An App for Inspecting the Epidemic Trend of the Confirmed Cases on COVID-19 using the Online Rasch Model and Strength Coefficients(SC): An Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chih Kan ◽  
Jui-Chung John Lin ◽  
Tsair-Wei Chien
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Online Algorithm ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Infected Case ◽  
Line Chart ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Outbreak Situation

BACKGROUND When a novel coronavirus (e.g., COVID -19) starts to spread, one of the many questions asked is with regards to the trend of new confirmed cases increasing or decreasing during the on-going outbreak epidemic. Finding the turning point of the outbreak spread (i.e., from ascending to declining status) is continuously an urgent concern. Due to different weights (e.g.., an extremely high proportion of confirmed cases in Hubei, China) of the cases confirmed in countries/regions, using either the overall total number or a partially small portion of the infected-case regions to determine the turning point (e.g., the trend to decline) is problematic and unreliable. Rasch analysis used for examining individual performances of school students was thus considered as a tool to inspect the epidemic trend through the pattern of item (e.g., day in epidemic) difficulties over days. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) inspect the epidemic trend by performing Rasch model and observing the pattern of item difficulties over days, (2) develop an online algorithm to draw the trend plot, and (3) design an app for a better understanding of the outbreak situation on Google Maps. METHODS We downloaded the COVID-19 outbreak numbers from January 21 to February 27, 2020, from Github that contains information on confirmed cases in more than 30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. Item (i.e., day) difficulties based on the recent 20 days were calibrated using the Rasch model. All responses were derived from the ordinal scores by using the logarithm function (i.e.., round(ln(confirmed cases),0) from 0 to 5). The epidemic trend was assessed by the correlation coefficients (CC) computed by the item difficulties along with the time points of days. The recent several CCs were plotted with a line chart. An online algorithm based on the Rasch model was built for displaying the outbreak trend on a daily basis. A strength coefficient(SC) was complemented to examine the outliers for each region in the recent three days. An app was developed to understand the daily epidemic trends on Google Maps. RESULTS The CCs measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties have been monotonously increased from -0.28(start from Feb. 8) to 0.36(till Feb. 27), indicating the epidemic trend has gradually declined. However, the trend out of China is increasing with the CC=-0.88. The SC was taken into consideration in three countries/regions: Italy(=0.87), Iran(0.59), and Shandong(China)(=0.58) on Feb. 21, 2020. A line chart was drawn online using item difficulties calibrated by the Rasch model for examining the epidemic trend. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CONCLUSIONS We created an online Rasch modeling algorithm that can calibrate daily item difficulties and then draw a line chart to analyze the epidemic trend. The SC is complemental to the trend observation. An app developed for displaying the epidemic trend helps us better understand the outbreak situation. CLINICALTRIAL Not available

An App for Comparing the Epidemic Impacts in Continents and Trends of the Confirmed Cases on COVID-19 using the Online Rasch Model: An Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIEN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Online Algorithm ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Line Chart ◽  
Weighted Score ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Outbreak Situation

BACKGROUND When a novel coronavirus (e.g., COVID-19) starts to spread, two of the most frequently asked questions are about (1) the overall trend of daily confirmed cases increasing or decreasing during the on-going outbreak epidemic and (2) the worst-hit continents for COVID-19 in the recent weeks. Finding the trend of the outbreak spread and the epidemic impacts on continents amid COVID-19 is continuously an urgent concern. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) inspect the epidemic trend over days, (2) develop an online algorithm to draw the epidemic impacts for COVID-19 among continents, and (3) design an app for a better understanding of the outbreak situation on Google Maps. METHODS We downloaded the COVID-19 outbreak numbers from Jun 24 to July 13, 2020, from Github that contains the number of confirmed cases in countries/regions. Three methods were used to compare differences in COVID-19-struck measures, including (1)the traditional summation score, (2) the Rasch logit score, and (3) the weighted score(i.e., adjusted by the estimated variance). Rasch model was applied to estimate the overall item (i.e., day) difficulties and the COVID-19-struck measures for all countries/areas. The epidemic trend was assessed by the correlation coefficient (CC) computed by the item difficulties over the observed days. An online algorithm based on the Rasch model was built for displaying the outbreak trend and the epidemic effects in comparison for continents using the forest tree plot and the analysis of variance(ANOVA). An app was developed to understand the daily epidemic trends on Google Maps. RESULTS The three methods used for comparing differences in COVID-19-struck measures were displayed somewhat different. A line chart was drawn online to present the trend measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties approaching stability with CC=-0.07. Differences in COVID-19-struck impacts were observed among continents using ANOVA(p<0.001= Chidist(160.31, 5)) and the forest tree plot. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CONCLUSIONS The three methods used for comparing differences in COVID-19-struck measures were displayed somewhat different. A line chart was drawn online to present the trend measured by item(i.e., day) difficulties approaching stability with CC=-0.07. Differences in COVID-19-struck impacts were observed among continents using ANOVA(p<0.001= Chidist(160.31, 5)) and the forest tree plot. A dashboard was created to present the COVID-19 situation on Google Maps. CLINICALTRIAL Nil

scholarly journals KONSTRUK ASESMEN LITERASI FUNGSIONAL UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA

LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burhan Nurgiyantoro ◽  
Beniati Lestyarini ◽  
Dwi Hanti Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Literacy Assessment ◽  
School Students ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Functional Literacy ◽  
The Rasch Model

Literasi fungsional menyiratkan bahwa literasi dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat, meraih tujuan, dan meningkatkan kemampuan diri. Penelitian validatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konstruk asesmen literasi fungsional untuk siswa SMP dan mengalisis butir soalnya dengan Model Rasch. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, FGD, dan tes. Sebanyak 5 orang guru dan 246 siswa dari 5 SMP di DIY, serta 3 pakar dilibatkan dalam proses pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian berupa konstruk literasi fungsional dari National Assessment for Adult Literacy (NAAL) dimodifikasi dalam 15 jenis literasi, yaitu literasi prosa, digital, dokumen, numerik, lingkungan, kesehatan, pariwisata, transportasi, keselamatan jalan, kesantunan berbahasa, mitigasi bencana, finansial, budaya, visual, dan sosial. Hasil analisis 60 butir soal dengan Model Rasch berbantuan program QUEST menunjukkan probability level 0,50 dengan indeks reliabilitas 0,98. Mean INFIT MNSQ sebesar 1.00 dengan SD 0,04 yang fit dengan Model Rasch. Butir soal yang layak berada pada rentang threshold (± 2) adalah 51 buah (85%), sedangkan yang di luar rentang tersebut 9 butir (15%). Siswa dengan skor ≥75 sebesar 38,2%, sedang yang belum memenuhi standar sebanyak 61,8%.  Indikator esensial dan batang soal menjadi bagian penting untuk melihat kemampuan literasi fungsional siswa. Kata kunci: literasi fungsional, asesmen, analisis butir soal, Model Rasch  THE CONSTRUCTS OF FUNCTIONAL LITERACY ASSESSMENT FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AbstractFunctional literacy implies that literacy can be used for improving society capacities, obtaining goals, and increasing self-capabilities. The present study is aimed at identifying the constructs of the functional literacy assessment of junior high school students and analysing the item responses by using the Rasch Model. The data were collected through observation, interview, FGD and testing. Five teachers, 246 students from five junior high schools in Yogyakarta Province, and 3 experts were involved in the research processes. Results show that the constructs of the functional literacy from the National Assessment for Adult Literacy (NAAL) concepts have been modified into 15 types of literacy: prose, digital, document, numerical, environmental, health, tourism, transportation, road safety, language civility, disaster mitigation, financial, cultural, visual, and social). The results of the item analysis (60 items) using the Rasch Model with the QUEST program produce a probability value of 0.50 with a reliability index of 0.98. The INFIT MNSQ mean of 1.00 with an SD of 0.4 fits with the Rasch model. Items are eligible for an appropriate threshold range (± 2) of 51 grains or 85% while items outside the range of ± 2 is 9 (15%). Students with a score of ≥ 75 are 94 in number (38.2%). Meanwhile, students who have not fulfilled the standard amount to 61.8%. Essential indicators and item stems have an important role in reflecting the students’ functional literacy competences. Keywords: functional literacy, assessment, item response, Rasch model

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF RASCH MODEL IN TESTING FORCE CONCEPT INVENTORY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Afiqah Basran ◽  
Denis Lajium
Keyword(s):  
Rasch Model ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Concept Inventory ◽  
School Students ◽  
Force Concept Inventory ◽  
Force And Motion ◽  
The Rasch Model ◽  
Force Concept

Inventori Konsep Daya is an instrument that is adapted from the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). It is an instrument consisting of 30 diagnostic items related to the concept of force and motion. This instrument is widely used in physics education. However, the validity of this instrument in Bahasa Malaysia is not well studied to ensure that the items in the instrument function properly. Based on previous research, one of the major issues that are often questioned in the FCI is the reliability of the instrument when administered to different groups. When studies conducted in this country, researchers often use the reliability analysis under the Classical Test Theory. Various weaknesses are identified when evaluating using the analysis under the theory. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply the Rasch model under Item Response Theory in analyzing the items in Inventori Konsep Daya. Several analyzes were selected to determine the validity of the items and instruments. This study will be conducted on three levels of students involved in the learning of force and motion concepts. 300 samples will be taken from school students, elementary or matriculation students as well as undergraduate students who have studied this topic. The data will be analyzed using Windstep software. The results showed that Inventori Konsep Daya was a good instrument with high reliability and separation index, positive polarity value for every item, and fit the Rasch model. However, the instrument was quite difficult for the respondents in this study. This study is important in providing information to other researchers who will use FCI as an instrument in their study. In addition, the findings of this study can also be used to compare with the previous studies to draw more accurate conclusions.

APPLYING THE RASCH MODEL TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INCORPORATING MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES THEORY IN INFORMAL SCIENCE LEARNING USING THE MOBILE SCIENCE LAB PROGRAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
MOHD ALI SAMSUDIN ◽  
CORRIENNA ABDUL TALIB ◽  
NOOR HASYIMAH HANIZA
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Informal Science ◽  
School Students ◽  
Informal Science Learning ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Mobile Science Lab ◽  
Mi Theory ◽  
The Rasch Model

Pembelajaran sains secara tidak formal telah dijalankan melalui Program Makmal Sains Bergerak. Program ini merupakan program kemasyarakatan yang dijalankan oleh pensyarah dari Pusat Pengajian Ilmu Pendidikan (PPIP) di Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) dan dibantu oleh pelajar dan staf sebagai fasilitator. Program ini mengandungi 12 stesen mini yang boleh diwujudkan di kawasan sekolah atau di dewan sekolah. Teori Kecerdasan Pelbagai (KP) telah dimasukkan ke dalam aktiviti pembelajaran sains tidak formal Program Makmal Sains Bergerak. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menilai keberkesanan menggabungkan teori KP ke dalam pembelajaran sains tidak formal menggunakan Model Rasch terhadap terhadap 300 orang pelajar sekolah rendah di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, yang telah terlibat dalam program ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa keseronokan dan minat pelajar terhadap sains selepas mendapat pengalaman pembelajaran sains tidak formal melalui Program Makmal Sains Bergerak telah meningkat. Keputusan juga menunjukkan peningkatan dalam Program Makmal Sains Bergerak perlu dilakukan dari perspektif pembelajaran. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Program Makmal Sains Bergerak adalah program pendidikan yang berjaya dalam suasana tidak formal dan teori KP adalah berkesan apabila digabungkan dengan pembelajaran sains tidak formal dalam Program Makmal Sains Bergerak.   Informal Science Learning was conducted through the Mobile Science Lab Program. The program is a community program conducted by lecturers from the School of Educational Studies (SES) at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and supported by students and members of staff as facilitators. The program contains 12 mini stations that could be set up in the school ground or in the school hall. Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory was incorporated into informal science learning activities of Mobile Science Lab Program. This study was carried out to evaluate the eff ectiveness of incorporating MI theory into informal science learning using the Rasch Model with 300 primary school students of Penang, Malaysia, who involved in this program. Results showed that students’ excitement and interest toward science after experiencing informal science learning through the Mobile Science Lab Program had increased. Results also showed that improvements in the Mobile Science Lab Program need to be made from the learning prespective. This study showed that Mobile Science Lab Program is a successful educational program in informal setting and MI theory is eff ective when incorporate with informal science learning in the Mobile Science Lab Program.  

An App for Classifying the Trend Magnitudes and the Multiple Infection Rates(MIR) of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Countries/Regions: A Data-Driven Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsair-Wei Chien ◽  
Wei-Chih Kan ◽  
Yu-Tsen Yeh ◽  
Shu-Chun Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
The Public ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cutting Point ◽  
Outbreak Situation

BACKGROUND An outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hits the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and subsequently spread to other provinces/regions of China as well as foreign countries. An online dashboard regularly updating the worldwide status of the coronavirus outbreak would be beneficial to the public understanding of the almost-real-time 2019-nCoV situation. Some online dashboards were equipped with wow-features on a world map. However, only displaying the case numbers of the outbreak across countries/provinces/regions is insufficient to the public. The trends of the outbreak and variations of multiple infection rate (MIR) would be greatly informative in displaying on a dashboard in the form of an app. OBJECTIVE This study aims to (1) present the MIR in comparison for each counties/regions, (2) develop an algorithm that classifies entities into four clusters (e.g., ready to rise, increasing, slowing down, and ready to decrease with four steps and quadrants named 4SQ diagram for short) shown on Google Maps, and (3) design an app for better understanding the outbreak situation. METHODS We downloaded 2019-nCoV outbreak numbers in countries/regions on a daily basis from Google Sheet that contains information on confirmed cases in more than 30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. Choropleth maps and Kano diagrams were drawn based on the 4SQ diagram. The Kano diagram was applied to present the classification feature for each country/region using a dashboard presenting on Google Maps. One novel presentation was used to identify the recent MIR changes across sectors. Four clusters of the 2019-nCoV outbreak were dynamically classified. The other four basic features were involved including (1) an overall visual display on case counts, (2) a choropleth map, (3) daily MIR trend changes, and (4)three-type trend charts. The Separation Index (SI) was applied to assess the role Hubei(China) played in the outbreak situation. An app aimed for public understandings based on a dashboard to classify and visualize with Google Maps was introduced. RESULTS We made improvements on the display of classification of the outbreak and the death rate for each region, for example, 2.01% and 2.87% for all cases and Hubei(China) only, respectively. Three-type trend-charts were automatically linked to choropleth maps and the Kano diagrams in near real-time. Importantly, the sequential trend for each region on a daily basis classifies outbreak attributes (e.g., Japan was increasing and Taiwan ready to rise on February 6, 2019). The SI for Hubei(China) reaches 0.96, extremely higher than the cutting point at 0.7. The highest MIR(=0.26) was British Columbia(Canada) on February 9, 2020. CONCLUSIONS The unique features for display the outbreak situation of the 2019-nCoV were proposed in this study. Visualizations using the 4SQ diagram, SI, and the MIR based on time series were present displaying dashboards on Google Maps. An app developed for visualizing the data is required for application in the future.

scholarly journals Items Quality Analysis Using Rasch Model To Measure Elementary School Students’ Critical Thinking Skill On Stem Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ghullam Hamdu ◽  
F N Fuadi ◽  
A Yulianto ◽  
Y S Akhirani
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Stem Learning ◽  
Thinking Skill ◽  
Critical Thinking Skill ◽  
School Students ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Rasch Model

Critical thinking as one of the 21st century competences required by students needs to be developed and analyzed by employing qualified assessment instrument. Test is a kind of critical thinking assessment instrument which quality is developed and analysed to create a meaningful learning. A total of 10 multiple choices items were developed based on critical thinking indicators. The items were then given to forty two 4th grade students in one of the elementary schools in Tasikmalaya-West Java after obtaining STEM learning. Focus group discussions were conducted to construct and validate the instrument. The result of the test was analyzed using Rasch model with the assistance of Winsteps software version 3.75. The results indicated that the analysis using the Rasch model could explain the critical thinking items’ quality based on the level of difficulty and suitability and could categorize students’ abilities and their suitability for STEM learning conducted.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Ability of High School Students in Solving Science Literacy Questions Based on the Rasch Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Saiyidah Mahtari ◽  
Misbah Misbah ◽  
Suryati Suryati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Survey Research Methods ◽  
The Rasch Model

This study aims to describe aspects of students 'abilities in solving problems of students' scientific literacy problems based on the RASCH model. This research uses descriptive quantitative research design with survey research methods. The research subjects were 33 students of class XII IPA 2 of SMAN 6 Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques were carried out by using a scientific literacy test consisting of 9 items about the description of dynamic electrical matter. The results of the research data were analyzed using the RASCH model using the Winstep program to obtain logit values. The results showed that the average student logit value was 1.75 logit, this value was less than 0.0 logit. This indicates that students' ability to solve scientific literacy questions is still low, so students need to be trained in scientific literacy through classroom learning.

scholarly journals Rasch Modeling: A Multiple Choice Chemistry Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Atiek Winarti ◽  
Al Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Answer Pattern ◽  
The Rasch Model

The study aimed to reveal the difficulty level of items and the suitability of items of Chemistry test with the Rasch model. In addition to detecting this item quality, the Rasch model shows the student's answer pattern as well, so that the assessment can imply the quality of the instrument as an assessment of chemical learning. As many as 20 numbers of multiple-choice questions in chemical bonding material were analyzed by using WINSTEPS 3.73. The samples consisted of 200 senior high school students in Banjarmasin Indonesia. The results revealed that the average item measure was 0.00 with items (Measure Order = 4.64) which has the highest difficulty level. The Q10 was the item that has a level of conformity with the model, and outliers or misfit in Rasch were MNSQ=+0.97, ZSTD=-0.2, Pt Mean Corr=+0.58. In other words, assessment of learning with test techniques such as multiple choice based on Rasch model analysis was an effective way for teachers to review the progress of students in the learning process, guidelines for designing chemical learning strategies, and identifying students' understanding of chemical material.

scholarly journals Development of a Student Bullying Scale Using the Rasch Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Suryana ◽  
Maruf Akbar ◽  
Achmad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Rasch Model ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
The Rasch Model

Student bullying scales have been developed based on Western cultures, however these are not necessarily applicable to non-Western cultures, and there is a need for a scale to measure bullying behaviours that is adaptable to individual national cultures. This would not only be useful for students undergoing bullying, but also useful from the perpetrator’s side. The Rasch model can be used in this fashion, and this study seeks to develop a student bullying scale by applying the psychometric properties of the Rasch model. The dimensions of the bullying scale consisted of power imbalance, intent to harm, and cyberbullying, and the bullying indicators are defined as verbal, physical, visual, and relational. A total of 1200 public junior high school students in Bogor Regency took part in the study divided of 500 students in phase 1 and 700 students in phase II. The study concludes that the proposed instrument to evaluate bullying has significant validity and reliability in both phase 1 and phase 2. Keywords: rasch model, bullying scale, validity and reliabilty

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