking. Personal motivation to abstain or stop smoking empowered participants to reduce or quit smoking to resist stigma. For those struggling to believe in their ability to stop smoking, stigma led to negative self-labelling. Previously hidden smoking in the home gradually emerged in accounts, suggesting that parents may fear disclosure of smoking in the home in societies where smoking stigma exists. This study suggests that stigma may act both as an enabler and barrier in this group. Reductions in smoking in the home were dependent on self-efficacy and motivations to abstain, and stigma was entwined in these beliefs.

scholarly journals Associations between vaping and relapse to smoking: preliminary findings from a longitudinal survey in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie S. Brose ◽  
Julia Bowen ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Timea R. Partos
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Device Type ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Most smokers attempting to quit relapse. There is little evidence whether the use of e-cigarettes (‘vaping’) increases or decreases relapse. This study aimed to assess 1) whether vaping predicted relapse among ex-smokers, and 2) among ex-smokers who vaped, whether vaping characteristics predicted relapse. Methods Longitudinal web-based survey of smokers, recent ex-smokers and vapers in the UK, baseline in May/June 2016 (n = 3334), follow-up in September 2017 (n = 1720). Those abstinent from smoking ≥ 2 months at baseline and followed up were included. Aim 1: Relapse during follow-up was regressed onto baseline vaping status, age, gender, income, nicotine replacement therapy use and time quit smoking (n = 374). Aim 2: Relapse was regressed onto baseline vaping frequency, device type, nicotine strength and time quit smoking (n = 159). Results Overall, 39.6% relapsed. Compared with never use (35.9%), past/ever (45.9%; adjOR = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.61–2.07) and daily vaping (34.5%; adjOR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.61–1.89) had similar odds of relapse, for non-daily vaping evidence of increased relapse was inconclusive (65.0%; adjOR = 2.45; 95% CI, 0.85–7.08). Among vapers, non-daily vaping was associated with higher relapse than daily vaping (adjOR = 3.88; 95% CI, 1.10–13.62). Compared with modular devices (18.9% relapse), tank models (45.6%; adjOR = 3.63; 95% CI, 1.33–9.95) were associated with increased relapse; evidence was unclear for disposable/cartridge refillable devices (41.9%; adjOR = 2.83; 95% CI, 0.90–8.95). Nicotine strength had no clear association with relapse. Conclusion Relapse to smoking is likely to be more common among ex-smokers vaping infrequently or using less advanced devices. Research into the effects of vaping on relapse needs to consider vaping characteristics.

scholarly journals 96 Does Free Nicotine Replacement Therapy Lead to Improved Smoking Cessation Rates in Cancer Patients? Results of a Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
Andrew Arifin ◽  
Laura McCracken ◽  
Stacie Nesbitt ◽  
Andrew Warner ◽  
Robert Dinniwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Effects on Craving and Withdrawal Symptoms among Women Attempting to Quit Smoking Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Harper ◽  
Lyndsay Fitzgeorge ◽  
Amelia Tritter ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Quit Smoking

Background: Cigarette cravings are one of the most often expressed difficulties related to quitting. The effect of acute exercise on craving and withdrawal symptoms during a pharmacological based smoking cessation intervention is unknown. Methods: Participants included female smokers (n = 178) undertaking the Getting Physical on Cigarettes trial — a 14-week exercise-aided nicotine replacement therapy (NRT, i.e. patch) cessation program. They completed the Shiffman-Jarvik scale immediately before and after the first scheduled exercise session during weeks 5, 11, and 13. The first exercise session (week 5) occurred shortly after participants quit smoking (week 4) and began their 21 mg NRT patch dose. The second and third exercise bout coincided soon after participants stepped down their NRT strength to 14 mg (week 11) and 7 mg (week 13), respectively. Results: Significant reductions in cigarette craving were demonstrated following exercise at all three time points (i.e. week 5, 11, and 13). Significant reductions in psychological and sedation withdrawal symptoms were shown at week 5 and 11, but not at week 13. Significant increases in physical symptoms were found at week 5 and 11, but not week 13. No significant change in appetite was evident at any time point. Conclusions: An acute bout of moderate intensity exercise can alleviate cravings as well as psychological and sedation withdrawal symptoms in quitters during a 14-week exercise-aided NRT smoking cessation program. Promoting exercise among women using NRT is recommended.

Effect of Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Stress and Smoking Behavior in Surgical Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1138-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Warner ◽  
Christi A. Patten ◽  
Steven C. Ames ◽  
Kenneth P. Offord ◽  
Darrell R. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Nicotine Withdrawal ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Stress Score

Background Many surgical patients are dependent on nicotine. Smoke-free policies in healthcare facilities mandate abstinence from smoking, which could contribute to psychological stress in the perioperative period. The authors tested the hypothesis that nicotine replacement therapy decreases psychological stress in cigarette smokers scheduled to undergo elective surgery and determined whether nicotine replacement therapy affects postoperative smoking behavior, even when not specifically prescribed to promote abstinence. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 121 smokers, of whom 116 received a study intervention, were randomly assigned to receive either active (nicotine-containing) or placebo patches, beginning on the morning of surgery and continuing for up to 30 days after discharge from the hospital. Outcomes included the Perceived Stress Score, the Nicotine Withdrawal Score, and subject self-report of smoking behavior. Results The Perceived Stress Score and the Nicotine Withdrawal Score did not change significantly from baseline over the immediate perioperative period and did not differ between active or placebo patch groups (all P > 0.19). The percentage of placebo versus active patch subjects reporting 7-day abstinence at 30 days postoperatively (30% vs. 39%; P = 0.29) did not differ significantly between groups. At 30 days postoperatively, subjects in both groups significantly reduced their cigarettes smoked per day from baseline, but those receiving active patches reported a greater decrease (a mean decrease of 11 +/- 11 vs. 15 +/- 7 cigarettes/day in placebo and active groups; P = 0.045). Conclusion Routine nicotine replacement therapy is not indicated in smokers undergoing surgery for the purposes of managing nicotine withdrawal and stress but can modify some aspects of postoperative smoking behavior.

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